Abstract: Four novel water soluble cholesterol derivative compounds are disclosed. These compounds have various applications in studies of membrane proteins, including drug screening and studies of receptor stability and folding. In one aspect the water soluble cholesterol derivatives disclosed may be used to replace cholesterol in micelle-solubilized membrane protein preparations.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions containing an extract of processed Panax genus plant and saponin compounds isolated therefrom for treat the diseases caused by vascular injury in human or mammal, the method for treating said diseases using thereby and the use thereof. The extract of processed Panax genus plant and saponin compounds isolated therefrom shows suppressive effect on endothelial dysfunction and damage of blood-retinal on HUVEC and retinal vascular endothelial cell. Therefore, it can be used as the therapeutics or functional health food for treating and preventing the diseases caused by vascular injury.

Abstract: The present invention provides iRNA agents comprising at least one subunit of the formula (I): wherein: A and B are each independently for each occurrence O, N(RN) or S; X and Y are each independently for each occurrence H, OH, a hydroxyl protecting group, a phosphate group, a phosphodiester group, an activated phosphate group, an activated phosphite group, a phosphoramidite, a solid support, —P(Z?)(Z?)O-nucleoside, —P(Z?)(Z?)O-oligonucleotide, a lipid, a PEG, a steroid, a lipophile, a polymer, —P(Z?)(Z?)O-Linker-OP(Z??)(Z??)O-oligonucleotide, a nucleotide, an oligonucleotide, —P(Z?)(Z?)-formula (I), —P(Z?)(Z?)— or -Linker-R; R is LG, -Linker-LG, or has the structure shown below: LG is independently for each occurrence a carbohydrate, e.g.

Abstract: A method and pharmaceutical composition for the enhancement of transfer of a therapeutic agent to a cell wherein the therapeutic agent is formulated in a buffer comprising a compound of Formula I: wherein: n is an integer from 2-8; X1 is a cholic acid group or deoxycholic acid group; and X2 and X3 are each independently selected from the group consisting of a cholic acid group, a deoxycholic acid group, and a saccharide group, wherein the saccharide group is selected from the group consisting of pentose monosaccharide groups, hexose monosaccharide groups, pentose-pentose disaccharide groups, hexose-hexose disaccharide groups, pentose-hexose disaccharide groups, and hexose-pentose disaccharide groups; and wherein at least one of X2 and X3 is a saccharide group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds represented by the structure I and pharmaceutical preparations thereof for the treatment of inflammatory diseases in humans and animals.

Abstract: The present invention herein provides a proliferation inhibitor of Helicobacter pylori comprising a compound that can simply be mass-produced, can specifically inhibit the proliferation of H. pylori, which has high safety and never generates any resistant bacteria, as well as a diet of a food or beverage, and a pharmaceutical preparation containing the proliferation inhibitor of Helicobacter pylori. The proliferation inhibitor of Helicobacter pylori comprises an alpha-N-acetyl-glucosaminyl bond-containing monosaccharide derivative represented by the following chemical formula (1) GlcNAc1-alpha-O-Y ??(1) (in the formula (1), Y is a straight-, branched- or cyclic-aliphatic hydrocarbon group having 1 to 27 carbon atoms or a straight-, branched- or cyclic-acyl group having 1 to 27 carbon atoms). The diet of the food, the beverage or the pharmaceutical preparation comprises the proliferation inhibitor of Helicobacter pylori.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel steroidal glycoside for management of rheumatic and inflammatory disease conditions. In addition, the present invention also provides a process for preparation of steroidal glycoside from plant fenugreek. Further, the invention also provides a pharmaceutical composition of the steroidal glycoside for management of rheumatic disease conditions and its associated disorders.

