Abstract: The dihalopropene compounds of the general formula ?I! have excellent insecticidal/acaricidal activity, so that they are satisfactorily effective for the control of noxious insects, mites and ticks.

Abstract: Compounds having anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant activity are disclosed. The compounds are useful in preventing and treating inflammatory disorders through several mechanisms. Methods of treatment employing these properties of the compounds and corresponding pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel quinoline derivatives of the formula ##STR1## which inhibit exogenously or endogenously stimulated gastric acid secretion and thus can be used in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: Novel indole, indoline and quinoline derivatives of formula (I) processes for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing them, and their use in medicine is disclosed. A structurally distinct class of compounds have now been discovered and have been found to exhibit 5HT.sub.1-D antagonist activity. In a first aspect, the present invention therefore provides a compound of formula (I) or a salt thereof, in which P is a 5-7-membered heterocyclic ring containing 1 to 3 heteroatoms selected from oxygen, nitrogen or sulphur, A, B, m, R.sup.1 -R.sup.8 are defined in the application.

Abstract: The present invention provides a fluoropropene compound represented by Formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group or other groups, Z represents an oxygen atom or other groups, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, and R.sup.4 each independently represent a C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl group or other groups, r represents an integer of 0 to 2, and X represents a halogen atom or other groups.

Abstract: The present invention provides a pharmaceutical composition for inhibiting bone resorption or for preventing or treating osteoporosis which comprises a quinoline or quinazoine derivative as an active ingredient.

Abstract: This invention relates to neurotrophic low molecular weight, small molecule N-oxides of heterocyclic esters, amides, thioesters, and ketones having an affinity for FKBP-type immunophilins, and their use as inhibitors of the enzyme activity associated with immunophilin proteins, particularly peptidyl-prolyl isomerase, or rotamase, enzyme activity.

Abstract: .alpha.- and .beta.-amino acid hydroxyethylamino sulfonamide compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: The subject invention pertains to quinolinesulfonamides. The subject compounds can be used to treat disease states, such as those that are associated with proteins that mediate cellular activity, for example, by inhibiting phosphodiesterase IV (PDE IV) or tumor necrosis factor (TNF). The invention also pertains to methods of treating disease states, including those states capable of being modulated by inhibition of PDE IV or TNF.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## in all possible racemic, enantiomeric and diastereoisomeric forms and their non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable salts with acids and bases having antagonistic properties for angiotensin II receptors and a process and novel intermediates for their properties.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds of formula 1 ##STR1## wherein X is a terminal group, for example, an aryloxycarbonyl, an alkanoyl or an optionally mono- or disubstituted carbamoyl; B is absent or an amino acid residue, for example, Val or Asn; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a ring substituent, for example, fluoro or methyl; R.sup.2 is alkyl; and Y is a ring substituent, for example, phenoxy, 2-pyridinylmethoxy, phenylthio or 2-pyridinylthio. The compounds inhibit the activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease and interfere with HIV induced cytopathogenic effects in human cells. These properties render the compounds useful for combating HIV infections.

Abstract: The present invention pertains to a method of preparing substituted and unsubstituted N-hydroxy-2-aminobutane diacid derivatives which can be dehydrated to 2-aminobut-2-ene dioic acid derivatives, which can be subsequently converted to pyridine and quinoline derivatives.

Abstract: .alpha.- and .beta.-amino acid hydroxyethylamino sulfonamide compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: Novel herbicidal tetrazolinone derivatives of the formula ##STR1## and intermediates therefor of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl substituted by halogen, andR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl, orR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together with the N-atom to which they are attached, which may form a 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring.

