Abstract: Provided is a CM-modified microfibrillated cellulose fiber having a Canada standard freeness of not less than 200 mL and an average fiber diameter of not less than 500 nm. Said fiber enhances paper strength when added to a paper.

Abstract: Prepare lithium carboxymethyl cellulose by treating sodium carboxymethyl cellulose with a weak acid to form an acid from of carboxymethyl cellulose and then treating the acid form of the carboxymethyl cellulose with lithium chloride.

Abstract: There is described a surface layer or coating of a fluoropolymer. Dispersed in the fluoropolymer is a compound of the formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, and R4 each, independently of the others, are —H, alkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, or alkylaryl, R is a group of the formula —COOH, —COOM, —R5—COOH, —R5—COOM, —X—R5—COOH, or —X—R5—COOM wherein X and R5 are as defined herein, M is a cationic metal, A represents a saccharide monomer repeating unit having one or more R groups, B represents a saccharide monomer repeating unit having no R groups, m is an integer representing the number of repeating A units, and n is an integer representing the number of repeating B units.

Abstract: Implants include a film layer containing cellulose secured to a surface of the porous layer that also contains cellulose, wherein the film layer is secured to the porous cellulose without the use of an adhesive.

Abstract: The present technology provides processes for cross-linking cellulose ethers under mild conditions. The processes include exposing a substantially dry cellulose ether film to a polyisocyanate to provide a cross-linked cellulose ether film, wherein the substantially dry cellulose ether film comprises alkoxide groups on the cellulose. The resulting cellulose ether films are highly cross-linked by polyurethane linkages and may be used as membranes in a variety of applications.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for production of cellulose ethers in a high solids process substantially without use of organic solvents as reaction and/or washing medium. In the method of the invention the first alkalization step is carried out by using high solids content cellulose pulp and solid sodium hydroxide. This is followed by an etherification step where the solids content is preferably further increased and the use of solid etherification reactant is preferred. As no organic solvents are used as reaction media the invented method enables production of cellulose ethers directly from never dried pulp with significant savings in energy and investment costs. The method is especially suitable for the production of carboxymethyl cellulose sodium salt (CMC) with low degree of substitution (DS<0.3). The use of the resulting none or low water soluble carboxymethylated cellulosic fibres is suitable for example for producing microfibrillated cellulose.

Abstract: Tissue and other body structures may be protected using a hydrated composition made from free-flowing substantially collagen-free rehydratable polysaccharide particles and rehydratable polysaccharide sponges. Rehydration of the particles without clumping may be carried out be dispersing the particles in a biocompatible water-miscible polar dispersant such as ethanol and combining the dispersion with sufficient aqueous solvent for the particles to convert them to a cohesive hydrogel. The hydrated composition may assist in returning an injured, inflamed or surgically repaired surface to a normal state, e.g., through one or more healing mechanisms such as modulation of an inflammatory response, phagocytosis, mucosal remodeling, reciliation or other full or partial restoration of normal function.

Abstract: Compositions comprising carboxypolysaccharides (CPS) including carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) and polyethylene glycols (PEGs) are provided where the PEG is a PEG-epoxide covalently linked to the CPS. In certain embodiments, the PEG attaches to only one CPS, forming a decorated CPS. In other embodiments, bi-functional PEG molecules are attached to adjacent CPSs, thereby forming a covalently cross-linked composition. Additional embodiments include PEG/CMC compositions where the PEG is a multi-branch PEG and/or a multi-arm PEG. PEG/CMC compositions can be made with desired viscoelastic properties, and such compositions can be used as space-filling materials, load-bearing materials, anti-adhesion compositions, drug delivery vehicles or lubrication of tissues and medical instruments.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides polymer compounds binding with lipoamide produced by the reaction of the primary amine group of lipoamide with the carboxy group of polysaccharide compounds such as chondroitin sulfates, carboxymethyl celluloses, or hyaluronic acids; functional compounds such as peptides, proteins, growth factors; or drugs; or biocompatible polymers such as poly(ethylene oxide), poly(vinyl alcohol), or poly(vinyl pyrrolidone). The present disclosure also provides their synthesis methods, products of hydrogels and films using the same as and methods for manufacturing the products.

Abstract: The invention is a cellulose derivative wherein some of the carboxyl groups of the cellulose derivative carboxymethylcellulose are replaced with —CO—NH—X—CO—Y—Z, and a hydrogel of the same. In the formula, X is a C1-10 divalent hydrocarbon group, Y is a divalent group derived from polyalkylene oxide having oxygen atoms at both ends, and Z is a C1-24 hydrocarbon group or —CO—R4, where R4 is a C1-23 hydrocarbon group. The hydrogel has excellent viscoelasticity and can be injected into prescribed sites with injecting devices such as syringes, and it can thus be utilized as a medical gel or adhesion barrier.

