Abstract: A purified hydroxyethylcellulose (HEC) or hydroxypropylcellulose (HPC) reacts with a perfluorinated alkyl glycidyl ether to produce an associative thickener wherein a fluorinated C.sub.8 chain is nearly as effective as a hydrocarbyl C.sub.16 straight chain hydrophobe. A preferred glycidyl ether is prepared by reacting a terminal hydroxyl of a perfluorinated surfactant with epichlorohydrin.

Abstract: Mixed polysaccharide compositions, well adopted for flocculating/precipitating solid particulates from liquid dispersions thereof and for the shaping of insulating articles therefrom, comprise (i) at least one polysaccharide prepared by microbial fermentation, the basic recurring structural unit of which comprising both glucose and rhamnose moieties, and (ii) at least one cationic natural polysaccharide or derivative thereof.

Abstract: This invention is a process of removing water-soluble impurities from a water-soluble cellulose ether aqueous solution containing such water-soluble impurities comprising treating an aqueous solution comprising a water-soluble cellulose ether and a water-soluble impurity by means of ultrafiltration and diafiltration at conditions effective to produce a treated aqueous solution having a reduced concentration of the water-soluble impurity and an increased concentration of the water-soluble cellulose ether.

Abstract: This invention relates to ion-exchanged fine cellulose particles, porous fine cellulose particles which can be advantageously used as an affinity carrier, and methods of production thereof. These fine particles of the invention have the advantage that they possess excellent pressure-resistant strength and can treat treatment liquors under pressure at a high flowing velocity. Thus, they can be advantageously used industrially in various separation and purification processes.

Abstract: The new thermoplastic methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ethers have an average degree of substitution with methyl groups of 1.5 to 2.9 and a molar degree of substitution with hydroxypropyl groups of 1.4 to 1.9.

Abstract: New alkenyl methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ethers have an average degree of substitution DS with methyl groups of 1.5 to 2.9, a molar degree of substitution MS with hydroxypropyl groups of 1.4 to 1.9 and an average degree of substitution DS with alkenyl groups of 0.05 to 1.

Abstract: New ketocarboxylated polymers which comprise an ester of a ketodiacid precursor, and part of all of the hydroxy or thiol groups of a polymer having one or more pendant hydroxy or thiol groups, are useful as adhesives, coatings, membranes and the like.

Abstract: Cellulose ethers are disclosed which have sufficient nonionic substitution to render them water soluble and which are further modified with a C.sub.10 to C.sub.24 long chain alkylaryl group in an amount between 0.2% by weight and the amount which makes them less than 1% by weight soluble in water. Hydroxyethylcellulose is a preferred water soluble cellulose ether for modification according to the invention. These products exhibit substantially improved viscosifying effects compared to their unmodified cellulose ether counterparts, and provide good leveling and sag resistance in latex paints. Preferred alkylaryl groups are nonylphenyl, dodecylphenyl, and dinonylphenyl. Included are cellulose ethers with spacer groups of various lengths between the alkylaryl group and the connecting group to the cellulose molecule.

Abstract: A modified cellulose and/or chitin for biocompatible dialysis membranes having a structure represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein cell is cellulose or chitin, in each case without hydroxyl groups, s=3 in the case of cellulose and s=2 in the case of chitin, R' is CH.sub.3 and/or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and/or C.sub.3 H.sub.7, X denotes specified functional groups, R" is H or R, R"' denotes R, x+t=0.75 to 2.85, t=0 to 2.85, x=0 to 2.85, and r=0 to 1. A process for preparation of the cellulose and/or chitin derivatives is also disclosed.

Abstract: A modified cellulose and/or chitin for biocompatible dialysis membranes having a structure represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein cell is unmodified cellulose or chitin, in each case without hydroxyl groups, s=3 in the case of cellulose and s=2 in the case of chitin, R' is CH.sub.3 and/or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and/or C.sub.3 H.sub.7, X denotes specified functional groups, m=0.75 to 2.85, and x=0.005 to 2.10. A process for preparation of the cellulose and/or chitin derivatives is also disclosed.

