Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), including mixed ethers of NaCMC, by etherifying cellulose with alkyl monochloroacetates in an aqueous-alkaline dispersion containing at least one organic solvent. In the process, cellulose is first alkalized in an aqueous-alkaline dispersion, which optionally already contains the organic solvent. Subsequently, the alkali cellulose is reacted essentially with an alkyl monochloroacetate as the etherifying agent, in the presence of the organic solvent.

Abstract: Modified cellulose reaction products, which are dispersible in aqueous media over a broad pH range without lump formation, are prepared by reacting water-soluble cellulose ether with a specified silane modifying agent in the amount of from 0.0001 to 0.12 mole of modifying agent per mole of cellulose in the cellulose ether.

Abstract: In modern processes for preparing cellulose ethers containing one or more types of substituents, such as MC, CMC, HEC, HPC, MHEC or EHEC, cellulose is reacted with an etherifying agent in the presence of water, base and at least one inert organic solvent (as a dispersing auxiliary). Dimethoxyethane (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether) is employed as a new organic solvent for these syntheses, particularly in quantities of 1 to 30 parts by weight per part by weight of cellulose.

Abstract: Highly dielectric organic compounds can be obtained by cyanoethylating a dihydroxyalkylate of a water-soluble polysaccharide or a derivative thereof with acrylonitrile.

Abstract: A process for isolating saponins and flavonoids from leguminous plant which comprises extracting a part or the whole of the said plant with an aqueous alkaline solution, separating the extract from insoluble matters comprising fibrous materials, applying the extract on non-polar or slightly polar adsorbent resin to adsorb the saponins and flavonoids on the said resin, and treating the resin with a polar solvent to elute the saponins and the flavonoids adsorbed on the said resin.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cellulose ether having at least one phosphorus-containing substituent or a mixed ether of said cellulose ether having in addition at least one phosphorus-free substituent comprising alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, sulfonoalkyl, aminoalkyl, or diaminoalkyl, wherein the phosphorus-containing substituent(s) comprise(s) groups of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are OX; or R.sup.1 is OX and R.sup.2 is OY; or R.sup.1 is OX and R.sup.2 is (CH.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.3 ; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are (CH.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.3 ; or R.sup.1 is (CH.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.3 and R.sup.2 is (CH.sub.2).sub.p --CH.sub.3, whereinX,Y are identical or different and comprise a hydrogen atom or a monovalent cation;m is an integer from 1 to 4; andn,p are identical or different and are 0 or 1; with the proviso that when m is 1 or 2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may not be OX and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may not be OX and OY, respectively. Also disclosed is a process for producing these cellulose ether products.

Abstract: The invention relates to the carbonylation of cross linked substituted and unsubstituted polysaccharides, their copolymers with macroporous synthetic polymers, macroporous synthetic polymers and rigid supports with pendant hydroxyalkyl groups. The carbonylated product can be used to prepare an affinity chromatography matrix which remains an uncharged species at varying pH's. The carbonylated product is also useful for the preparation of other compounds: Typical polysaccharides are agarose, starch, dextran, cellulose and regenerated cellulose, typical macroporous synthetic polymers are acrylamides, acrylates and methacrylates, typical rigid supports are silica beads coated with hydroxy alkyl groups and typical cabonylating agents are N,N'-carbonyl diimidazole; N,N'carbonyl di-1,2,3-benzotriazole; and N,N'-carbonyl di-1,2,4-triazole.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chloral derivative having the general formula ##STR1## in which Y' is a polysaccharide consisting of a chain of anhydroglucose, modified anhydroglucose or uronic acid units as substituent group and in which R is selected from --H, --COCH.sub.2 OH, --[(CH.sub.2).sub.n 0].sub..chi. --H in which n is 2 to 5 and .chi. is 1 to 7; --CH.sub.2 OSO.sub.2 X' or --CH.sub.2 COOX' in which X' is NH.sub.4 or a single equivalent of a non-toxic metallic cation, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n H where n is 1 to 7, --(CH.sub.2).sub.n (OH).sub..chi. Y where Y is --H or --CH.sub.3 n is 1 to 7, .chi. is 1 to 12 and the --OH groups are attached to any or all of the carbon atoms by substitution and wherein when Y.sup.1 is a chain of unmodified anhydroglucose units, these units have the following configurations:.alpha.-D-glucopyranosyl units having a predominantly 1-4 linkage.beta.-D-glucopyranosyl units having a predominantly 1-4 linkage and/or.beta.

Abstract: Small particles of cellulose-containing plants, fine granular oxidated silicon compounds and an alkali metal hydroxide are mixed, then heated to 150.degree. C. to 220.degree. C. while agitating until the plant particles soften or melt, thereby producing an alkali metal cellulose silicate condensation product.

Abstract: Carbonylation of a polysaccharide and the product of that carbonylation. The carbonylated product can be used to prepare an affinity chromatography matrix which is an uncharged species of varying pH's. The carbonylated product is also useful for the preparation of other compounds. Typical polysaccharides are agarose, starch, dextran, cellulose and regenerated cellulose and typical carbonylating agents are N,N'-carbonyl diimidazole; N,N' carbonyl di-1,2,3-benzotriazole; and N,N'-carbonyl di-1,2,4-triazole.

Abstract: Thickening of "cellulose reactive dyes" with carboxyethyl guar.

Abstract: Cellulose ethers which are resistant to enzyme catalyzed hydrolysis can be prepared by using a mixture of sodium and lithium hydroxides as the catalysts in conjunction with etherification reagents, such as, epoxides or alkyl halides.