Abstract: According to an example aspect of the present invention, there is provided a method of producing cellulose carbamate in an aqueous phase. The method comprises the steps of a) providing a cellulose raw-material; b) providing urea; c) mixing cellulose and urea to provide a mixture; d) subjecting the mixture to a reduced pressure of no more than 350 mbar(a); e) heating the mixture to a temperature of 130 to 150° C. to subject cellulose to reaction with urea to form cellulose carbamate; f) releasing the pressure; and g) recovering the cellulose carbamate g) recovering the cellulose carbamate, and h) washing the cellulose carbamate with water to remove water soluble nitrogenous compounds wherein the water-soluble nitrogeneous compounds make up at the most 12%, preferably 6% or less, of the total weight of cellulose carbamate and water-soluble nitrogenous compounds.

Abstract: Provided are: a fine cellulose fiber that is superior in handling properties and that can suitably be used as a reinforcing material or the like for resin; a production method of the fine cellulose fiber; and a slurry and a composite comprising the fine cellulose fibers. The present invention pertains to fine cellulose fibers comprising a carbamate group. The degree of substitution with the carbamate group with respect to hydroxy groups in the fine cellulose fibers is preferably no less than 0.05 and no greater than 0.5. The present invention pertains to a slurry comprising the fine cellulose fibers, to a composite comprising the fine cellulose fibers and a resin, and to a production method of the fine cellulose fibers, comprising performing a heat treatment on a mixture of a plant raw material and urea or the like, and performing a miniaturization treatment of the plant raw material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing paper, board or the like. The method comprises obtaining a fibre stock comprising lignocellulosic fibres and adding a retention agent system comprising a cationic synthetic polymer to the fibre stock and forming a fibrous web from the fibre stock and drying the web. Microfibrillated non-wood cellulose is added to the fibre stock as a component of the retention agent system and sequentially with the cationic synthetic polymer.

Abstract: A process for dissolving modified cellulose is disclosed. The process includes contacting modified cellulose with a solvent in a mixture to form swelled modified cellulose and then contacting the mixture with a salt to dissolve the swelled modified cellulose.

Abstract: Described herein are methods of producing biosynthetic bacterial cellulose membranes having improved characteristics that are advantageous for use in various biological applications, including medicine.

Abstract: Aqueous ink compositions and methods for fabricating a resistive material for a printed circuit are provided. The aqueous ink composition may include an aqueous solvent, one or more carbon nanoparticles, and one or more cellulose nanocrystals. The one or more carbon nanoparticles may include carbon nanotubes, such as multi-walled nanotubes, and the one or more cellulose nanocrystals may include cellulose nanocrystals functionalized with carboxylate groups.

Abstract: The invention is related to a class of hydrophilic copolymers comprising loosely dangling thiol-containing pendant groups. The hydrophilic copolymers are highly reactive towards azetidinium groups of an azetidinium-containing polymer upon heating and can find particular use in for producing water-soluble highly-branched hydrophilic polymeric material useful for producing water gradient contact lenses.

Abstract: A modified kraft pulp fiber with unique properties is provided. The modified fiber can be a modified bleached kraft fiber that is almost indistinguishable from its conventional counterpart, except that it has a low degree of polymerization (DP). Methods for making the modified fiber and products made from it are also provided. The method can be a one step acidic, iron catalyzed peroxide treatment process that can be incorporated into a single stage of a multi-stage bleaching process. The products can be chemical cellulose feedstocks, microcrystalline cellulose feedstocks, fluff pulps and products made from them.

Abstract: The presently disclosed claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to a rheology modifier composition and an aqueous protective coating composition containing the rheology modifier composition. More particularly, the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates to a rheology modifier composition comprising (a) about 50 to about 99% by weight of a water soluble polymer and about 1 to about 50% by weight of a cationic polymer, wherein the cationic polymer is produced by polymerizing a quaternized monomer or by polymerizing a quaternized monomer and a non-quaternized monomer. Additionally, the presently disclosed and/or claimed inventive concept(s) relates generally to the methods of making the rheology modifier composition and the aqueous protective coating composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing microcellulose comprising a) acidifying fibrous cellulosic material, b) washing the acidified cellulosic material, c) optionally dewatering the washed cellulosic material, and d) hydrolyzing the washed or washed and dewatered cellulosic material under acidic conditions at a temperature of at least 120° C. and at a consistency of at least 8% on dry weight of the cellulose.

