Abstract: The invention provides tandem facial amphiphiles for biochemical manipulations and characterization of membrane proteins, such as intrinsic membrane proteins. Members of this new family display favorable behavior with several membrane proteins. These amphiphiles can form relatively small micelles, and small changes in amphiphile chemical structures can result in large changes in their physical properties. The tandem facial amphiphiles can be used to aid the solubilization, isolation, purification, stabilization, crystallization, and/or structural determination of membrane proteins.

Abstract: Isolated compounds from adelostemma gracillimum refined fractions and compositions containing the compounds are provided by the present invention. Adelostemma gracillimum refined fractions and the extraction process thereof are also provided by the present invention. The uses of the compounds and the adelostemma gracillimum refined fractions for inhibiting the activities of NMDA receptor or amyloid-beta peptide, for improving memory, and for treating neurodegenerative diseases, neuropathological conditions or epilepsy are further provided by the present invention.

Abstract: The present invention provides glycoside compounds, methods of preparing such compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds, and a method for the treatment of hyperproliferative diseases using the same.

Abstract: The present invention relates to triterpene glycoside saponin-derived adjuvants, syntheses thereof, intermediates thereto, and uses thereof. QS-7 is a potent immuno-adjuvant that is significantly less toxic than QS-21, a related saponin that is currently the favored adjuvant in anticancer and antiviral vaccines. Tedious isolation and purification protocols have hindered the clinical development of QS-7. A novel semi-synthetic method is provided wherein a hydrolyzed prosapogenin mixture is used to synthesize QS-7, QS-21, and related analogs, greatly facilitating access to QS-7 and QS-21 analogs for preclinical and clinical evaluation.

Abstract: Method of using saponins from at least one plant of the Gleditsia genus, or an extract of at least one plant of the Gleditsia genus including saponins, for controlling, by ingestion, land or aquatic mollusc pests. The molluscicidal active principle, compositions containing the same, and methods for controlling mollusc pests are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new use of traditional Chinese drug products of Danshensu (DLA), Notoginsenoside R1 (R1) and their combination, in particular to the therapeutic and preventive effects of DLA, R1 and their combination on the diseases caused by microcirculation disorder.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions for the synthesis, production, and use of pro-drug analogs. This invention relates to a method for the production of a broad group of glycosylated drugs, including but not limited to propofol, acetaminophen, and camptothecin carbohydrate derivatives.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a novel vascular leakage inhibitor. The novel vascular leakage inhibitor of the present disclosure inhibits the apoptosis of vascular endothelial cells, inhibits the formation of actin stress fibers induced by VEGF, enhances the cortical actin ring structure, and improves the stability of the tight junctions (TJs) between vascular cells, thereby inhibiting vascular leakage. The vascular leakage inhibitor of the present disclosure has the activity of not only reducing vascular permeability but also recovering the integrity of damaged blood vessels. Accordingly, the vascular leakage inhibitor of the present disclosure can prevent or treat various diseases caused by vascular leakage. Since the vascular leakage inhibitor of the present disclosure is synthesized from commercially available or easily synthesizable cholesterols, it has remarkably superior feasibility of commercial synthesis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an agent for controlling Bcl-2 expression comprising ginsenoside F1 (20-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol) represented by the following formula 1 as an active component.

Abstract: The invention comprises compounds, methods of making, and methods of using. The compounds may have a backbone and three appended functional groups: one lipid, one hydrophilic polymer, and one carbohydrate. Specific functional groups may be selected for specific applications in formulating pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, nutriceuticals, and the like. A variety of linkers between the backbone and functional groups may also be selected to optimize performance.

Abstract: A method of making a natural sweetening composition comprising the steps of (a) steam stripping a crude mixture of at least one plant based natural high intensity sweetening compound; and (b) at least one step of filtering the crude mixture.

Abstract: A saponin or a sapogenin, or a saponin or sapogenin derivative, from a plant of the capsicum genus for use in the treatment of a disease other than eczema and dermatitis. A process for preparing a plant of the capsicum genus, extracts, or seeds thereof for use as a medicament suitable for the treatment of diseases other than skin conditions which process comprises storing the plant, extracts or seeds thereof at a temperature of 20° C. or below.

