Abstract: A drilling fluid composition comprising a base fluid, and a shale inhibitor including an ultra-high molecular weight branched block copolymer having the following structure, where monomer A is an anionic monomer, monomer B is a hydrophilic monomer, monomer C is an anionic monomer, monomer D is a crosslinker-divinyl monomer, and —SSCZ ground being a terminal RAFT agent.

Abstract: A drilling fluid composition comprising a base fluid, and a drag reducing agent including an ultra-high molecular weight branched block copolymer having the following structure, where monomer A is an anionic monomer, monomer B is a hydrophilic monomer, monomer C is an anionic monomer, monomer D is a crosslinker-divinyl monomer, and -SSCZ ground being a terminal RAFT agent.

Abstract: A processing liquid composition of the present disclosure subjected to textile printing and which is used by being attached to a fabric including fibers having a hydroxyl group, includes an oxazoline group-containing polymer and an aromatic carboxylic acid. An oxazoline value of the oxazoline group-containing polymer is preferably 100 or more and 600 or less.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for producing carboxymethylated cellulose, the method making it possible to economically obtain a high-transparency cellulose nanofiber dispersion. In the carboxymethylation of cellulose, mercerization is carried out in a solvent comprising mainly water, and then carboxymethylation is carried out in a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent. A nanofiber dispersion of high-transparency carboxymethylated cellulose can be obtained by defibrating the resulting carboxymethylated cellulose.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel method for producing carboxymethylated cellulose, the method making it possible to economically obtain a high-transparency cellulose nanofiber dispersion. In the carboxymethylation of cellulose, mercerization is carried out in a solvent comprising mainly water, and then carboxymethylation is carried out in a mixed solvent of water and an organic solvent. A nanofiber dispersion of high-transparency carboxymethylated cellulose can be obtained by defibrating the resulting carboxymethylated cellulose.

Abstract: A surfactant treated bleached softwood kraft pulp fiber, useful as a starting material in the production of cellulose derivatives including cellulose ether, cellulose esters and viscose, is disclosed. Methods for making the kraft pulp fiber and products made from it are also described.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of viscose comprises the steps of: a) providing a non-dissolving pulp as a raw material; b) steeping the pulp in caustic solution; c) processing the steeped pulp; d) steeping the processed steeped pulp for a second time in caustic solution; and e) further processing the pulp from step d) to form a viscose solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a dissolving pulp from a cellulosic starting material using the kraft process, comprising the step of cooking the starting material with a cooking liquor. The process according to the invention characterized in that the starting material is exposed to a steam treatment prior to cooking and that the pulp obtained by cooking is subjected to cold caustic extraction (CCE) in the course of further processing.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing silicate-containing fiber, wherein silicon dioxide is added to viscose manufactured of cellulose, and the formed mixture of viscose and silicon dioxide is directed via nozzles to a regeneration solution, to which silicate is added.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a dissolving pulp from a cellulosic starting material using the kraft process, comprising the step of cooking the starting material with a cooking liquor. The process according to the invention characterized in that the starting material is exposed to a steam treatment prior to cooking and that the pulp obtained by cooking is subjected to cold caustic extraction (CCE) in the course of further processing.

Abstract: In the manufacture of viscose, and an elongate cellulose member such as standard viscose rayon fibre, with reduced alkali ratio from dissolving-grade cellulose such as wood pulp by irradiation with a high energy beam at a dose of 1-30 kGy, steeping in aqueous sodium hydroxide, pressing to form alkali cellulose, xanthating to form cellulose xanthate, dissolving in aqueous liquor to form viscose and (when elongate cellulose members are required) extruding through a die into an acid bath for coagulation and regeneration to form an elongate cellulose member which is then washed and dried, viscose filtration can be improved by including in the dissolving liquor for the cellulose xanthate an amount of from 200 to 10000 ppm by weight of a salt which consists of alkali metal or ammonium cations and anions of a strong acid.

Abstract: Cellulosic fibrids can be made by mixing together under turbulent conditions viscose and a coagulating and regenerating liquor containing preformed fibrids to form a suspension of fibrids in a spent liquor, and collecting the fibrids from the spent liquor.