Abstract: This invention provides some new synthetically obtained compounds of formula I and II ##STR1## which are useful as chemical intermediates. Representative formula I or II compounds have also been shown to possess useful ranges of antitumor activity in standard laboratory animal tests.In addition, the compounds of formula I or II can be linked to monoclonal antibodies, either directly or via known linking group, as a means of selectively delivering the CC-1065 analogs (Compounds of Formula I and II) to those target cells expressing the target antigen and thus selectively eliminating those diseased cells from the animal or human. Further, the compounds of formula I and II can be linked to soluble human CD4 or a soluble human CD4 protein fragment capable of binding to the gp120 envelope protein of the human immuno-virus and thus eliminate virally infected cells.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is arylamino, N-aryl-N-(lower alkoxy-lower alkyl)-amino, N-aryl-N-aryl-lower alkyl-amino or heterocyclyl bonded via a ring carbon atom, X is a carbonyl or methylene group, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently of one another are hydrogen or lower alkyl or, together with the carbon atom with which they are bonded, are a cycloalkylidene radical, R.sub.4 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkanoyl or lower alkoxycarbonyl, R.sub.5 is hydroxyl, lower alkanoyloxy or lower alkoxycarbonyloxy, R.sub.6 is hydrogen, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, lower alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-lower alkyl, aryl-lower alkyl or heteroaryl-lower alkyl having 5 to 7 ring atoms in the heteroaryl ring and R.sub.7 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, or R.sub.6 and R.sub.7, together with the carbon atom with which they are bonded, are a cydoalkylidene radical and R.sub.

Abstract: Hydroxyethylamine compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein formula I consists of formulae (I-1) to (I-4), which are defined in the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and the use of a compound of formula I or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and their use as pharmaceuticals in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders, cardiovascular disorders and CNS disorder.

Abstract: A mesomorphic compound represented by a formula (I) containing a quinoline-2,6-diyl skeleton is suitable as a component for a liquid crystal composition providing improved response characteristics and a high contrast. A liquid crystal device is constituted by disposing the liquid crystal composition between a pair of electrode plates. The liquid crystal device may preferably be used as a display panel constituting a liquid crystal apparatus providing good display characteristics.

Abstract: Non-steroidal compounds which are high affinity, high selectivity modulators for steroid receptors are disclosed. Also disclosed are pharmaceutical compositions incorporating such compounds, methods for employing the disclosed compounds and compositions for treating patients requiring steroid receptor agonist or antagonist therapy, intermediates useful in the preparation of the compounds and processes for the preparation of the steroid receptor modulator compounds.

Abstract: Herbicidal 1-alkenyltetrazolinones of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents the group: ##STR2## or the group: ##STR3## R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently of one another, represent C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl which may optionally be substited by methyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, C.sub.2-5 alkynyl, phenyl which may optionally be substituted or aralkyl which may optionally be substituted, orR.sup.2 and R.sup.3 may optionally form, together with the N-atom to which they are bonded, a heterocyclic ring which may optionally be substituted, and novel intermediates therefor.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (I) or a salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each represent a halogen atom;R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent;R.sup.2 represents a substituted or unsubstituted bicyclic heterocyclic substituent of the following formula; ##STR2## wherein R.sup.3, R.sup.4, Y, Z, m, n, p, q and r are as defined herein;A represents a nitrogen atom or a substituted carbon atom; andR represents a hydrogen atom or a substituent. The compound exhibits potent antimicrobial activity and also high safety due to reduced lipophilicity.

Abstract: Herbicidal 1-cyclopropyl tetrazolinones of the formula ##STR1## wherein X represents C.sub.1-3 alkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl or halogen,n represents 0 to 5,R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represents C.sub.1-6 alkyl, C.sub.2-6 alkenyl, C.sub.2-6 alkynyl, C.sub.3-7 cycloalkyl which may optionally be substituted by C.sub.1-3 alkyl, epoxy-C.sub.3-5 alkan-1-yl, phenyl which may optionally be substituted, or aralkyl which may optionally be substituted, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the N-atom to which they are attached, represent a cyclic ring which may be substituted, and some novel intermediates therefor.

Abstract: 1-Acylpiperidine compound of the formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is an optionally substituted aralkyl, aryloxyalkyl, heteroaralkyl, aroyl, heteroaroyl, cycloalkylcarbonyl, aralkanoyl, heteroarylalkanoyl, aralkoxycarbonyl or arylcarbamoyl radical or the acyl radical of an .alpha.-amino acid which is optionally N-substituted by lower alkanoyl or carbamoyl-lower-alkanoyl, R.sub.2 is cycloalkyl or an optionally substituted aryl or heteroaryl radical, R.sub.3 is hydrogen, alkyl, carbamoyl or an alkanoyl or alkenoyl radical which is optionally substituted by carboxyl or esterified or amidated carboxyl, R.sub.4 is an optionally substituted aryl or optionally partially hydrogenated heteroaryl radical, X.sub.1 is methylene, ethylene, a direct linkage, an optionally ketalized carbonyl group or an optionally etherified hydroxymethylene group, X.sub.2 is alkylene, carbonyl or a direct linkage, and X.sub.