Abstract: A modified cellulose and/or chitin for biocompatible dialysis membranes having a structure represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein Cell is cellulose or chitin, in each case without hydroxyl groups, s=3 in the case of cellulose and s=2 in the case of chitin, R' is CH.sub.3 and/or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and/or C.sub.3 H.sub.7, X denotes specified functional groups, R" is H or R, Z corresponds to the following groups of atoms: SR", SO.sub.3 H and salts thereof, SO-R, SONR".sub.2, SO.sub.2 -R, SO.sub.2 NR".sub.2, SO.sub.2 H and salts thereof, F, Cl, Br, I, NR".sub.2, PR".sub.2, PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 and salts thereof, PO.sub.2 H(OR), PO(OR).sub.2, PO.sub.2 HR" and salts thereof, POR"(OR) and POR".sub.2, x+t=0.75 to 2.85, t=0 to 2.85, x=0 to 2.85, and z=0.01 to 0.45. A process for preparation of the cellulose and/or chitin derivatives is also disclosed.

Abstract: A cellulose derivative comprising substitution-modified cellulose regenerated from a cuprammonium solution, the substituents being ester groups, wherein the acyl group represents one or more, optionally substituted, carbon chains with 10-36 carbon atoms, or a residue containing at least one aromatic and/or heterocyclic, optionally substituted, ring, or wherein the substituents are carbamate groups, the carbamoyl group of which represents a group containing one or more, optionally substituted, carbon chains with 2-36 carbon atoms, or a group containing at least one aromatic and/or heterocyclic, optionally substituted, ring. A dialysis membrane made from the substitution-modified cellulose, typically in the form of a flat film, a tubular film, or a hollow filament, is also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for working up water-soluble cellulose derivatives, more especially with flocculation points above 85.degree. C., after removal by condensation of readily volatile constituents of the crude product mixture resulting from an etherification reaction, by suspension of the crude product in hot water and subsequent separation of the suspension and washing liquids, wherein the separation of the suspension and washing liquids is carried out at elevated temperature and under pressure applied to the separator as a whole.

Abstract: Cellulose derivatives are disclosed which have the following formula: ##STR1## wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, cycloalkylene or benzylene or xylylene radicals, which may or may not be substituted;X is selected from the group consisting of --H, --NR.sub.2, --N.sup.+ R.sub.3, --CN, --COOH, --SO.sub.3 H, --SO.sub.3 H, --PO(OR).sub.2, CONR.sub.2 or --Si(OR).sub.3 ;R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl and alkenyl groups having from 1 to 25 carbon atoms, and cycloalkyl, tolyl and phenyl groups;Y is selected from the group consisting of alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl groups having from 1 to 36 carbon atoms, which may or may not be substituted, cycloalkyl, phenyl, tolyl and benzyl groups, ##STR2## (--CH.dbd.CH--COOH), and NHR, where R has the same meaning as in X, andm=0 to 2.5n=0.01 to 2.95,with the provision that, when m=0, n.gtoreq.1.55, if Y is an alkyl radical with 1 to 5 carbon atoms, 3-(CH.sub.2).sub.

Abstract: Carboxymethylhydroxyethyl (CMHEC), starch and guar are preferred polysaccharides providing at least a 1% solution viscosity of 1000 cps at 25 C. An invert emulsion for oil drilling or paper manufacture comprises on a weight percent basis:______________________________________ Diesel, mineral or paraffin oil 40-60 Imidazole surfactant 1-4 Water 0-10 Organophilic clay 0.5-5.

Abstract: A modified cellulose for biocompatible dialysis membranes having a structure represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein cell is cellulose or chitin, in each case without hydroxyl groups, s=3 in the case of cellulose and s=2 in the case of chitin, R' is CH.sub.3 and/or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and/or C.sub.3 H.sub.7, X denotes specified functional groups, R" is H or R, R"' denotes R, x+t=0.75 to 2.85, t=0 to 2.85, x=0 to 2.85, and r=0 to 1. A process for preparation of the cellulose derivatives is also disclosed.

Abstract: Silated polysaccharides having 0.0005 to 2.0 silyl molar substitution per anhydrosaccharide unit form water resistant films when cast from aqueous solution and dried in the presence of atmospheric carbon dioxide. These films are soluble in aqueous caustic. A preferred water soluble polymer is a cellulose ether with 0.005 to 1.0 silyl substitution.