Abstract: A method for preparation of Timosaponin BII, which uses Chinese traditional medicine Rhizoma Anemarrhenae or fresh rhizoma or fibrous root of Anemarrhena asphodeloides Bge. as raw material, and comprises isolation of Timosaponin BII by one or more processes selected from solvent extraction, resin adsorption, polyamide chromatography, reversed phase column chromatography, Sephadex LH-20 column chromatography, etc, combining with conventional drying method such as reduced pressure drying, freeze drying, spray drying, and so on. Timosaponin BII obtained by the present method is of over 90% purity, and the method is simple, practicable and suitable for industrial production.

Abstract: A substance having the following formula is provided. wherein R1 and R2 are selected from a group consisting of ?-Ara, ?-Ara and ?-Xyl. The substance has an effect of accelerating a phagocytosis of RPE.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of known and novel compounds as inhibitors of UDP-GlcNAc:Gal?1,3GaINAc-R (GlcNAc to GalNAc) ?1,6-N-acetylglucosaminyl transferase (core 2 ?1,6 N-acetylaminotransferase, core 2 GlcNAc-T-EC 2.4.1.102). Such inhibitors have applications in therapy for diseases associates with raised activity of core 2 GlcNAc-T, in particular inflammatory diseases, atherosclerosis, diabetic cardiomyopathy, cancers—including treatment or prevention of metastasis—or diabetic retinopathy.

Abstract: Acaciaside-B (Ac-B) has emerged as a prospective candidate molecule for prevention of HIV infection along with potential for use as/in vaginal contraceptive/formulation. It possesses anti-HIV property at a tolerably low concentration, is non-mutagenic and does not harm the niche of Lactobacilli. Thus Ac-B appears to be a superior ingredient for formulations of a chemical barrier against HIV-1 infection wherein its spermicidal property is superfluous.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the chemical synthesis of solanum glycosides, in particular to the synthesis of solasonine as well as to novel ?-monosaccharide intermediate compounds, of Formula (2), where R1 is a benzylidene, 4-nitrobenzylidene or 4-methoxybenzylidine group, and each R2 independently is a benzoyl, acetyl or pivaloyl group:

Abstract: The invention relates inter alia to pharmaceutical compositions containing an extract obtainable from a plant of the genus Trichocaulon or Hoodia having anti-diabetic activity; and to the use of such extracts and to compound (1) as herein defined and its analogues for the manufacture of medicaments having anti-diabetic activity.

Abstract: A compound of formula (1): wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, ?-L-Rhamnopyranose, ?-D-Mannopyranose, ?-D-Xylopyranose, ?-D-Glucopyranose, and ?-D-Arabinopyranose; R2 is selected from CH3, COOH, CH2OH, COOCH3 and CH2O-?-D-Arabinopyranose; with the proviso that the compound of formula (I) is not a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 is ?-D-Glucopyranose and R2 is COOH; wherein R1 is ?-L-Rhamnopyranose and R2 is CH3; wherein R1 is ?-D-Glucopyranose and R2 is CH2OH; wherein R1 is ?-D-Xylopyranose and R2 is CH2OH; wherein R1 is ?-L-Rhamnopyranose and R2 is COOCH3, wherein R1 is H and R2 is CH3; wherein R1 is H and R2 is CH2OH; wherein R1 is H and R2 is COOH; or wherein R1 is H and R2 is COOCH3, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: Process for harvesting plants from the Apocynaceae family comprising the steps of: (a) removing the plants from the soil, (b) leaving the intact plants to cure for a period of at least 1 day, (c) cutting up the cured plants, (d) further drying the cut plants, to obtain dried plant material comprising the steroidal glycoside having the formula (2):

Abstract: The invention involves methods of regulating cell growth and division to control disease processes by manipulating mitochondrial metabolism and the expression of cell surface immune proteins. The invention also involves related compositions and screening assays.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds, compositions and methods that enhance the transfer of an agent into a cell. The agents can include polypeptides, polynucleotides such as genes and antisense nucleic acids, and other molecules. In some embodiments, the agents are modulating agents that can modulate a cellular activity or function when introduced into the cell. The compounds, compositions and methods are useful for introducing agents such as genes into individual cells, as well as cells that are present as a tissue or organ.