Abstract: Herbicidal tetrazolinone derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 is alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl or phenyl, andR.sup.2 is alkyl, haloalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl, alkynyl or phenyl, orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded form an optionally benzofused heterocyclic ring, which is optionally substituted by C.sub.1-4 alkyl,n is 0, 1, 2 or 3, andR.sup.3 each independently is nitro, halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkylthio or phenoxy.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel quinoline derivative useful as an anti-inflammatory agent, particularly an agent for treating arthritis, or a salt thereof. The present invention also provides a composition, particularly an anti-inflammatory composition for pharmaceutical use, comprising the novel quinoline compound of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein G is an acyl group, optionally protected hydroxyalkyl group, amidated carboxyl group or halogen atom;X is an oxygen atom, optionally oxidized sulfur atom or --(CH.sub.2).sub.q -- in which q is an integer of 0 to 5;R is an optionally substituted amino group or optionally substituted heterocyclic group;each of the ring A and ring B may optionally be substituted; andk is 0 or 1.

Abstract: This invention relates to 3-quinolyl-substituted dihydropyridine derivatives, such as ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds are used in treating cardiovascular disease.

Abstract: Methods of treating asthma are provided which methods comprise administering to a mammal in need of such treatment an effective amount of a compound of Formula I ##STR1## or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.10 and R.sup.11 have any of the meanings given in the specification.

Abstract: Tricyclic quinoxalinediones of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is alkyl, halogen, cyano, trifluoromethyl, nitro, hydroxy, amino, etc.; R.sup.1 is H, etc.; R.sup.2 is H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkylalkyl, arylalkyl, substituted arylalkyl, aryl, or substituted aryl; W is H, CO.sub.2 R.sup.3, CO.sub.2 Y, CONR.sup.3 R.sup.4, CONR.sup.3 Y, CON(OR.sup.3)R.sup.4, COR.sup.3, CN, tetrazolyl, or substituted alkyl; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 independently are H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compounds of formula 1 ##STR1## wherein X is a terminal group, for example, an aryloxycarbonyl, an alkanoyl or an optionally mono- or disubstituted carbamoyl; B is absent or an amino acid residue, for example, Val or Ash; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or a ring substituent, for example, fluoro or methyl; R.sup.2 is alkyl; and Y is a ring substituent, for example, phenoxy, 2-pyridinylmethoxy, phenylthio or 2-pyridinylthio. The compounds inhibit the activity of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) protease and interfere with HIV induced cytopathogenic effects in human cells. These properties render the compounds useful for combating HIV infections.

Abstract: A novel compound represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein Ring A and Ring B respectively stands for an optionally substituted homo- or hetero-cyclic ring, and at least one of them stands for an optionally substituted heterocyclic ring stand; Ring C stands for an optionally substituted benzene ring; R stands for a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon residue; one of X and Y stands for --NR.sup.1 -- (R.sup.1 stands for a hydrogen atom or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon residue) or --O--, and the other stands for--CO-- or --CS--, or one of them stands for --N.dbd. and the other stands for .dbd.CR.sup.2 -- (R.sup.2 stands for a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom, an optionally substituted hydrocarbon residue, an optionally substituted amino group or an optionally substituted hydroxyl group); n denotes 1 or 2 or salts thereof which have an excellent tachykinin receptor antagonistic action and inhibitory action on plasma extravasation.

Abstract: Non-peptide, protease-binding compounds are described as useful in the detection, labelling, and inhibition of retroviral proteases. Aryl piperidinyl derivatives and other compounds related in structure have been found to be HIV-1 and HIV-2 protease-binding compounds.