Abstract: A particulate cellulose derivative is obtained in a process of grinding and drying a moist cellulose derivative which comprises the steps of A) providing a cellulose derivative having a moisture content of from 60 to 95 percent, based on the total weight of the moist cellulose derivative; B) grinding and partially drying the moist cellulose derivative in a gas-swept impact mill; C) contacting the ground and partially dried cellulose derivative with an additional amount of a drying gas outside the gas-swept impact mill; and D) subjecting the cellulose derivative to partial depolymerization after having contacted the cellulose derivative with a drying gas in step C). The obtained particulate cellulose derivative has a high untapped bulk density, a good flowability and a low color intensity.

Abstract: A superhydrophilic amphiphilic copolymer and process for making the superhydrophilic amphiphilic copolymer includes a low molecular weight polysaccharide modified with a hydrophobic reagent, such as substituted succinic anhydride. The superhydrophilic amphiphilic copolymer system generates stable foam for use in applications, such as healthcare formulations, with low irritation of the eyes and skin.

Abstract: Process for the production of paper, board and cardboard having high dry strength by addition of an aqueous composition comprising a nanocellulose and at least one polymer selected from the group consisting of the anionic polymers and water-soluble cationic polymers, draining of the paper stock and drying of the paper products.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-toxic process and system for pilot-scale production of cellulose products, and particularly to a process and system for pilot-scale production of cellulose products by using aqueous sodium hydroxide/urea solution pre-colled to lower than ?8° C., in which cellulose could dissolved rapidly. The said process and system can be used to produce fibers, films, chromatographic packings, or nonwovens of regenerated cellulose, as well as to produce a variety of high added-value products by adding other materials such as functional materials, nano-materials, etc.

Abstract: Corn or soy plant biomass is electron beam irradiation processed and saccharified to produce sugars. The sugars are then converted to products such as alcohols, organic acids, hydrocarbons, hydrogen, proteins, carbohydrates, fats, oils, lipids, amino acids, vitamins, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: The invention comprises a method of preparing moldable biodegradable composites containing a diamine cross-linked cellulose alkyl ester. The novel composite can be compression molded to form biodegradable composite (materials)s in the form of useful articles such as cups, planters and the like.

Abstract: A molecule possessing a primary or secondary amino group and an additional functionality capable of providing a novel or improved property to a cellulose material has been permanently attached to the cellulose material in aqueous media using a water-soluble carbodiimide as the coupling agent/activator. One such molecule is 5-aminofluorescein (abbreviated as “A-fluo”) and one such cellulose material is a papermaking pulp. Papers made from a pulp furnish containing, for example, 0.01 wt. % of the “A-fluo”-attached pulp show an embedded marker feature authenticable upon UV or visible light excitation. The “A-fluo”-attached pulp can also be used for the marking and identification of a pulp furnish.

Abstract: Described are oligo- and polysaccharides containing amine groups. Specifically, described is a new process to manufacture cationic cellulose oligomers. The new cationic oligo- or polysaccharides are useful ingredients in various aqueous compositions, inter alia as ingredients for personal care compositions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a Ge adsorbent for a 68Ge—68Ga generator, which is a polysaccharide polymer having a glucamine group represented by the formula (1) or the formula (2), wherein R1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and * is a bonding position.

Abstract: Nanocellulose foams containing at least one active ingredient and methods of preparing such nanocellulose foams containing one or more active ingredients are provided herein. In some embodiments, a method for preparing nanocellulose foam containing active ingredients may include forming a liquid mixture of nanocellulose, wherein the nanocellulose is at least one of dispersed, suspended or gelled in the liquid mixture; drying the liquid mixture of nanocellulose to form a nanocellulose foam; and mixing at least one active ingredient into at least one of the liquid mixture of nanocellulose or the nanocellulose foam. In some embodiments, a nanocellulose structure may include a nanocellulose foam comprising at least one of a carboxylate group, a hydroxyl group, or a sulfate group bonded to an active ingredient. In some embodiments, the nanocellulose structures are enhanced or crosslinked with metal cations.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides polymer compounds binding with lipoamide produced by the reaction of the primary amine group of lipoamide with the carboxy group of polysaccharide compounds such as chondroitin sulfates, carboxymethyl celluloses, or hyaluronic acids; functional compounds such as peptides, proteins, growth factors; or drugs; or biocompatible polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinyl alcohol), or poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). The present disclosure also provides their synthesis methods, products of hydrogels and films using the same as and methods for manufacturing the products.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present disclosure, in one aspect, relate to compounds, methods of making compounds, structures having the compound covalently bonded to the surface of the structure, methods of attaching the compound to the surface of the structure, methods of decreasing the amount of microorganisms formed on a structure, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a method of modifying the surface of a cellulosic material, wherein a modifying compound is attached to the cellulosic material through a linker, which linker is a conjugate that has been activated by functionalization prior to adsorption to form an activated conjugate, and wherein the entire method is carried out in aqueous media, as well as an intermediate product suitable for attaching to a modifying compound, the intermediate product comprising said functionalized conjugate linker that has been adsorbed to a cellulosic material.