Abstract: The present invention provides regio- and stereoselective oxidation of unactivated C—H bonds using an engineered mutant cytochrome P450 monooxygenase and an engineered substrate.

Abstract: A preparation of a kind of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 medicinal composition aqueous solution containing ginsenoside Rg3 0.5˜10 mg/ml: add 0.1-5% of ginsenoside solution to 0.1˜30% of adjuvant A, B{circle around (1)}{circle around (2)}{circle around (5)} at the temperature of 40˜100° C., the ratio of these two is 1:1˜300, add water after the solvent is recycled under reduced pressure; another kind of 20(R)-ginsenoside Rg3 medicinal composition aqueous solution contains 0.1˜2 mg/ml of 20 (R) of the ginsenoside Rg3, the preparation: add 0.1˜5% of ginsenoside solution to 20˜65% of adjuvant B{circle around (3)}{circle around (4)} at the temperature of 60˜100° C., main material to adjuvant B=1:100˜400, add water after the solvent is recycled under reduced pressure.

Abstract: There are provided a promoter containing ginsenoside compound K for the production of hyaluronic acid, and more particularly, a new efficacy of 20-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxadiol (compound K), a chief metabolite of ginseng saponin, to increase the expression of hyaluronic acid synthase gene in human cell and thereby to promote the production of hyaluronic acid, and an anti-aging agent containing the promoter for the production of hyaluronic acid as an effective ingredient.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds to treat a number of conditions, such as thrombocytopenia, neutropenia or the delayed effects of radiation therapy. Compounds that can be used in the invention include methyl-2,3,4-trihydroxy-1-O-(7,17-dioxoandrost-5-ene-3?-yl)-?-D-glucopyranosiduronate, 16?,3?-dihydroxy-5?-androstan-17-one or 3,7,16,17-tetrahydroxyandrost-5-ene, 3,7,16,17-tetrahydroxyandrost-4-ene, 3,7,16,17-tetrahydroxyandrost-1-ene or 3,7,16,17-tetrahydroxyandrostane that can be used in the treatment method.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparation of highly purified mogrosides mixture from low purity mogrosides mixture.

Abstract: Four novel water soluble cholesterol derivative compounds are disclosed. These compounds have various applications in studies of membrane proteins, including drug screening and studies of receptor stability and folding. In one aspect the water soluble cholesterol derivatives disclosed may be used to replace cholesterol in micelle-solubilized membrane protein preparations.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel cells and cell lines, and methods for making and using them.

Abstract: Methods for fluorinating organic compounds are described herein.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel saponin compounds of formula II wherein MBz denotes p-methoxybenzoyl, and R is selected from the group comprising C6-10 aryl, C6-10 aryl-C1-4 alkyl-, C1-18 alkanoyl, C3-18 alkenyl, C6-10 aryl-C(O)—, C6-10 aryl-C1-4 alkyl-C(O)—, wherein each of the groups can optionally be substituted. These compounds possess a selective cytostatic activity, useful, e.g., in the treatment of proliferative diseases. The invention further relates to methods of preparation of the novel compounds and to a pharmaceutical composition containing these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention provides a one-pot method of preparing an unprotected ?-O-glycolipid. The first step involves contacting a protected ?-iodo sugar with a catalyst and a lipid comprising a hydroxy group, under conditions sufficient to prepare a protected ?-O-glycolipid. The second step involves deprotecting the protected ?-O-glycolipid under conditions sufficient to prepare the unprotected ?-O-glycolipid, wherein the contacting and deprotecting steps are performed in a single vessel. The present invention also provides a one-pot method of preparing an unprotected ?-O-glycolipid following the steps for the preparation of the unprotected ?-O-glycolipid.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds to treat a number of conditions, such as thrombocytopenia, neutropenia or the delayed effects of radiation therapy. Compounds that can be used in the invention include methyl-2,3,4-trihydroxy-1-O-(7,17-dioxoandrost-5-ene-3?-yl)-?-D-glucopyranosiduronate, 16?,3?-dihydroxy-5?-androstan-17-one or 3,7,16,17-tetrahydroxyandrost-5-ene, 3,7,16,17-tetrahydroxyandrost-4-ene, 3,7,16,17-tetrahydroxyandrost-1-ene or 3,7,16,17-tetrahydroxyandrostane that can be used in the treatment method.