Abstract: An advantageous and effective process for obtaining carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from agro-industrial residues, comprising the steps of a) Preparing the raw material, wherein the raw material is washed, dried, grounded and washed again; b) a pumping step, wherein the product obtained from the step a) is reacted with sodium hydroxide; c) a synthesis step, wherein consists in grounding the pulp; adding a solution of isopropanol and distilled water under stirring at room temperature; adding NaOH aqueous solution up to the alkalization of the mixture; adding monochloroacetic acid in isopropanol; filtrating; suspending in methanol solution and neutralizing with acetic acid. The CMC obtained from the process can be employed in a several industrial processes.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for the derivatization of cellulose comprising the sequential steps: a) mixing cellulose with a viscosity below 900 ml/g with an aqueous solution to obtain a liquid, wherein particles comprising cellulose in said liquid have a diameter of maximum 200 nm, wherein the temperature of the aqueous solution is below 20° C., and wherein the pH of the aqueous solution is above 12, b) subjecting the liquid to at least one of the steps: i) decreasing the pH of the liquid with at least 1 pH unit, ii) increasing the temperature by at least 20° C., and c) derivatization of the cellulose. Advantages include that there is provided the possibility to derivatize cellulose faster and to a greater extent after the treatment. Further the yield is improved. The product quality is improved and the manufacture is cheaper and easier.

Abstract: A method for making aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides having pendant aldehyde groups is described. The method involves the hydroformylation of an alkene-functionalized polysaccharide. The resulting aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides are useful for forming hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants for medical applications.

Abstract: Novel aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharide compositions containing pendant dialdehyde groups are described that are more stable in aqueous solution than oxidized polysaccharides. The aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides may be reacted with various amine-containing polymers to form hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants that may be useful for medical applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures such as intestinal anastomosis and vascular anastomosis, tissue repair, preventing leakage of fluids such as blood, bile, gastrointestinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, ophthalmic procedures, drug delivery, and preventing post-surgical adhesions.

Abstract: Novel aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharide compositions are described that are more stable in aqueous solution than oxidized polysaccharides or other types of polysaccharides containing pendant aldehyde groups. The aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides may be reacted with various amine-containing polymers to form hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants that may be useful for medical applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures such as intestinal anastomosis and vascular anastomosis, tissue repair, preventing leakage of fluids such as blood, bile, gastrointestinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, ophthalmic procedures, drug delivery, and preventing post-surgical adhesions.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a simple and new method for the homogeneous synthesis of cellulose ethers. Ionic liquids are not only used as solvent, but also as reaction media for the homogeneous etherification of cellulose. The dissolved cellulose is treated with the etherification agent in the absence of organic and/or inorganic bases and in the absence and/or in the presence of moderate amounts of water. The obtained cellulose ethers show new distributions of substitution on the polymer chain, resulting in new properties and applications.

Abstract: Surface-treated carboxyalkylated polysaccharides comprising a biobased content of at least 82% are described herein. The surface-treated carboxyalkylated polysaccharides comprise a CRC of at least 18 g/g, a FSC of at least 26 g/g, and an AUL at 0.7 psi of at least 14 g/g. Processes for the manufacture of surface-treated carboxyalkylated polysaccharides are also described herein.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process of preparing carboxymethyl cellulose comprising the steps of (a) reacting non-regenerated cellulose with an alkalization agent in the presence of water and isopropyl alcohol and (b) reacting the alkalized cellulose with monohaloacetic acid or a salt thereof, wherein 1.0 to 1.6 mol of the alkalization agent and 15 to 30 mol of water are used in step (a) and 0.5 to 0.8 mol of monohaloacetic acid or a salt thereof are used in step (b), each based on 1 mol of anhydroglucose unit of the cellulose. The invention also relates to carboxymethyl cellulose prepared by that process.

Abstract: The invention is related to a method for processing biomass derived from plants or animals, comprising the steps of: a. pre treating said material with an aqueous solution of acid or base; b. subsequently passaging saturated or super heated steam through said material, wherein the water activity of the process is controlled by means of temperature and pressure of the super heated steam to be less than 1, preferably less than 0.8, more preferably in the range of 0.4-0.8. With such a process it is possible to disintegrate or make more accessible for subsequent treatments the lignocellulose from lignocellulose containing materials, like wood or other plant material, chitin from exoskeletons from Crustacea like crabs and shrimps, and proteins such as keratin from pig hair or chicken feather, for further derivation, like acylation, oxidation, etherification, carboxymethylation or esterification, or further enzymatic hydrolysis, and/or for production of chemicals, e.g.