Abstract: Methods of preparing cellulose materials, which methods comprise (a) reacting a cellulosic material with a first basic component to form alkli cellulose; (b) reacting the alkali cellulose with carbon disulfide and a second basic component to form a cellulose xanthate solution; and (c) extruding the cellulose xanthate into an aqueous coagulation bath; wherein a reaction product of an epoxide of the general formula (I): wherein R1 represents a linear or branched aliphatic alkyl group having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, and an amine compound of the general formula (II): wherein R2 and R3 each independently represent a substituent selected from the group consisting of —CnH2n—O)m—H, alkyl groups having from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, and hydrogen, wherein n represents 2 or 3 and m represents a number of from about 1 to about 20; is present in at least one of the cellulose xanthate solution and the aqueous coagulation bath, are described.

Abstract: A process for producing viscose wherein the caustic soda used previously in the alkalization of electron-untreated cellulose can be used in the alkalization of electron-treated cellulosic material, provided the level of dispersed solids in the caustic soda does not exceed 0.16 g/l.

Abstract: A zwitterionic monomer having amino-multicarboxylic acid functionality having Structure (I) wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of H, an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R2 is (CH2)n where n is 2 to 12; R3 and R4 are independently an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R5 is (CH2)m where m is 2 or 3; R6 and R7 are independently selected from wherein R20 is selected from the group consisting of H, CH3, and COOY; R21 is selected from H or CH3; X is oxygen or nitrogen; A is a halide; and Y is independently a cation. The zwitterionic monomer is the reaction product of an amino-multicarboxylic acid and an amine containing monomer.

Abstract: A method of reducing color and polymerization decay of cellulose viscose includes the step of permeating a 1,3-phenylene-bis 2-oxazoline as a polymerization anti-decay additive during dissolving a cellulose in water and a solvent to form a cellulose viscose, so as to reduce the color and the polymerization decay of the cellulose viscose.

Abstract: A composition containing cellulose formate and a solvent system. At a temperature at least equal to a value T.sub.f the composition is a solution, and at a temperature appreciably less than T.sub.f the composition is an elastic, thermoreversible gel.A process for preparing a regenerated cellulose article by the transformation of this composition. Gel spinning in order to obtain a fiber or a film. A regenerated cellulose fiber having an excellent resistance to fibrillation in particular, wherein the said fiber may be a monofilament fiber.These fibers or these films may be used in textile applications or in technical applications, for example for reinforcing other articles, particularly tires.

Abstract: Foaming shampoo compositions which contain no anionic surfactant and are mild to the skin and eyes are comprised of alkyl polyglycosides, betaines, and polymeric slip agents.

Abstract: Mineral acid slurries of benzidine derivatives having high stability are provided by incorporating into such slurries a polysaccharide.

Abstract: A process for the production of rayon fibers. The viscose solution is spun into a spinbath which is acidic in character but has no zinc salt like conventional baths. The spin bath contains sulphuric acid, aluminum sulphate and sodium sulphate. The spinning is at temperatures of 35.degree.-60.degree. C. Usual stretching and post spinning operations are carried out as necessary. The regenerated cellulose fibers obtained are of novel cross-sections, namely of `c` cross section not achieved ever before. The fibers exhibit increased luster and softness.

Abstract: Partially esterified oligosaccharides and polysaccharides (PEPs) of the formula [P--O--R).sub.x ].sub.n, where P is a polysaccharide having n=3-50 (preferably 3-10) C.sub.4 -C.sub.8 saccharide units, y is 0-4 (preferably 1 or 2), R is H or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.28 acyl group, and x is the degree of esterification ranging from 1-80 percent. The PEPs are used as indigestible fat substitutes (fat mimetics). They have non-caloric food values, with good organoleptic characteristics, are substantially resistant to intestinal absorption and do not appreciably hydrolyze in the digestive tract. Suitable polysaccharides are preferably selected from xanthan gum, guar gum, gum arabic, aliginates, cellulose hydrolysis products, hydroxypropyl cellulose, starch hydrolysis products, casein, Karaya gum and pectin. C.sub.5 and C.sub.6 oligosaccharides of n=3-10 units are preferred. The polysaccharides are transesterified with fatty acid methyl esters to create PEPs of a degree of esterification determined for each polysaccharide.