Abstract: Processes for the production of Hoodia plant extracts with a high content of steroidal glycosides and for minimizing heavy metal and/or polyaromatic hydrocarbon content in Hoodia extracts.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to differentially protected glycosyl phosphates. Another aspect of the present invention relates to the preparation of glycosyl phosphates from glycal precursors. In another aspect of the present invention, glycosyl phosphates are used as glycosyl donors in glycosylation reactions.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel saponin tigogenin penta glycoside isolated from the aerial parts of Chlorophytum nimonii and a process for the isolation thereof as well as its use in anti-hyperglycemic and hypolipidemic activities.

Abstract: A new isoform of manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD) and polynucleotides encoding it have been identified. This isoform, MnSOD E3(?), is a splice variant lacking exon 3 of the full length MnSOD. The polypeptide can be expressed using appropriate host cells. Modulation of either the expression of the polynucleotides of the activity of the polypeptide is also described. Furthermore, diagnostic and therapeutic methods have been developed as a consequence of the isolation of the polynucleotides and polypeptides.

Abstract: The present invention relates (a) to new compounds represented by Formula I: wherein M represents a macrolide subunit (macrolide moiety) derived from macrolide possessing the property of accumulation in inflammatory cells, S represents a steroid subunit (steroid moiety) derived from steroid drug with anti-inflammatory activity and L represents a linker molecule linking M and S, (b) to their pharmacologically acceptable salts, prodrugs and solvates, (c) to processes and intermediates for their preparation, and (d) to their use in the treatment of inflammatory diseases and conditions in humans and animals. Such compounds inhibit many cytokines and immune mediators involved in immune responses which cause inflammation, allergy, or alloimmunity, including without limitation IL-1, 2, 4, 5, 6, 10, 12, GMCSF, ICAM, and TNF-?. Importantly, anti-inflammatory steroids exert a direct anti-inflammatory effect through binding to the glucocorticosteroid receptor.

Abstract: The invention relates inter alia to pharmaceutical compositions containing an extract obtainable from a plant of the genus Trichocaulon or Hoodia having anti-diabetic activity; and to the use of such extracts and to compound (1) as herein defined and its analogues for the manufacture of medicaments having anti-diabetic activity.

Abstract: Highly safe cytokine production inhibitors, agents for protecting and promoting liver function, anti-inflammatory agents and immunosuppressants. Brazilian licorice extract and periandrins, which are constituents thereof, have excellent characteristics of showing effects of inhibiting cytokine production and protecting and promoting liver function, an anti-inflammatory effect and an immunosuppressive effect without any harmful side effects. Thus use of Brazilian licorice extract or periandrins as cytokine production inhibitors makes it possible to inhibit inflammations in various diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis. These substances are also usable as agents for protecting and promoting liver function, anti-inflammatory agents and immunosuppressants. Moreover, foods, cosmetics, sweeteners and food materials containing Brazilian licorice extract exert the effects as described above.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention there is provided a method for the separation of a triglycoalkaloid in which the triglycoside portion comprises ?-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1?2gal)-O-?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?3gal)-?-D-galactopyranose (or 6-deoxy-?-L-mannopyranosyl-(1?2)-O-[?-D-glucopyranosyl-(1?3)]-?-D-galactopyranoside) (‘an rhamnose-glucose-galactose triglycoalkaloid’) from a triglycoalkaloid in which the triglycoside portion is ?-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1?2glu)-O-?-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1?4glu)-?-D-glucopyranose (‘a rhamnose-rhamnose-glucose triglycoalkaloid’) in a mixture containing both, the method comprising the steps of: Combining the mixture with a portion of alcoholic solvent; Causing or allowing a substantial portion of the rhamnose-rhamnose-glucose triglycoalkaloid to dissolve, thereby generating an alcoholic solution substantially of the rhamnose-rhamnose-glucose triglycoalkaloid, and a solid substantially comprising the rhamnose-glucose-galactose triglycoalkaloid; and Separating the solid substantially com

Abstract: Androgen glycosides provide free, circulatory androgen on oral administration as they are subject to less, first pass breakdown by the liver.

