Abstract: Tape joint cement compositions suitable for use with wallboard are disclosed wherein at least one hydroxypropylhydroxyethylcellulose having specified substitution levels is employed as the water retention aid and thickener. Blends of hydroxypropylhydroxyethylcellulose with (a) at least one cellulose ether, such as, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, methylcellulose, methylhydroxyethylcellulose, and methylhydroxypropylcellulose or (b) a hydroxyalkylguar, such as hydroxypropylguar and hydroxyethylguar are also disclosed.

Abstract: The process for preparing mixed cellulose ethers proceeds in the following steps:(a) alkalizing of the cellulose,(b) etherifying of the alkali cellulose in the presence of a base by using at least one etherifying agent which requires, for the reaction with cellulose, a catalytic and sub-stoichiometric quantity of a base, and(c) increasing the quantity of base, and(d) etherifying the cellulose ether so prepared by using at least one etherifying agent which requires, for the reaction with cellulose, an at least stoichiometric quantity of a base or a catalytic and substoichiometric quantity of a base, increased over the quantity used in (a),with at least one inert organic solvent being used as a dispersing auxiliary in at least one of the steps and water being present in all steps, wherein mixed etherification leads to a water-soluble product and dimethoxyethane, an alkanol, an alkanediol and/or an alkoxyalkanol are used as the organic solvents.

Abstract: A process for preparing carboxymethyl ethyl cellulose (CMEC) suitable for enteric coating which comprises (1) adding an alkali metal hydroxide and water to a substantially water-immiscible organic solvent dispersion of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and reacting CMC with an ethyl halide in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst, (2) dissolving the produced CMEC in an aqueous solution of a basic compound selected from the group consisting of ammonia, a water-soluble amine and an alkali metal hydroxide and subjecting the resulting solution to depolymerization in the presence of a peroxide, (3) neutralizing the resulting basic reaction mixture with an acidic substance in the presence of a lower alkyl alcohol or acetone to form a hydrogel of the depolymerized CMEC, subjecting the hydrogel to dehydration with agitation, isolating the depolymerized CMEC and washing with water, and (4) drying the wet depolymerized CMEC without pulverization or after pulverizing in the wet state to particles having an average parti

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for preparing water-soluble sodium carboxymethyl cellulose (NaCMC), including mixed ethers of NaCMC, by etherifying cellulose with alkyl monochloroacetates in an aqueous-alkaline dispersion containing at least one organic solvent. In the process, cellulose is first alkalized in an aqueous-alkaline dispersion, which optionally already contains the organic solvent. Subsequently, the alkali cellulose is reacted essentially with an alkyl monochloroacetate as the etherifying agent, in the presence of the organic solvent.

Abstract: A process for the production of water-soluble hydroxyalkyl methyl cellulose by the alkalization of the cellulose with sodium hydroxide and by subsequent etherification with alkylene oxide in an inert solvent, characterized in that before etherification, the alkali content of the aqueous alkali cellulose is reduced to 0.3-0.8 mols of NaOH/mol of cellulose by washing out with a suitable, known solvent (mixture), and is then etherified with an alkylene oxide in the liquid phase.

Abstract: A process for the production of carboxyalkyl celluloses having an average degree of substitution of at least 1.0. The process comprises up to 3 stages, but without any intermediate purification. The preferred suspension medium is isopropanol. In each stage of the process, the carboxyalkylating agent is used in quantities of less than 2.5 moles per mole of anhydroglucose unit and the alkylating agent in quantities of less than 5 moles per mole of anhydroglucose unit. The total water content of the system throughout the reaction as a whole must not exceed 450% by weight, based on the quantity by weight of cellulose used. Water contents of from 80 to 250% by weight are preferred.

Abstract: Higher reaction efficiencies are seen in cellulose etherification reactions when the reagents are continuously added to alkali cellulose at elevated temperatures. In particular, mixed hydroxyalkylcellulose ethers are prepared with higher reaction efficiencies using this process. In an especially preferred embodiment, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is prepared by continuously adding propylene oxide to heated cellulose containing a small amount of caustic, adding more caustic and then continuously adding methyl chloride at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: Mixed hydroxyalkyl cellulose ethers are prepared in a multi-stage etherification process, for example, hydroxyethylmethylcellulose is prepared by reacting alkali cellulose sequentially with ethylene oxide, methyl chloride, ethylene oxide and methyl chloride to form a product having uniform substitution. Products made by this process have improved solubility and other properties.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cellulose ether having at least one phosphorus-containing substituent or a mixed ether of said cellulose ether having in addition at least one phosphorus-free substituent comprising alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, sulfonoalkyl, aminoalkyl, or diaminoalkyl, wherein the phosphorus-containing substituent(s) comprise(s) groups of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are OX; or R.sup.1 is OX and R.sup.2 is OY; or R.sup.1 is OX and R.sup.2 is (CH.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.3 ; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are (CH.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.3 ; or R.sup.1 is (CH.sub.2).sub.n --CH.sub.3 and R.sup.2 is (CH.sub.2).sub.p --CH.sub.3, whereinX,Y are identical or different and comprise a hydrogen atom or a monovalent cation;m is an integer from 1 to 4; andn,p are identical or different and are 0 or 1; with the proviso that when m is 1 or 2, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may not be OX and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 may not be OX and OY, respectively. Also disclosed is a process for producing these cellulose ether products.

Abstract: A process for the purification of cold-water soluble cellulose ethers containing alkali metal halides consisting essentially of suspending a cold-water-soluble cellulose ether crude reaction product containing 25% by weight or more of alkali metal halides, based on the dry weight, in an aqueous solution containing from 4% to about 25% by weight of one or more water-soluble salts of acids selected from the group consisting of polybasic inorganic acids and organic polycarboxylic acids with agitation at a temperature of from 10.degree. C. to 50.degree. C., separating the purified cellulose ether solids and optionally repeating the suspending and separating steps one or more times. The resulting material can be employed in washing and cleansing composition slurries for spray-drying. The process is especially suitable for the treatment of methyl cellulose or water-soluble mixed ethers of methyl or ethyl cellulose with a sodium sulfate solution.