Abstract: A method for enhancing angiogenesis and/or blood vascular perfusion in mammals by administering a pharmacologically effective amount of specific angiogenically active non-ionic, anionic, cationic and zwitterionic amphiphilic compounds. An angiogenically effective amount of the angiogenically active compound digitonin is in the range of at least 1.25 microgram to at least 200 microgram of digitonin. The range including enhancement of vascular perfusion is up to 50 mg of digitonin.

Abstract: A biocompatible hydrophilic material is based on purified cellulose, from which material all or the majority of the water has been removed and which has a modulable potential for water recovery of up to an amount of water of approximately 60%. The material can be used for the production of fitting sheaths for articulated prostheses.

Abstract: A process for producing fine cellulose particles, which comprises(1) mixing viscose with a water-soluble anionic polymeric compound or polyethylene glycol or its derivative to form a dispersion of fine particles of viscose,(2) (i) heating the dispersion or mixing it with a coagulating agent to thereby coagulate the viscose in the dispersion, and thereafter neutralizing it with an acid to form fine particles of cellulose, or (ii) coagulating and neutralizing the dispersion with an acid to form fine particles of cellulose, and(3) thereafter, separating the fine particles of cellulose from the motor liquor. The fine cellulose particles(a) are composed substantially of II-type cellulose,(b) have a crystallinity, of 5 to 35% by weight,(c) are composed substantially of particles of not more than 20 micrometers, and(d) have a sharp particle size distribution.

Abstract: A viscose rayon filament yarn excellent in resistance to deterioration with time and uniform in boiling water shrinkage factor in the longitudinal direction of yarn which has been produced by a continuous spinning process characterized by spinning out a viscose having a sulfur content of sulfur oxides and polysulfides of 0.55% by weight or less based on the weight of cellulose, then allowing the yarn to stand for a time period defined by the following equation and then washing it with water and drying it:7.5D.sub.M +15.ltoreq.T.sub.s .ltoreq.10D.sub.M +25wherein D.sub.M is denier of the monofilament constituting the rayon filament yarn to be spun and T.sub.s, expressed in second, is the standing time of the viscose filament spun.

Abstract: Cellulose derivatives having a controlled molecular weight are prepared by adjusting oxygen concentration as measured by analyzing the quantity of oxygen in the head space of the reaction vessel to a level such that the cellulose derivative prepared therein has a desired solution viscosity. The cellulose derivative is then prepared in the reaction vessel without substantially increasing the quantity of oxygen in said reaction vessel.

Abstract: A process for the production of an acceptably filterable viscose from cellulose whereby cellulose is treated with an aqueous solution containing 13 to 16 weight percent NaOH, peroxide aged, xanthated and dissolved in dilute aqueous NaOH.

Abstract: A direct process for converting cellulose into alkali cellulose for subsequent production of a filterable viscose by combining particles of cellulose with the largest 1% of the particles having a minimum size Y of less than 600 microns and the bulk density X of the particles being greater than 0.2 g/cm.sup.3 such that the relationship between X and Y is defined by the equation Y-760X.ltoreq.50; and 125 g to 240 g of 20-40% aqueous NaOH for each 100 g of cellulose for at least 4 minutes at 15.degree.-60.degree. C.