Abstract: This invention discloses a compound (I) of the following formula. This invention also includes a method for extracting the compound (I), and a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound (I). The extracting method includes the following steps: taking the corpus radicis and/or radix fibrosa of a ginseng spp. plant—ginseng or pseudo-ginseng, extracting with industrial alcohol and n-butanol to extract the total saponins, and then purifying by silicon gel column chromatography and reversed phase column chromatography to obtain the compound (I). The compound (I) and pharmaceutical composition can be used to cure acute ischemic cerebral-vascular diseases.

Abstract: This invention relates to a group of novel sapogenins, their use in anti-cancer applications, and to a process for their production. More particularly, this invention pertains to a novel group of dammarane sapogenins, PAM-120, PBM-110 and PBM-100 (the dammarance sapogenine structure is specifically clean of any sugar moieties (glycons) at any position and hydroxyl at C-20) and PAN-20 and PAN-30 (the dammarance sapogenin structure has sugar moieties but is free of hydroxyl at C-20), obtained by chemical cleavage of dammarane saponins. The invention also includes a novel application of the said sapogenins for anti-cancer treatment by using them separately or together, and/or jointly with other drugs, as well as to the process of producing these novel sapogenins. Said novel dammarane sapogenins show surprising anti-cancer effect when applied, particularly against multi-drug resistant cancers.

Abstract: The process entails increasing the concentration of cyclodextrin to 15% (w/w) and above to form complexes through a precipitation process in order to increase the yield of complexes, increase the amount of guest complexed, and decrease the particle size of the complex.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel adjuvant compositions, which target the cellular and/or humoral arms of immunity. According to an embodiment of the invention, an oil-in-water adjuvant composition is provided that comprises: (a) water; (b) a metabolizable oil comprising at least one branched or unbranched long-chain hydrocarbon moiety; (c) a steroid; and (d) a saponin.

Abstract: A novel mammalian dihydroouabain-like factor is disclosed which substantially fails to cross-react with mammalian ouabain-like factor (OLF) for binding to anti-OLF antibody, but cross-reacts with plant-related dihydroouabain (dho) for binding to anti-dho antibody, has maximal u.v. absorbance at 196 nm, has a non-peptidic, non-lipidic chemical structure and a fully hydrogenated lactone ring, has a concentration-dependent Na+,K+-ATPase (sodium pump) catalytic inhibitory activity which is 10-fold lower than OLF and 3-fold higher than plant-related dihydroouabain, and a high pressure liquid chromatography elution time about the same as dho. This factor is useful for therapy for congestive heart failure. An antibody and antibody fragments having affinity for mammalian Dh-OLF but not for OLF, and diagnostic and therapeutic methods comprise the antibody and means for quantifying the antibody and are useful for treating a condition caused by high level of OLF or Dh-OLF.

Abstract: This invention relates to new Gymnemic acid derivatives, their preparation, pharmaceutical composition or extract which contains them, and their medical use, especially the use in the prevention or treatment of the diseases associated with hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and platelets aggregation.

Abstract: The present application relates to the reduction of gastric acid secretion in animals including humans; to methods of treating conditions or disorders associated with or exacerbated by gastric acid secretion; to pharmaceutical compositions useful in carrying out such methods; and to the use of certain extracts and compounds in the treatment of human and non-human animals, generally mammals.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel estrogenic compounds. The present invention also relates to methods of treating estrogen deprivation in a subject comprising administering novel estrogenic compounds. Additionally, the present invention relates to methods of synthesizing novel estrogenic compounds.

Abstract: A method of treating polycystic kidney disease is described. The method involves administering soyasaponin Bb to an animal in need thereof.

Abstract: The subject invention provides novel compositions of biologically active glycosylated pregnene compounds which can advantageously be used for treating cancer and stopping cell proliferation.