Abstract: A modified cellulose for biocompatible dialysis membranes having a structure represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein Cell is cellulose or chitin, in each case without hydroxyl groups, s=3 in the case of cellulose and s=2 in the case of chitin, R' is CH.sub.3 and/or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and/or C.sub.3 H.sub.7, X denotes specified functional groups, R" is H or R, Z corresponds to the following groups of atoms: SR", SO.sub.3 H and salts thereof, SO-R, SONR".sub.2, SO.sub.2 -R, SO.sub.2 NR".sub.2, SO.sub.2 H and salts thereof, F, Cl, Br, I, NR".sub.2, PR".sub.2, PO.sub.3 H.sub.2 and salts thereof, PO.sub.2 H(OR), PO(OR).sub.2, PO.sub.2 HR" and salts thereof, POR"(OR) and POR".sub.2, x+t=0.75 to 2.85, t=0 to 2.85, x=0 to 2.85, and z=0.01 to 0.45. A process for preparation of the cellulose derivatives is also disclosed.

Abstract: A modified cellulose for biocompatible dialysis membranes having a structure represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein cell is unmodified cellulose or chitin, in each case without hydroxyl groups, s=3 in the case of cellulose and s=2 in the case of chitin, R' is CH.sub.3 and/or C.sub.2 H.sub.5 and/or C.sub.3 H.sub.7, X denotes specified functional groups, m=0.75 to 2.85, and x=0.005 to 2.10. A process for preparation of the cellulose derivatives is also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for preparing cellulose ethers containing tertiary or quaternary nitrogen by reacting alkylene epoxides with cellulose or its derivatives in an alkaline medium in the presence of water. Alkylene epoxides of the formulas ##STR1## or mixtures thereof, in which n=1, 2 or 3, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 correspond to the same or different alkyl groups with 1 to 18 carbon atoms or R.sup.1 corresponds to the benzyl group or --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 OH and X is chloride, bromide, sulfate or acetate are used as cationization agents.

Abstract: The acetals, 2,3-dihydroxy-1,1,4,4-tetramethoxybutane, 3,4-dihydroxy-2,5-dimethoxytetrahydrofuran, and glyceraldehyde dimethylacetal, when applied to cotton fabric by conventional pad-dry-cure procedures using special combined acid catalysts, were found to crosslink cellulose hydroxy groups at a very rapid rate (e.g., 20 seconds at 160.degree. C.), thereby imparting improved wrinkle recovery in the range of that required for durable press finishing. Cotton fabrics treated with these acetals have the advantage of no formaldehyde release.

Abstract: Alkylene oxide is added as a vapor in preparing C.sub.2 or higher hydroxyalkylcellulose ethers and hydroxyalkylalkylcellulose ethers by continuously adding the reagents to alkali cellulose at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: What are disclosed are polysaccharide derivatives of the formula ##STR1## in which n denotes a number from 100 to 12,500 and R denotes hydrogen, a carboxyalkyl or hydroxyalkyl group with 1 to 5 carbon atoms in the alkyl radical or a detectable molecular group, any combination of the (3n+2) R radicals being possible, but at least one R being a carboxyalkyl or hydroxyalkyl group and at least one R being a detectable molecular group, and a process for their preparation and their use for the determination of endohydrolases, in indicator paper and for the detection of metabolites in biological liquids, are described.

Abstract: The process for preparing mixed cellulose ethers proceeds in the following steps:(a) alkalizing of the cellulose,(b) etherifying of the alkali cellulose in the presence of a base by using at least one etherifying agent which requires, for the reaction with cellulose, a catalytic and sub-stoichiometric quantity of a base, and(c) increasing the quantity of base, and(d) etherifying the cellulose ether so prepared by using at least one etherifying agent which requires, for the reaction with cellulose, an at least stoichiometric quantity of a base or a catalytic and substoichiometric quantity of a base, increased over the quantity used in (a),with at least one inert organic solvent being used as a dispersing auxiliary in at least one of the steps and water being present in all steps, wherein mixed etherification leads to a water-soluble product and dimethoxyethane, an alkanol, an alkanediol and/or an alkoxyalkanol are used as the organic solvents.

Abstract: Disclosed are nonionic dihydroxypropyl hydroxyalkylcelluloses having a dihydroxypropyl M.S. of from about 0.1 to 1.2 and a hydroxyalkyl M.S. of from about 1.5 to about 3.0. The dihydroxypropyl hydroxyalkylcelluloses are capable of reacting with polyvalent metal cations, such as, titanium and zirconium, in an aqueous medium, such as a salt brine medium, to form viscoelastic gels useful in oil recovery operations.