Abstract: The invention relates to flame-retardant cellulosic man-made fibers containing a flame-retardant substance in the form of an oxidized condensate of a tetrakis hydroxyalkyl phosphonium salt with ammonia and/or a nitrogenous compound which contains one or several amine groups whereby the fiber has a tenacity of more than 18 cN/tex in a conditioned state. Production process and the use of the fibers according to the invention are further objects of the invention.

Abstract: The process described in the instant invention has the steps of dissolving the lipid-containing biomass in an ionic liquid, whereby a lipid phase and a hydrophilic phase are formed. The lipid phase contains primarily triglycerides, which can be converted to biodiesel by transesterification to, e.g., methyl esters. The hydrophilic phase comprises dissolved biopolymers, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and protein. The biopolymers are converted in situ to compounds that are insoluble in the molten inorganic salt hydrate. The molten inorganic salt hydrates regenerated by removing insolubles, such as lignin, ash from the biomass, and water.

Abstract: A new, facile, low cost and easy-to-operate method of forming and immobilizing metal nanoparticles on substrates is invented. The method comprises steps of chemical modification of the substrates with chemical linkers, chelation of the metal ions to the modified substrates, the washing of the unbound metal ions and in-situ reduction of the metal ions to produce metal nanoparticles on the substrates with/without the finishing treatment of the metal nanoparticles functionalized substrates with minimum particles aggregations. The metal nanoparticles functionalized substrates generated by the method have wide applications, for example, as anti-microbial agents. The metal nanoparticles are strongly bonded to the substrates, resulting in low metal leaching to the environment.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds which are capable of exerting an inhibitory effect on the Na+ glucose cotransporter SGLT in order to hinder glucose and galactose absorption, as well as on lipase thus reducing dietary triglyceride metabolism, for use in the treatment of conditions which benefit therefrom (diabetes, Metabolic Syndrome, obesity, prevention of weight gain or aiding weight loss). These compounds comprise a non-absorbable, non-digestible polymer having a glucopyranosyl or galactopyranosyl or equivalent moiety stably and covalently linked thereto, said glucopyranosyl or galactopyranosyl moiety being able to occupy the glucose-binding pocket of a SGLT transporter.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and systems for treating cellulose to make it more accessible for enzymatic or chemical modification. The invention includes treating cellulose with an alkali in an alcohol/water co-solvent system. The treatment decrystallizes or deaggregates the cellulosic material. The methods and systems increase the efficiency of enzymatic or chemical modifications of cellulose for use as biofuels or cellulose derivatives.

Abstract: A polyvinyl alcohol polymer capable of, in producing hydrolyzable cellulose using a cellulosic biomass as a basic material, readily disrupting the cellulosic biomass at a molecular level by imparting a suitable flow resistance to a solution containing the cellulosic biomass, or the like, thereby resulting in efficient production of hydrolyzable cellulose to be enabled; and a method for producing hydrolyzable cellulose using the polyvinyl alcohol polymer. Provided is a polyvinyl alcohol polymer for use in producing hydrolyzable cellulose using a cellulosic biomass as a basic material, the polyvinyl alcohol polymer having: an average degree of polymerization of no less than 200 and no greater than 5,000; a degree of saponification of no less than 70 mol % and no greater than 99.9 mol %; and a molecular weight distribution of no less than 2.2.