Abstract: A process for preparing compounds of formula (1): including the convergent steps as defined in the specification, and wherein R groups have any of the values defined in the specification. The invention also provides processes and intermediates useful for preparing compounds of formula (1).

Abstract: The invention provides compositions comprising formula 1 steroids, e.g., 16&agr;-bromo-3&bgr;-hydroxy-5&agr;-androstan-17-one hemihydrate and one or more excipients, typically wherein the composition comprises less than about 3% water. The compositions are useful to make improved pharmaceutical formulations. The invention also provides methods of intermittent dosing of steroid compounds such as analogs of 16&agr;-bromo-3&bgr;-hydroxy-5&agr;-androstan-17-one and compositions useful in such dosing regimens. The invention further provides compositions and methods to inhibit pathogen (viral) replication, ameliorate symptoms associated with immune dysregulation and to modulate immune responses in a subject using certain steroids and steroid analogs. The invention also provides methods to make and use these immunomodulatory compositions and formulations.

Abstract: The present invention provides a compound capable of acting as a cationic lipid, the compound comprises a cholesterol group and a carbohydrate moiety.

Abstract: Novel analogs of fusidic acid are described with one or more carbohydrate units attached. Certain glycosylated analogs of fusidic acid have enhanced solubility properties in diluents or excipient of choice as compared to unmodified fusidic acid. Certain glycosylated analogs may be employed as chemotherapeutic agents and particular analogs may be useful for fighting anti-microbial infections.

Abstract: A method and composition for treating a host infected with flavivirus or pestivirus comprising administering an effective flavivirus or pestivirus treatment amount of a described 1′, 2′ or 3′-modified nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates (a) to new compounds represented by Formula I: 1

Abstract: A compound, method and composition for treating a host infected with a hepatitis C viral comprising administering an effective hepatitis C treatment amount of a described 4′-disubstituted nucleoside or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt or prodrug thereof, is provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the isolation of a novel oligospirostanoside structurally constructed as 3-0-[&agr;-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-&agr;-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-0-&bgr;-D-glucopyranosyl]-25(S)-5&bgr; spirostan-3&bgr;-ol isolated from Asparagus racemosus and biologically evaluated as a potent immunomodulatory agent.

Abstract: Androgen glycosides provide free, circulatory androgen on oral administration as they are subject to less, first pass breakdown by the liver.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel oligospirostanoside having the structure 3-0-[&agr;-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→2)-&agr;-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1→4)-0-&bgr;-D-glucopyranosyl]-25(S)-5&bgr;-spirostan-3&bgr;-ol isolated from Asparagus racemosus and to a pharmaceutical composition containing the novel oligospirostanoside and to a method for immunomodulation using said oligospirostanoside by administering a pharmaceutically effective amount of said novel oligospirostanoside.

Abstract: There is provided a compound comprising a steroidal ring system and a group R1 selected from any one of a sulphamate group, a phosphonate group, a thiophosphonate group, a sulphonate group or a sulphonamide group; wherein the D ring of the steroidal ring system is substituted by a group R2 of the formula —L—R3, wherein L is an optional linker group and R3 is an aromatic hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: Androgen glycosides provide free, circulatory androgen on oral administration as they are subject to less, first pass breakdown by the liver.

Abstract: The invention provides compositions and methods for isolating ligand binding polypeptides for a user-specified ligand, and for isolating small molecule ligands for a user-specified target polypeptide using an improved class of hybrid ligand compounds.

Abstract: This invention discloses a compound (I) of the following formula. This invention also includes a method for extracting the compound (I), and a pharmaceutical composition containing the compound (I). The extracting method includes the following steps: taking the corpus radicis and/or radix fibrosa of a ginseng spp. plant—ginseng or pseudo-ginseng, extracting with industrial alcohol and n-butanol to extract the total saponins, and then purifying by silicon gel column chromatography and reversed phase column chromatography to obtain the compound (I). The compound (I) and pharmaceutical composition can be used to cure acute ischemic cerebral-vascular diseases.