Abstract: Biomaterials that support cell attachment and growth are provided. In one aspect, biomaterials are provided comprising a first polymer matrix comprising reactive amino moieties and a second polymer matrix that interpenetrates with the first polymer matrix, where the second polymer matrix comprises a poly(alkylene oxide) comprising two or more alkylene oxide oligomers joined by gamma-thioether carbonyl linkages. In another aspect, biomaterials are provided comprising at least one biopolymer comprising amino groups, thiol groups, and bifunctional modifiers connecting at least some of the amino groups to at least some of the thiol groups; and at least one poly(alkylene oxide) cross-linked to at least two thiol groups of the biopolymer. The biomaterials may further comprise a pharmacologically active agent or cells. Methods of administering such biomaterials to a patient in need thereof are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods relating to monitoring the processing of polysaccharides and, in particular, monitoring the processing of guar in order to improve guar yield and/or lower impurity concentration in the wash effluent fluid.

Abstract: The present application relates to tartaric salt stabilizers for wine, comprising carboxymethyl cellulose agglomerates which, in dry form, readily disperse in wine without formation of lumps, and methods of stabilizing wine employing the same.

Abstract: Novel aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharide compositions are described that are more stable in aqueous solution than oxidized polysaccharides or other types of polysaccharides containing pendant aldehyde groups. The aldehyde-functionalized polysaccharides may be reacted with various amine-containing polymers to form hydrogel tissue adhesives and sealants that may be useful for medical applications such as wound closure, supplementing or replacing sutures or staples in internal surgical procedures such as intestinal anastomosis and vascular anastomosis, tissue repair, preventing leakage of fluids such as blood, bile, gastrointestinal fluid and cerebrospinal fluid, ophthalmic procedures, drug delivery, and preventing post-surgical adhesions.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for regenerating or derivatizing cellulose. The process comprises the steps of providing a source of unrefined cellulose, and dissolving the unrefined cellulose in a molten inorganic salt. The source of unrefined cellulose may be a biomass, such as wood. The process permits the regeneration or derivatization of cellulose having a high degree of polymerization.

Abstract: The present invention provides carboxymethylcellulose or a salt thereof that can prevent defects such as streaks and pinholes from occurring in the obtained electrode when it is used as a binder for an electrode of a nonaqueous electrolyte secondary battery. The present invention provides carboxymethylcellulose or a salt thereof of which ratio of a dry mass A to a dry mass B is less than 50 ppm when 2 liters of a 0.3 mass % aqueous solution of the dry mass B of the carboxymethylcellulose or a salt thereof is prepared, the entire amount of the aqueous solution is filtrated through a 250-mesh filter under a reduced pressure of ?200 mmHg, and the dry mass A of a residue on the filter is measured after filtration. The applications of the carboxymethylcellulose or a salt thereof are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for hatching of hatchery eggs comprising: (a) treating the egg shell surface with a coating composition comprising a coating agent, to form a coating on the surface of the egg's shell; and (b) incubating the egg under conditions to cause hatching to occur; wherein the yield of hatching of said hatchery eggs is improved as compared to control eggs not treated as defined in (a). The invention additionally relates to a composition for treating of hatchery eggs prior to incubation, wherein said composition comprising a coating agent, and wherein said composition improves the hatching yield of said hatchery eggs.

Abstract: The invention is a cellulose derivative wherein some of the carboxyl groups of the cellulose derivative carboxymethylcellulose are replaced with —CO—NH—X—CO—Y—Z, and a hydrogel of the same. In the formula, X is a C1-10 divalent hydrocarbon group, Y is a divalent group derived from polyalkylene oxide having oxygen atoms at both ends, and Z is a C1-24 hydrocarbon group or —CO—R4, where R4 is a C1-23 hydrocarbon group. The hydrogel has excellent viscoelasticity and can be injected into prescribed sites with injecting devices such as syringes, and it can thus be utilized as a medical gel or adhesion barrier.