Abstract: Functionalized substrate materials, for example inorganic particles and/or synthetic polymeric particles, are used to enhance bioprocesses such as saccharification and fermentation.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and article for storing genetic material or analytes from a biological sample by contacting said biological sample with a cellulose substrate comprising structural units of Formula I wherein X and Y are independently N—O-L-A or O, with the proviso that when Y is O, then X is N—O-L-A, and when X is O, then Y is N—O-L-A; L is a direct bond, an aliphatic radical, an aromatic radical, a cycloaliphatic radical, or a combination thereof; and A=COOH, SO3H, or a combination thereof. The invention also relates to a cellulose substrate comprising the structural units of Formula I, and a method of manufacturing the same.

Abstract: A superhydrophilic amphiphilic copolymer and process for making the superhydrophilic amphiphilic copolymer includes a low molecular weight polysaccharide modified with a hydrophobic reagent, such as substituted succinic anhydride. The superhydrophilic amphiphilic copolymer system generates stable foam for use in applications, such as healthcare formulations, with low irritation of the eyes and skin.

Abstract: The invention relates to dispersible cellulose powder compositions comprising non-seed cellulose powder derived from algae, fungi or tunicates, which compositions are useful in a variety of products such as food products, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, paints, biocompatible materials for artificial tissue engineering and implantable biomaterials and relates to methods for preparing non-seed cellulose powder compositions.

Abstract: [Problems to be Solved] To provide highly hydrous contact lenses having a cellulose derivative as an essential component. [Means to Solve the Problems] The highly hydrous contact lens formed by exposing a pasty mixture containing a cellulose derivative, a polymerizable compound couplable to the foregoing cellulose derivative, and water to radiation.

Abstract: Scaffold comprises a polymer defining macropores and comprising hydroxypropylcellulose partially substituted by a substituent comprising a self-crosslinkable group, which is crosslinked through the self-crosslinkable group. The macropores have an average pore size larger than 50 microns and are at least partially interconnected. In one method, bicontinuous emulsion comprising a continuous aqueous phase and a continuous polymer phase is formed. The polymer phase comprises hydroxypropylcellulose partially substituted by a substituent comprising a self-crosslinkable group, and is crosslinked through the self-crosslinkable group to form a polymer defining at least partially interconnected pores. In another method, phase separation is induced in a solution comprising a polymer precursor and water to form a bicontinuous emulsion comprising a continuous polymer phase and a continuous aqueous phase.

Abstract: Systems and methods of producing chemical compounds are disclosed. An example chemical production system includes a combustion chamber having intake ports for entry of a gas mixture. An igniter ignites the gas mixture in the intake chamber to facilitate a reaction at a high temperature and high pressure. A nozzle restricts exit of the ignited gas mixture from the combustion chamber. An expansion chamber cools the ignited gas. The expansion chamber has an exhaust where the cooled gas exits the expansion chamber. A chemical compound product is formed in the expansion chamber.

Abstract: Biomaterials that support cell attachment and growth are provided. In one aspect, biomaterials are provided comprising a first polymer matrix comprising reactive amino moieties and a second polymer matrix that interpenetrates with the first polymer matrix, where the second polymer matrix comprises a poly(alkylene oxide) comprising two or more alkylene oxide oligomers joined by gamma-thioether carbonyl linkages. In another aspect, biomaterials are provided comprising at least one biopolymer comprising amino groups, thiol groups, and bifunctional modifiers connecting at least some of the amino groups to at least some of the thiol groups; and at least one poly(alkylene oxide) cross-linked to at least two thiol groups of the biopolymer. The biomaterials may further comprise a pharmacologically active agent or cells. Methods of administering such biomaterials to a patient in need thereof are also provided.

Abstract: Described herein are implantable medical devices comprising a biocompatible polymer comprising a triggerable bioadhesive property that allows the device to adhere to body tissue. The triggerable bioadhesive property of the polymer can be triggered or activated by exposure to a stimulus. Also, the present invention pertains to methods of making an implantable medical device comprising a biocompatible polymer comprising a triggerable bioadhesive property that allows the device to adhere to body tissue.

Abstract: A method is presented for the production of cellulosic ethanol, acetic acid and derivatives from the extract containing fibers and hemicelluloses after steam cooking of biomass in a host plant. The process is integrated with the host plant process to minimize the effect of loss of heat value from the extracted hemicelluloses and eliminate the need for the waste water treatment plant.

Abstract: The suspended solids content of a Bayer process stream is reduced by contacting the stream with silicon-containing polymers.