Abstract: A process for the production of water-soluble hydroxyalkyl methyl cellulose by the alkalization of the cellulose with sodium hydroxide and by subsequent etherification with alkylene oxide in an inert solvent, characterized in that before etherification, the alkali content of the aqueous alkali cellulose is reduced to 0.3-0.8 mols of NaOH/mol of cellulose by washing out with a suitable, known solvent (mixture), and is then etherified with an alkylene oxide in the liquid phase.

Abstract: In modern processes for the preparation of cellulose ethers containing one or more types of substituents (such as MC, CMC, HEC, HPC, MHEC or EHEC), cellulose is reacted with etherifying agents in the presence of water, base and a mixture of preferably inert organic solvents (as a dispersing auxiliary). Dimethoxyethane (ethylene glycol dimethyl ether) and at least one organic solvent selected from the group including alkanols, alkane diols and alkoxy alkanols (for example, methanol and/or isopropanol) are employed in the mixture of organic solvents used for these syntheses, particularly in quantities of 1 to 30 parts by weight per 1 part by weight of cellulose.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of water-soluble cellulose ethers, comprising the steps of activating cellulose with ammonia, alkalizing the activated cellulose, and etherifying the alkali cellulose. In the process, the activated cellulose is alkalized in the presence of ammonia and, optionally, in the presence of an organic solvent, and the ammonia is removed from the alkali cellulose in the presence of the alkalizing agent and, optionally, the organic solvent. Etherification proceeds in a medium which contains at least portions of said organic solvent. The organic solvent comprises, in particular, an alkanol which has from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. For the etherification step, carboxymethylation or hydroxyethylation is preferred.

Abstract: Higher reaction efficiencies are seen in cellulose etherification reactions when the reagents are continuously added to alkali cellulose at elevated temperatures. In particular, mixed hydroxyalkylcellulose ethers are prepared with higher reaction efficiencies using this process. In an especially preferred embodiment, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose is prepared by continuously adding propylene oxide to heated cellulose containing a small amount of caustic, adding more caustic and then continuously adding methyl chloride at elevated temperatures.

Abstract: The invention is a process for the 2-hydroxyalkylation of a polysaccharide which comprises contacting a polysaccharide with an alkylene carbonate in the presence of a catalytic amount of a quaternary ammonium halide under conditions such that the polysaccharide undergoes hydroxyalkylation.

Abstract: Cellulose derivatives having a controlled molecular weight are prepared by adjusting oxygen concentration as measured by analyzing the quantity of oxygen in the head space of the reaction vessel to a level such that the cellulose derivative prepared therein has a desired solution viscosity. The cellulose derivative is then prepared in the reaction vessel without substantially increasing the quantity of oxygen in said reaction vessel.

Abstract: Molecular coordination complexes are formed between a cellulose polymer and a non-polar solid aliphatic alcohol containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms optionally substituted with an aliphatic group containing 8 to 18 carbon atoms by solvating the polymer with a volatile polar solvent and reacting the solvated cellulose polymer directly with the aliphatic alcohol, preferably as a melt. The resulting composition may be dried. This constitutes the complex. The composition has utility as a matrix in controlled release formulations since it has a uniform porosity which may be varied.

Abstract: This invention is directed to a derivative of a reducing sugar, said reducing sugar having molecular weights of from 120 to 2000, in that said derivative having at least one methylol group which branches the carbon structure of the reducing sugar in the .alpha.- and/or .alpha.'-position to the carbonyl group or cyclohemiacetal group of the reducing sugar.

Abstract: A continuous process for manufacturing water-soluble hydroxyalkyl cellulose, and water-soluble mixed ethers based on hydroxyalkyl cellulose, comprising producing a slurry comprising (by weight) 1 part cellulose, 0.02 to 0.6 parts alkali metal hydroxide, 5 to 10 parts inert organic solvent, and 0.4 to 2.5 parts water; continuously feeding the slurry to a first elevated pressure reactor and mixing the slurry therein with at least one normally gaseous etherifying agent which has been liquified under pressure; maintaining the slurry at a temperature up to 40.degree. C., and a gauge pressure up to 3 bars, for 15 to 90 minutes, to give a degree of substitution from 0.2 to 1.

Abstract: In preparation of hydroxyethyl ethers of cellulose, ethylene oxide efficiency of the reaction and solubility characteristics of the product are improved by using alkali cellulose which has been prepared in the presence of boric acid or a boric acid salt.

Abstract: Hydroxypropyl cellulose having superior solubility in isopropyl alcohol is obtained by reacting an alkali cellulose of unusually low NaOH/cellulose and water/cellulose ratios with propylene oxide in two stage successive reactions interposing an addition of water.