Abstract: A process for the xanthation of alkali-cellulose comprises the reaction of he alkali-cellulose with CS.sub.2 in excess with respect to the desired xanthate substitution degree at a pressure which increases from the initial 110 mm Hg to about 400-500 mm Hg and at a temperature increasing from about 21.degree. C. to about 23.degree.-25.degree. C. The unreacted CS.sub.2 is removed from the reactor, once the desired xanthate substitution degree is reached, by application of a vacuum. This viscose rayon continuous spinning process eliminates the need for the usual desulphuration phase for decreasing the sulphur content and for bleaching the product. The viscose obtained has reduced content of compounds capable of forming elementary sulphur. The regenerated cellulose yarn has improved characteristics as to the sulphur content and degree of whiteness.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the manufacture of viscoses from hemicellulose-containing cellulose pulps without requiring dialysis equipment. By addition of substances having a cross-linking or blocking action on the active groups of hemicellulose to the pulp before or during steeping it is possible to reduce the use of NaOH and CS.sub.2 in the manufacture of viscoses.The viscoses so obtained are distinguished by good filterability and low content of compounds causing formation of H.sub.2 S in the spinning process.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for improving the solution state (filterability) of viscoses, wherein mashing of the alkali cellulose-xanthate with dilute sodium hydroxide solution or water and/or dissolving of the xanthate by agitation, disintegration or pump circulation etc. is carried out under an overpressure of from about 1 to 30 bar.

Abstract: A process for the continuous filtration and aging of a viscose solution comprising xanthated alkali cellulose (XAC) is described wherein the XAC is continuously passed in a downstream direction through a series of aging tanks and a series of filter means. The aging tanks are so designed and arranged that the viscose solution is never partitioned into batches, as necessitated by common manufacturing systems, but constitutes a continuous, uninterrupted stream throughout aging filtration, deaeration and spinning. The filter means, standard plate and frame filters, are designed and installed in such a manner that the number of filter changes, or redressings, are substantially reduced in the aggregate, without increasing the number of filters now used in a standard plant, or sacrificing viscose quality. This results in less process interruption, loss of product, and less potential environmental pollution.

Abstract: Process for manufacturing viscose solutions having good filterability and producing low amounts of sulfide gases during subsequent spinning; said process comprising treating cellulose with a first alkali metal hydroxide solution in a first alkalization step, freeing the alkalized cellulose from at least part of the excess hydroxide solution without pressing-off, and treating the cellulose with a second alkali metal hydroxide solution in a second alkalization step while maintaining the temperature of the reaction mixture at not more than 18.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process and apparatus for the manufacture of viscose products which includes a motor means having a constant torque in the viscose during ripening wherein the resistance on said motor means changes as the viscose ripens because of the change in viscosity and the temperature is adjusted in response to said change in viscosity to heat or cool the viscose, and thereby control its rate of aging.

Abstract: The disadvantages stemming from a high content of hemicellulose in recirculated sodium hydroxide solutions used for the mercerization of cellulose in the preparation of viscose are reduced or eliminated by subjecting at least a part of the spent sodium hydroxide solution to an ultrafiltration process to remove part or all of the hemicellulose therein. The filtered sodium hydroxide liquor is supplied with make-up sodium hydroxide and is returned to the mercerization step.

Abstract: Regenerated cellulose products containing formaldehyde cross linked sodium lignate or sodium lignosulfonate in an amount of from about 1% to about 40% by weight based on the weight of the cellulose in the product are prepared by mixing one of the cross linked lignin derivatives or a mixture thereof substantially uniformly in a viscose solution and extending the solution into a spin bath in which the extruded viscose streams coagulate into filaments containing the cross linked lignin derivative. The extended regenerated product may be used as a fiber in absorbent cellulose products such as diapers, sanitary napkins, tampons and the like.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of viscose by adding to cellulose pulp, manufactured by alkali cooking without prehydrolysis or by acid cooking without alkali extraction, steeping lye and an organic compound, steeping the pulp to form alkali cellulose, aging the alkali cellulose, xanthating the aged alkali cellulose with carbon disulfide to obtain cellulose xanthate and dissolving the cellulose xanthate to obtain viscose.

Abstract: A continuous feed of alkali cellulose (AKC) is partially xanthated, and then dissolved and further xanthated to form a viscose solution, while passing continuously through a series of connected reactors and slurry vessels, wherein slurries of carbon disulfide (CS.sub.2) and alkali metal hydroxide are maintained. The AKC feed to the system may be shredded crumbs from any standard alkali cellulose system, to shredded crumbs from a continuous sheet steeping mercerization system. A portion of the xanthate AKC (cellulose xanthate) may be recycled to the various slurry vessels or zones.