Abstract: A process for producing a polysaccharide sponge comprises the steps of (A) freezing a photoreactive polysaccharide solution, and (B) irradiating the frozen photoreactive polysaccharide solution with light to crosslink the photoreactive polysaccharide, thereby obtaining the polysaccharide sponge. The process includes simplified steps requiring no removal of solvent, and has such an advantage that impurities are easily removed therefrom.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sodium absorption inhibitor, a potassium absorption inhibitor, and a phosphorus absorption inhibitor, and a preventive agent, a therapeutic agent and a food for diseases caused by overconsumption of common salt, potassium and phosphorus or diseases which require restriction of ingestion of common salt, potassium and phosphorus to actively and safely excrete overconsumed common salt, potassium and phosphorus excreted outside the body. R—O-A ??(I) {In the formula (I), R represents a crosslinked cellulose residue and A represents a functional group a having cation-exchange ability.

Abstract: A method for making fibers having particles attached thereto, comprising blending a carboxyalkyl cellulose and a starch in water to provide an aqueous gel; treating the aqueous gel with a first crosslinking agent to provide a crosslinked gel; drying the crosslinked gel to provide a solid; comminuting the solid to provide a plurality of particles; combining at least a portion of the plurality of particles with a aqueous dispersion comprising cellulose fibers and a first water-miscible solvent and, optionally, a second crosslinking agent, to provide a mixture comprising swollen particles and cellulose fibers; and adding a second water-miscible solvent to the mixture to provide fibers having particles attached thereto.

Abstract: A process for producing a polysaccharide sponge comprises the steps of (A) freezing a photoreactive polysaccharide solution, and (B) irradiating the frozen photoreactive polysaccharide solution with light to crosslink the photoreactive polysaccharide, thereby obtaining the polysaccharide sponge. The process includes simplified steps requiring no removal of solvent, and has such an advantage that impurities are easily removed therefrom.

Abstract: Methods for making the carboxyalkyl cellulose.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process for the degradation of cellulose by dissolving the cellulose in an ionic liquid and treating it with an acid, if appropriate with addition of water.

Abstract: Proposed is a novel soluble trauma-healing and hemostatic cellulose fiber capable of absorbing and readily dissolving hemorrhaging trauma loci when applied thereto and of promoting the hemostatic action of blood platelets and fibrin and cell adhesion to the trauma site. The coagulation protein-containing soluble trauma-healing and hemostatic cellulose fiber is produced in that after treatment of a natural or regenerated cellulose fiber with an aqueous sodium hydroxide solution, said fiber is carboxymethylated by reaction with a monochloro acetic acid solution for a given time (hours) in such a manner that the degree of partial substitution of the glucose units constituting the cellulose molecule (etherification degree) is 0.5-less than 1.0% and that, furthermore, the coagulation proteins fibrinogen, thrombin, and coagulation factor XIII are imparted by surface application or chemical bonding.

Abstract: The present invention relates to hemostatic materials made of water-soluble cellulose ether derivatives, such as methylcellulose, ethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts of carboxymethylcellulose, especially to hemostatic materials made of water-soluble cellulose ether derivatives capable of being absorbed in live body. The present invention also relates to the use of water-soluble cellulose hemostatic materials for the preparation of internal and external hemostatic articles and pharmaceutical compositions, and hemostatic articles and pharmaceutical compositions thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of producing polysaccharide fibres (8), wherein the polysaccharide is dissolved and the solution is sprayed into a bath (7) which contains a water-miscible organic solvent and a cross-linker. The invention also relates to a polysaccharide fibre (8) produced by the method, and to an absorbent article which includes the polysaccharide fibre (8).

Abstract: The present invention describes a class of new regioselectively reticulated polysaccharides. A process to obtain these polysaccharides, starting from naturally occurring, possibly substituted polysaccharides, is also described. The products can be used in the medical filed and in other industrial sectors.

Abstract: A water-soluble, associative carboxymethylcellulose (CMC) exhibits unique and highly desirable rheology and performance properties in a wide variety end-use systems. This unique CMC is prepared in a novel staging process. The end-use systems include personal care, household care, paint, building material and construction, pharmaceutical, medical care, oilfield, mineral processing, paper making and paper coating, and food.

Abstract: A nutritional composition which contains slightly negatively charged non-digestible polysaccharides having a molecular weight of 8 kD to 40,000 kD, characterized in that the rise in the viscosity of the composition caused by the polysaccharides is less than 20 mpa·s. This nutritional composition is used to reduce the uptake of high molecular weight substances, allergens and microorganisms through the intestinal wall, more particularly to reduce transport of high molecular weight substances, allergens and microorganisms through the intestinal wall, ore particularly to reduce transport of high molecular weight substances, allergens and microorganisms through the tight junctions in the intestines.