Abstract: The invention relates to the fields of Chinese drugs and chemical drugs, specifically, drugs comprising ginsenoside compounds, methods of using ginsenoside compound K shown in Formula 1 for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis and uses of ginsenoside compound K in the preparation of a medicament for prevention and treatment of atherosclerosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a skin-protecting composition for the damaged skin, comprising glycyrrhizin, quercetin, rosmarinic acid, madecassic acid, chamazulene, bicalein and emodin. The composition of the present invention has all of excellent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, wound-healing and moisturizing effects, thereby being widely used in medicine, cosmetic material or the like for the purpose of protecting the easily infectable, damaged and dried skin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a composition for preventing or treating diabetes or blood glucose control abnormality comprising gisenosides Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1 from natural substances; a use of a mixture comprising gisenosides Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1 for the manufacture of a medicament for preventing or treating diabetes or blood glucose control abnormality; or a method for preventing or treating diabetes or blood glucose control abnormality by administering a therapeutically effective amount of mixture comprising gisenosides Rg3, Rg5, and Rk1 to a subject. The present composition can effectively prevent or treat diabetes, blood glucose control abnormality, and complication thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to analogs of aminoglycoside compounds as well as their preparation and use as prophylactic or therapeutics against microbial infection.

Abstract: The present invention disclosed a medical use of cucurbitane triterpenoids represented by the following formula and isolated from Momordica charantia L. of Cucurbitaceae family in the preparation of medications for prevention and treatment of diabetes and obesity. The above cucurbitane triterpenoids may be acted as a glucose uptake stimulator, an agonist for the translocation of glucose transporter 4(GLUT4) to the cell membrane, and an activator of adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase (AMPK). They may have potential for the prevention and treatment of diabetes and obesity.

Abstract: This invention relates to a technology used for a fast separation of Ginsenoside Re directly from other ginsensosides with similar molecular structures. In a conventional method, multiple steps and complex organic mobile phases are required to obtain a highly purified Ginsenoside Re compound, which are time consuming and organic solvent consumption, an obstacle for large scale industrial production. In our new technology, a quick separation for a mixture of two compounds with similar molecular structure. Ginsenoside Re and Ginsenoside Rg1 was demonstrated through a Surpass™ PolyGin-Re column 2×250 mm, in which only methanol was used for elution, no acids or bases were needed, which could be a Green technology for Ginsenoside Re production in the future.

Abstract: A method of preparing medicaments for treating dilated cardiomyopathy includes the step of applying ginsenoside Rb1. Long-term treatment of ginsenoside Rb1 can reduce the mortality rate, improve the cardiac function, reduce the dilation of the left ventricular, reduce the hypertrophy of myocytes and the proliferation of collagen, reduce the uneven thickness of myocytes, mitochondrial swelling, break of crista, sarcoplasmic reticulum expansion and destruction of intercalated disc connection, increase the expression of connexin Cx40, E-cadherin and P-cadherin, fibroblast growth factor FGF2, FGF7, FGF8, FGF10, and reduce the expression of integrin Itga8 and Itgbp.

Abstract: The present invention relates to use of an active ingredient selected from ginsenoside Rg1, its metabolites ginsenoside Rh1 and Ppt for preparing a medicament and a health care product for improving sexual function of male mammals, and for providing the effect of spermatogenesis. The present invention further relates to a pharmaceutical composition for improving sexual function of male mammals, and/or for providing the effect of spermatogenesis, which comprises at least one active ingredient selected from ginsenoside Rg1, its metabolites ginsenoside Rh1 and Ppt, and a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of extracting ginsenoside Rg2, which is applied to mass production. The method of the present invention employs gradient salting-out instead of conventional silica gel chromatography, and therefore enables convenient performance and mass production of ginsenoside Rg2. Provided are also a pharmaceutical composition comprising ginsenoside Rg2 as an active ingredient, and prophylactic and therapeutic agents for preventing and treating dementia, depression, peripheral circulation disorder and related diseases, utilizing the pharmaceutical composition.