Abstract: Disclosed are water-soluble cellulose mixed ethers which contain (a) at least one substituent from the group comprising alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, carboxyalkyl, sulfoalkyl and dialkylaminoalkyl and (b) a phosphonomethyl substituent and which has a DS of the first substituent(s) other than hydroxyalkyl from about 0.05 to 2.95 and/or an MS.sub.HAlk from about 0.5 to 6 and a DS.sub.PM from about 0.005 to 0.8. Also disclosed is a process for preparing such cellulose mixed ethers in which, per mole of the cellulose, from about 0.1 to 25 moles of the etherifying agent(s) for producing the substituent(s) under (a), from about 0.05 to 2 moles of halogenomethane phosphonate ions as the etherifying agent for producing the substituent under (b) and from about 0.8 to 12 moles of hydroxide ions are caused to react in a reaction mixture comprising up to about 30 parts by weight, per part by weight of the cellulose, of a mixture which is composed of an inert, preferably water-miscible organic solvent and H.sub.

Abstract: Solubilized cellulosic material is modified through a condensation reaction with organotin halides. The modified products exhibit lower heats of combustion in air than unmodified cellulose, are hydrophobic and resistant to hydrolysis, and inhibit the growth of a variety of common fungi. The modified products are useful as insulation materials, mildew and mold resistant fabrics, and as material for topical bandages.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing ethylcarboxymethylcellulose 0.4 to 1.2 in D.S. of carboxymethyl and 1.5 to 2.5 in D.S. of ethyoxyl. The compound of the present invention possesses good solubility in organic solvents and is useful as an enteric coating material.

Abstract: A process for the purification of cold-water soluble cellulose ethers containing alkali metal halides consisting essentially of suspending a cold-water-soluble cellulose ether crude reaction product containing 25% by weight or more of alkali metal halides, based on the dry weight, in an aqueous solution containing from 4% to about 25% by weight of one or more water-soluble salts of acids selected from the group consisting of polybasic inorganic acids and organic polycarboxylic acids with agitation at a temperature of from 10.degree. C. to 50.degree. C., separating the purified cellulose ether solids and optionally repeating the suspending and separating steps one or more times. The resulting material can be employed in washing and cleansing composition slurries for spray-drying. The process is especially suitable for the treatment of methyl cellulose or water-soluble mixed ethers of methyl or ethyl cellulose with a sodium sulfate solution.

Abstract: A process for preparing a cellulose ether which comprises reacting celluloses untreated or treated with an aqueous solution of alkali hydroxide with an etherifying agent in the presence of an aqueous solution of alkali hydroxide, an organic solvent being substantially immiscible with water and capable of dissolving the etherifying agent and a quaternary salt having the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein M is nitrogen atom or phosphorus atom, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are independently an organic group and X.sup.- is an anion. According to the process, the etherification is carried out uniformly to give a cellulose ether of a high quality in which the substituents are uniformly distributed.

Abstract: Cellulose ethers containing an amount of hydroxypropyl, hydroxyethyl, or methyl radicals such that they are normally water soluble are further modified with C.sub.12 to C.sub.24 hydrocarbon radicals to a level at which they are water insoluble. These modified ethers are soluble in surfactants and effect substantial viscosity increases in solutions of surfactants. They also are highly effective emulsifiers in aqueous systems.

Abstract: Cellulose ethers are disclosed which have sufficient nonionic substitution to render them water soluble and which are further modified with a C.sub.10 to C.sub.24 long chain alkyl group in an amount between about 0.2% by weight and the amount which makes them less than 1% soluble in water. Hydroxyethyl cellulose is a preferred water-soluble cellulose ether for modification according to the invention. These products exhibit substantially improved viscosifying effect compared to their unmodified cellulose ether counterparts and also exhibit some surface activity.

Abstract: This invention comprises a gas-permeable contact lens consisting essentially of a plasticized cellulose resin selected from a partially esterified or partially etherified cellulose polymer plasticized with a compatible plasticizer in an amount sufficient to increase the gas permeability of the cellulose resin.

Abstract: The invention relates to a new substance, namely 2,3-di-(2,3-diiodopropoxy)-propyl cellulose and to the production of the same by the action of a dihalogenopropyl ether of cellulose with an alkali metal allylate with iodine addition to the resulting 2,3-di-allyloxy propyl cellulose.

Abstract: A novel affinity matrix material for trypsin and trypsin-like enzymes is disclosed. Methods employing this material to isolate and/or purify crude extracts containing trypsin and trypsin-like enzymes and to store the purified enzymes obtained are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of cellulose ethers is characterized in that cellulose ethers which contain one or several alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, or carboxyalkyl substituents and which have a total degree of substitution (D.S.) of 0.05 to 4.0 are converted into the corresponding 2,3-dihydroxypropyl mixed ethers by reaction with glycidol and/or glycerol monohalohydrin such as 1-halo-2,3-dihydroxypropane and that the reaction products are processed in a manner known per se, as well as a cellulose mixed ether containing 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ether groups produced by the above process; along with an aqueous composition having increased viscosity comprising water containing this cellulose mixed ether plus borate ions.

Abstract: This invention comprises a gas-permeable contact lens consisting essentially of a plasticized cellulose resin selected from a partially esterified or partially etherified cellulose polymer plasticized with a compatible plasticizer in an amount sufficient to increase the gas permeability of the cellulose resin.