Abstract: The present inventors have discovered that the solution rheology of cellulose ethers prepared from cellulose pulp is altered by mercerizing and recovering cellulose pulp before preparing the cellulose ethers. For example, the solution viscosity of carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) produced from mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp is significantly greater than that produced from non-mercerized cellulose pulp. The present invention provides a method of preparing cellulose ethers comprising the steps of (a) obtaining mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp, and (b) converting the mercerized and recovered cellulose pulp into the cellulose ethers. The mercerized cellulose pulp is typically substantially free of cellulose III. Mercerized cellulose pulp prepared by this method has a greater percentage of crystalline cellulose II and a smaller crystalline area than that of non-mercerized cellulose pulp.

Abstract: An anionic cellulose ether obtainable by a process comprising reacting an alkali metal cellulose with one or more reagents A selected from the group consisting of haloacetic acids, alkali metal haloacetates, alkali metal vinyl sulfonates, vinyl sulfonic acid, and precursors thereof, and one or more reagents B having the formula R1—(OCH2CH(R2))n-P, wherein R2 represents hydrogen or a methyl group; n is 0-2; P represents a glycidyl ether group, a 1,2-epoxy group or a precursor thereof, if P represents a glycidyl ether group, R1 represents a linear C3-C5 alkyl group, optionally containing an oxygen atom, a phenyl group, or a benzyl group, and if P represents a 1,2-epoxy group, R1 represents a linear C3-C5 alkyl group, optionally containing an oxygen atom. Preferably, reagent A is chloroacetic acid and reagent B is n-butyl glycidyl ether. The invention also relates to the use of said anionic cellulose ether as an associative thickener, rheology modifier or stabilizer.

Abstract: A water insoluble, biocompatible gel is prepared by reacting carboxymethylcellulose and a carbodiimide, wherein the reaction is conducted in an aqueous medium containing a water miscible organic solvent, such as a lower alkanol, an alkyl pyrrolidone, DMSO or acetone. The present method permits the reaction to contain higher concentrations of carboxymethycellylose and less carbodiimide than conventional methods.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for producing a substantially fiber-free carboxymethyl cellulose which predominantly exhibits elastic properties, to the use thereof as a superabsorbent material, and to the use thereof as an adjuvant substance for achieving suitable rheological and water retention properties for the cosmetics, pharmaceutical and food sectors, and for industrial applications, e.g. as an additive for coating materials, for the sealing of cables and for use in tunnelling and in civil and underground engineering.

Abstract: The present invention provides a sodium ion absorption inhibitor comprising a metal salt, other than a sodium salt, of a cellulose derivatives represented by the following formula (I) as an active ingredient, whereby absorption of salt excessively present into a living body is effectively inhibited and salt excessively present is excreted outside the body positively and safely. Furthermore, the present invention provides an agent for preventing and treating diseases caused by excessive salt ingestion or diseases in which restriction on salt ingestion is required, comprising the same as an active ingredient, and foods comprising the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to an agglomerate containing at least one of the following water-soluble or water-dispersible materials as a bonding base polymer: carboxylized and/or alkoxylized starch, cellulose ether and fully synthetic vinyl polymers and/or polyacrylates. The agglomerate is characterized in that it contains a blasting agent which produces a high swelling pressure, but, advantageously, does not gel. The agglomerate can have a regular geometric form or not. Its weight should be between 0.5 and 500 g. The agglomerate is used in particular in the production of lump-free paste.

Abstract: Water-soluble, nonionic cellulose ethers selected from the group consisting of alkylcelluloses and hydroxyalkylcelluloses which are additionally substituted by butenyl groups are used as protective colloids in the preparation of aqueous polymer dispersions.

Abstract: A water insoluble, biocompatible composition that includes the reaction product of a polyanionic polysaccharide and an activating agent.

Abstract: The invention concerns an aqueous suspension of a non-ionic, water-soluble cellulose ether cross-linked with glyoxal, in the presence of an electrolytic salt which gives a pH value below 8.0 in water and at the concentration involved. Conveniently, the suspension is produced by mixing the water included with a dry blend containing the cellulose ether and the electrolytic salt, and preferably the other components of the suspension as well.

Abstract: The present invention relates to water-soluble, particularly ternary, preferably ionic, cellulose mixed ethers, more particularly to anionic water-soluble cellulose mixed ethers, as additives for drilling fluid applications.

Abstract: Disclosed are hair spray compositions containing non-ionic cellulosic ethers in a solvent base containing water and volatile organic solvent wherein the level of volatile organic solvent in the composition is about 80% or less, and wherein the non-ionic cellulose ether is characterized by a solution viscosity of less than about 50 cps at 25.degree. C. for an aqueous solution containing 3 wt. % solids and 55 wt. % ethanol. The preferred non-ionic cellulosic ether is methylhydroxypropyl cellulose.