Abstract: Provided is the novel sweetener and sweetness enhancer iso-mogroside V, compositions comprising the sweetener/sweetness enhancer for use in consumables (food products and products place in the oral cavity including mouth wash and other dental hygiene products), and sweetened or sweetness enhanced food products comprising the novel sweetener/sweetness enhancer.

Abstract: Disclosed is an AMPK activating material used for improving and treating metabolic syndrome, in which AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) is a main enzyme for regulating an energy sensor and lipid/glucose metabolism in the body. The activation of AMPK inhibits the synthesis of fat and cholesterol, and accelerates the reduction of body fat and blood glucose, thereby improving obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia. The disclosed AMPK activating material contains, as active ingredients having an improving and treating effect on metabolic syndrome, including obesity, diabetes, and hyperlipidaemia, a novel compound 2?,3?,12?-trihydroxydammar-20(22)-E,24-diene-3-O-[?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?)-?-D-glucopyranoside], named Damulin A, and a novel compound 2?,3?,12?-trihydroxydammara-20,24-diene-3-O-[?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?)-?-D-glucopyranoside], named Damulin B.

Abstract: A process of obtaining a saponin-rich component from a plant of the Araliaceae family, the process comprising the steps of: (a) treating a portion of the plant with an extraction solvent in which saponin-containing compounds are soluble; and (b) treating the portion of plant or the extract obtained therefrom to remove fatty acid residues from said portion of plant or extract thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds according to formula (I): wherein R2 is absent or a linking moiety and R3 is selected from the group consisting of anti- inflammatory agents and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions comprising compounds of formula (I) and the use of these pharmaceutical compositions for the treatment or prophylaxis of chronic inflammatory diseases, in particular those that are caused by chronically activated macrophages. The chronic inflammatory disease is in particular atherosclerosis, (rheumatoid) arthritis, an (auto) immune disease or sarcoidosis.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is a whitening cosmetic composition containing plant-derived ginsenoside Fl (20-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-20(S)-protopanaxatriol) as an active ingredient. More specifically, the ginsenoside Fl is obtained from particularly a ginseng extract using an acid, a base, an enzyme or microorganism, and a whitening cosmetic composition containing the ginsenoside Fl has an excellent effect of inhibiting melanin biosynthesis, and thus provides an excellent skin whitening effect.

Abstract: Provided is a sugar-cholestanol compound which can be readily synthesized, and which exhibits a satisfactory antitumor activity. An anticancer agent containing, as an active ingredient, a cholestanol compound represented by the following formula (1): or a cyclodextrin inclusion complexation containing the compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for extracting sterols from a high solids, thermochemically hydrolyzed corn fiber using ethanol as the extractant. The process includes obtaining a corn fiber slurry having a moisture content from about 20 weight percent to about 50 weight percent solids (high solids content), thermochemically processing the corn fiber slurry having high solids content of 20 to 50% to produce a hydrolyzed corn fiber slurry, dewatering the hydrolyzed corn fiber slurry to achieve a residual corn fiber having a moisture content from about 30 to 80 weight percent solids, washing the residual corn fiber, dewatering the washed, hydrolyzed corn fiber slurry to achieve a residual corn fiber having a moisture content from about 30 to 80 weight percent solids, and extracting the residual corn fiber with ethanol and separating at least one sterol.