Abstract: A novel coating agent for solid medicaments containing a hydrogel-like substance of a water-insoluble hydroxypropyl cellulose having 5-16% by weight of a hydroxypropoxy group or the dry powder of a hydrogel-like substance. By coating solid medicaments with the coating agent, solid medicaments having high impact resistance and showing very less aging can be provided advantageously in industry.

Abstract: Sustained flavor release compositions are disclosed which comprise polymer backbones having pendant flavor groups thereon. Such compositions can be used, for example, in chewing gums. Release of the flavor can be accomplished by hydrolysis upon mastication of the chewing gum.In one embodiment, aldehyde flavors are reacted with polymers having hydroxy groups thereon to produce a polymer backbone with pendant acetal or hemi-acetal flavor groups. An example is the reaction product of cinnamic aldehyde and partially hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate. In a like manner, ketone flavors can be reacted with similar polymers to form pendant ketal flavor groups. Also, alcohol flavors can be reacted with polymers having aldehyde or ketone groups to provide polymer backbones with pendant acetal or ketal moieties thereon.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the chemical modification of a water-soluble cellulose ether, which comprises reacting the ether with a chloroformic acid ester in an aqueous organic medium containing alkali hydroxide, whereby the cellulose ether is rendered at least partially insoluble in water. The modified cellulose ether may be easily dispersed in water and redissolved to form a smooth solution of the original water-soluble ether by adding sufficient alkali to the dispersion to reuse its pH to at least about 11, preferably to about 12.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to the production of methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ethers having a degree of molar substitution (M.S.) of greater than 2. The methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ethers are prepared at low cost under mild conditions and are particularly useful in gelling organic solvents having a solubility parameter of 8 - 16. They also have compatibility for mixtures of organic solvents and water and are helpful in gelling such solutions when the percentage of water in such mixtures is up to about 60%.

Abstract: Dihydroxypropyl ethers of cellulose are disclosed which are characterized by having a dihydroxypropyl M.S. of at least about 1.4 which are water-soluble and thermoplastic. These materials form complexes with borate and antimonate ions having unique and useful properties.

Abstract: In the process for the preparation of low-substituted cellulose ethers comprising the successive steps of etherification of alkali cellulose, neutralization of the crude cellulose ether, washing, drying and pulverization, the neutralization step is carried out in two stages, i.e., by first employing 5 to 80% of an acid stoichiometrically required and then adding an additional amount of the acid to complete neutralization. The cellulose ethers thus prepared can readily be pulverized into fine powder having a very good flowing property and yet an excellent binding force, and work as a suitable disintegrator in tablets.

Abstract: Novel absorber for the blood and the like, particularly a tampon for menses, which is made of the filaments of a lower alkyl or a lower hydroxyalkyl substituted cellulose ether. The absorber is insoluble in the blood and the like when it is used, but it is dispersible and soluble in water when it is thrown away.

Abstract: There is disclosed a novel degradable plastic composition, said composition being degradable in the absence of electromagnetic radiation and consisting essentially of an organic polymer having dispersed therein at least one transition-metal derivative of at least one highly unsaturated organic acid, such as a tallate, linoleate, linolenate, etc. of one or more transition metals, particularly a transition metal such as cobalt, chromium, copper, iron, manganese, and nickel.

Abstract: A solvent mixture consisting of dimethyl sulfoxide and formaldehyde is used for the hydroxy-alkylation of cellulose.

Abstract: Polysaccharide ethers are prepared in a novel continuous process in which a slurry of a polysaccharide, an alkali metal hydroxide, and an etherifying agent, with or without an inert diluent, are mixed in the substantial absence of molecular or free oxygen and fed through a sinuous tubular reactor under pressure, so that the etherification reaction is continuous. The apparatus for preparing the reaction mixture is also novel.

Abstract: A process for the manufacture of cellulose containing 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ether groups, the so-called glycerol ether of cellulose, together with borate ions comprises reacting alkali cellulose with glycidol of one of its derivatives reacting like glycidol under the reaction conditions, and treating the resulting product with borate ions whereby aqueous solutions of the obtained products are especially low in salt or are highly viscous, as well as the 2,3-dihydroxy propyl ether of cellulose containing borate ions produced by this process, along with an aqueous composition comprising water and a mixture of said 2,3-dihydroxypropyl ether of cellulose and borate ions.