Abstract: A method for recycling regenerated cellulose scrap such as uncoated cellophane and rayon produced in the viscose process. The regenerated cellulose scrap is first shredded into relatively small flakes and then emulsion-xanthated at a temperature ranging from 18.degree. to 30.degree. C. in an aqueous solution of sodium hydroxide and carbon disulfide. The amount of regenerated cellulose scrap added to the solution is controlled to maintain the total cellulose concentration at from 3 to 5% by weight of the solution. At least 38% by weight carbon disulfide based on the weight of the cellulose is used in the solution and the solution is made up to contain from about 10.3 to 11.3% by weight sodium hydroxide based on the weight of the solution so that sufficient sodium hydroxide is present to give about 9.5 to 10.5% by weight in the resulting scrap viscose.

Abstract: A solution of cellulose or cellulose derivative suitable for spinning, extruding or other shaping process is prepared by steeping unaged cellulose or a cellulosic derivative a plurality of times, consecutively, subsequently shredding and then aging prior to xanthation or the like. The concentration of alkali metal hydroxide of the solution used for resteeping is lower than that in the first steeping step. The process produces a viscose with less carbon disulfide than the conventional process without reduction in yield of cellulose. The process is adaptable for steeping in conventional press steeping apparatus or slurry steeping apparatus.

Abstract: Waste raw uncoated and/or coated (such as saran, nitrocellulose and vinyl) regenerated cellulose film is treated to recover its plasticizer and cellulose components for recycling in the manufacture of regenerated cellulose film. The platicizer is first recovered from comminuted waste film particles via extraction with water. The moist comminuted film particles are then converted to viscose, from which coating solids, if any, are removed. The viscose is thereafter employed in the manufacture of regenerated cellulose film.

Abstract: A process for producing fire retardant phosphonitrilate polymers by reacting phosphonitrilic halide with a hydroxyl compound such as an aliphatic or aromatic alcohol at not more than about 40.degree. C in the presence of an acid acceptor, such as pyridine, under conditions such that a relatively low concentration of the hydroxyl compound is present during the initial 1/2 to 3 hours of the reaction and the reaction conditions are maintained at from 20.degree.-50.degree. C for a period of 1/2 to 120 hours and, optionally, further heating the reaction mixture to a temperature of 40.degree.-80.degree. C for 1/2 to 81/2 hours. The phosphonitrilate polymers are suitable for fire retarding cellulosic materials such as regenerated cellulose, rayon and the like.

Abstract: The amount of oxygen present during the continuous xanthation of alkali cellulose with carbon disulfide is narrowly controlled by continuously purging the alkali cellulose with nitrogen prior to entry of the alkali cellulose into the xanthator. Preferably, the nitrogen is metered into the alkali cellulose near the bottom of the feeder hopper before being fed into the xanthator, thereby allowing air entrained therein to be displaced by the nitrogen as it transfuses through the alkali cellulose.

Abstract: The composition proposed in the present invention is a cellulose gel consisting of no less than 13 wt.% of hemicelluloses in an aqueous solution of a compound selected from the group consisting of carbamide, thiocarbamide, alkyl-substituted thiocarbamide derivatives, sodium thiocyanate, sodium iodide, sodium perchlorate and mixture thereof.According to the invention, said composition is subjected to beating in an aqueous solution of said compound to a beating degree of 0-1 units by the Canadian standard.The present invention allows the elimination of neutralization and washing from the technological process of producing paper or non-woven material thus reducing considerably the duration of the technological cycle. The ultimate breaking strength for the end product is increased by 30% and the bursting strength of 20-30%.

Abstract: A continuous feed of alkali cellulose (AKC) is partially xanthated, and then dissolved and further xanthated to form a viscose solution, while passing continuously through a series of connected reactors and slurry vessels, wherein slurries of carbon disulfide (CS.sub.2) and alkali metal hydroxide are maintained. The AKC feed to the system may be shredded crumbs from any standard alkali cellulose system, or shredded crumbs from a continuous sheet steeping mercerization system. A portion of the xanthate AKC (cellulose xanthate) may be recycled to the various slurry vessels or zones.