Abstract: The present invention provides a use of ginsenosides represented by formula I or mixtures thereof for manufacturing a medicament for anti-platelet aggregation, wherein R1 and R2 are H or glucosyl, and when R1 is glucosyl, R2 is H; when R1 is H, R2 is glucosyl. The present invention further provides a pharmaceutical composition for anti-platelet aggregation, which is capable to be used to prevent and treat thrombosis. The present invention also provides a method for generating the effect of anti-platelet aggregation in patients in vivo.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition containing total triterpenoid sapogenins extracted from bamboo, the preparation method and use thereof. These total triterpenoid sapogenins are extracted from many parts of bamboo such as bamboo shavings in Gramineae by CO2 Supercritical Fluid Extraction technique. In the extract, the content of total triterpenoid sapogenins is 10-90%, while the contents of friedelin and lupenone are 5-35% and 1-10%, respectively. The extract in the invention has good physiological and pharmacological activities such as anti-free radical, anti-oxidation, anti-tumor and anti-hypertension. It can be used in medicines or functional foods for the treatment or prevention of cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases and tumor. It is also useful in cosmetics field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of vanilloid receptor (VR) antagonists, and more particularly vanilloid receptor 1 (VR1) antagonist, as analgesics in the treatment and/or prohylaxis of cnidaria envenomations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to natural brassinosteroids of general formula (I), wherein R is CH2 or O—CH2 group, R2 is hydrogen or hydroxyl, R3 is hydroxyl, R24 is alkyl or alkenyl, which are selected from the group consisting of methyl, ethyl, propyl, isopropyl, methylen, ethylen and propylen, and R25 is alkyl selected from the group consisting of methyl and ethyl, and a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, for use for treating hyperproliferation, treating proliferative diseases and reducing adverse effects of steroid dysfunction in mammals. The present invention also provides methods capable to arrest of the cell cycle by natural brassinosteroids resulting in apoptotic changes in cancer cells. More specifically, the present invention relates to use for treatment of the adverse effects of hyperproliferation on mammalian cells in vitro and in vivo, especially treatment of hyperproliferative diseases in mammals by administering compositions containing natural brassinosteroids.

Abstract: The present invention discloses use of ginsenoside Rb2 in the manufacture of drugs. Said drugs not only can dissolve thrombi and protect against reperfusion injury, but also can improve microcirculation, help to repair the injured tissues and cells, improve local or even systemic physiological conditions. Additional advantages include reduced bleeding time when used in thrombolytic treatment. Said drugs may be used in a wide range of diseases related to microcirculatory disorders, such as chronic coronary heart disease, vasculitis, thromboembolic diseases, Raynaud's disease, microvascular diseases of fundus oculi and the like. According to the present invention, said drugs may be formulated into injections, tablets, granules or capsules. According to a basic embodiment of the present invention, the purity of ginsenoside monomer Rb2 may be around 80% and the rest components are essentially ginsenosides Rb1 and Rb3 in an amount of about 10%; the ginsenoside monomer Rb2 may also be in a purity of 90% or more.

Abstract: Unique compounds that can be used for inducing an immune response to Borrelia burgdorferi in a subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of the glycolipid to the subject. Such administration is particularly useful for preventing or treating Lyme disease in a subject. The compounds(s), and therapeutically acceptable salts thereof, may be formulated into pharmaceutical or immunogenic compositions.

Abstract: A method for selectively separating desirable steroidal glycosides from undesirable components present in plant material of the Asclepiadaceae family containing the same. The method comprises contacting the plant material or material derived therefrom (herein: “the material”) with liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide under conditions whereby the desirable steroidal glycosides dissolve in the liquid or supercritical carbon dioxide in preference to the undesirable components, and subsequently recovering the desirable steroidal glycosides from the carbon dioxide solution.

Abstract: The invention features corticosteroids conjugated to either a charged group or a bulky group in a manner that resists in vivo cleavage, the resulting conjugate is a peripherally acting steroid with reduced activity in the central nervous system. The invention provides a method for treating a patient having an inflammatory disease by administering to the patient a corticosteroid conjugate.

Abstract: New and useful compounds C. roseus cultured hairy roots are provided, by Isolating flavone glycosides together with a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier This is accomplished by immersing powdered the hairy roots in methanol to produce an extract, concentrating the extract, resuspending the extract in water, extracting the compound with organic solvent, and isolating the compound from the organic solvent.

Abstract: Unique compounds that can be used for inducing an immune response to Borrelia burgdorferi in a subject by administering a therapeutically effective amount of the glycolipid to the subject. Such administration is particularly useful for preventing or treating Lyme disease in a subject. The compounds(s), and therapeutically acceptable salts thereof, may be formulated into pharmaceutical or immunogenic compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to new synthetic receptors. More particularly, the present invention relates to the use of the synthetic receptors for delivering a protein, peptide, drug, prodrug, lipid, nucleic acid, carbohydrate or small molecule into a target cell via receptor-mediated endocytosis. According to the invention, novel synthetic mimics of cell surface receptors have been designed and methods for use of the same are disclosed.