Abstract: The disclosed invention pertains to improved oligonucleotide manufacturing methods, including novel support compositions that are optionally labeled, their methods of preparation and use. The compositions and methods are particularly well suited for high throughput oligonucleotide manufacturing in that the automated support recognition facilitates loading of the wells with the proper supports. In addition, the labeled supports can be used to confirm that each well of a multi-well plate, such as a 96 or 384 well plate, was properly loaded.

Abstract: A molecule possessing a primary or secondary amino group and an additional functionality capable of providing a novel or improved property to a cellulose material has been permanently attached to the cellulose material in aqueous media using a water-soluble carbodiimide as the coupling agent/activator. One such molecule is 5-aminofluorescein (abbreviated as “A-fluo”) and one such cellulose material is a papermaking pulp. Papers made from a pulp furnish containing, for example, 0.01 wt. % of the “A-fluo”-attached pulp show an embedded marker feature authenticable upon UV or visible light excitation. The “A-fluo”-attached pulp can also be used for the marking and identification of a pulp furnish.

Abstract: A phosphorus-adsorbing material is produced to include a polymer-based material modified with at least either of a primary and a secondary amine and a metal supported on the polymer-based material, and a phosphorus recovery system is structured by using the phosphorus-adsorbing material.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing a body (7) comprising cellulose with the help of cellulose-producing organisms, which are supplied with a nutrient solution. A particularly uniform structure and density of the cellulose bodies can be achieved when a vessel (1) having a membrane (4) is supplied, said membrane being permeable to the nutrient solution and is substantially impermeable to the organisms, wherein the organisms are cultivated on one side of the membrane (4), where a gas atmosphere prevails, and the nutrient solution is arranged on the other side of the membrane and passes through the membrane (4) in the direction of the organisms, to supply them.

Abstract: A method for preparing a cellulose carbamate solution. Dissolving is performed in two steps, first by moistening cellulose carbamate pulp with a dilute alkaline solution and second by admixing a concentrated alkaline solution, as cold as possible, to the pulp under intensive stirring. The technique utilizes the low freezing point of the aqueous NaOH solution at the concentration of 18%, wherein the freezing point is below ?20° C., and the intensive stirring function of the dissolve mixer device during the dosage. It is possible to prepare solutions of high quality and having high dry matter content in a mixing time of a few minutes only.

Abstract: Carbohydrates having functional groups, such as carboxylic acid groups and methods of making such carbohydrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides the gas barrier molded article having high permeation barrier properties against oxygen gas, water vapor and the like. A gas barrier material containing cellulose fibers having an average fiber diameter of not more than 200 nm wherein the content of carboxyl group in a cellulose ranges from 0.1 to 2 mmol/g; and further a cross-linking agent having a reactive functional group or the cellulose fibers being dried or heated or a gas barrier molded article containing a molded substrate and a layer composed of the gas barrier material on the surface of the molded substrate.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting lipid-containing biomass to a liquid fuel and/or platform chemicals. The process comprises the steps of dissolving the lipid-containing biomass in an ionic liquid, whereby a lipid phase and a hydrophilic phase are formed. The lipid phase contains primarily triglycerides, which can be converted to biodiesel by transesterification to, e.g., methyl esters. The hydrophilic phase comprises dissolved biopolymers, such as cellulose, hemicellulose, and protein. The biopolymers are converted in situ to compounds that are insoluble in the ionic liquid. The ionic liquid is regenerated by removing insolubles, such as lignin, ash from the biomass, and water.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cationic, gel forming, guanidinated polysaccharides of Formula I, their use as absorbent materials, and to processes for producing same: Formula I wherein Z1, Z2, and Z3 are independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, C1-C10 alkyl, substituted C1-C10 alkyl, C5-C7 cycloalkyl, and benzyl; and m is an integer ranging from 1 to 2,000,000. The absorbent guanidinated polysaccharides of Formula I have absorbent properties suitable for use in personal care products.

Abstract: A composition comprises a fibre material. The fibre has been treated by reaction with a molecule having the following formula: wherein R is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms and more preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms. wherein RI is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms and more preferably 2 to 5 carbon atoms. wherein RII is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms. wherein RIII is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms. wherein RIV is an alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 10 carbon atoms and more preferably 1 to 5 carbon atoms. wherein X is a halide, preferably one of Cl?, Br? or I?.