Abstract: .alpha.- and .beta.-amino acid hydroxyethylamino sulfonyl urea derivative compounds are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: This invention relates to a class of novel aliphatic amino bis-aryl compounds containing at least four carbon atoms and an amino group either substituted thereon or incorporated therein and is further linked or bridged to two mono- and/or bicyclic rings. Compounds of this invention reduce levels of serum cholesterol in the body without significantly reducing mevalonic metabolite synthesis. This invention relates also to pharmacological compositions and method of treatment for lowering serum cholesterol levels using the compounds of this invention.

Abstract: Compounds of formulaA(B).sub.x, (I),whereinx is an integer from 1 to 4,A is the radical of a chromophore of the quinacridone, anthraquinone, perylene, indigo, quinophthalone, isoindolinone, isoindoline, dioxazine, phthalocyanine or azo series, which radical contains x N-atoms attached to B, preferably with at least one directly adjacent or conjugated carbonyl group,B is a group of formula ##STR1## and, if x is 2, 3 or 4, may also be one, two or three hydrogen atoms. The symbols Q, R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, X, Y, Z, m and n, are as defined in claim 1. These carbamate group-containing soluble chromophores am distinguished by outstanding solid state fluorescence in the UV range as well as the by ease with which they can be converted to the corresponding pigments in the substrate in which they are incorporated.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with antiretroviral (e.g. anti-HIV-1) compounds having the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently are halo or methyl; R.sup.3 is hydrogen, halo, nitro or trifluoromethyl; R.sup.4 is trifluoromethyl or methylcarbonyl; or a radical --C(.dbd.X)--NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 wherein X is O or S, and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each independently are hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; or a radical -Alk-R.sup.7, wherein Alk is C.sub.1-4 alkanediyl; and R.sup.7 is hydrogen or hydroxy;Het is a heterocyclic radical of formula: ##STR2## Pharmaceutical compositions containing said compounds of formula (I) and processes of preparing said compounds and compositions.

Abstract: Anhydride compounds which contain at least one rodlike mesogenic moiety and at least two anhydride groups per molecule, wherein each of said aromatic anhydride groups is linked to the mesogen via an ester linkage are prepared. These anhydride compounds are useful in curing epoxy resins to provide the cured products with one or more improved properties.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.3 is hydrogen or lower alkyl, R.sup.4 is pyridyl (lower) alkyl; andR.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.5 and A are defined in the description;or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, which have endothelin antagonistic activity.

Abstract: Certain N-acetonyl-substituted-amides of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a heterocycle, a phenylalkyl, a phenylalkoxy, naphthyl, cycloalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkyl, haloalkyl or alkenyl group; X, Y and Z are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, halo, cyano, thiocyano, isothiocyano, methylsulfonyloxy, thio(C.sub.1 -C.sub.2)alkyl, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.2)alkoxy, carbamoyl, dithiocarbamoyl, hydroxy, azide, trifluoromethylcarboxy, (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkylcarbonyloxy, phenylcarbonyloxy, phenoxy, thiophenyl, imidazolyl or triazolyl group as described herein; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)alkyl group; and compositions containing these amides are fungicidally active, particularly against phytopathogenic fungi.

Abstract: The present invention relates to synthetic intermediates useful for preparing amino acid derivatives possessing renin-inhibitory activity, and to processes for preparing the amino acid derivatives using the synthetic intermediates.

Abstract: A cyclic amine is defined by the formula: ##STR1## in which A is naphthyl, phenyl, quinolyl or alkyl, X is a group containing carbonyl, n is 2 or 3 and B is alkyl, halogen, phenyl or --YZ, Y being --0--, --CO-- or --NH--, Z being phenyl, naphthyl, pyridyl, alkyl or cycloalkyl. It is useful to treat a mental symptoms associated with a cerebrovascular disease.

Abstract: The invention concerns .alpha.,.alpha.-dialkylbenzyl derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## wherein Ar.sup.1 is phenyl or naphthyl, or a 10-membered bicyclic heterocyclic moiety containing one or two nitrogen heteroatoms and optionally containing a further heteroatom selected from nitrogen, oxygen and sulphur;A.sup.1 is a direct link to X.sup.1 or is (1-3C)alkylene;X.sup.1 is oxy, thio, sulphinyl or sulphonyl;the phenylene group may optionally bear one or two substituents R.sup.3 ;each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which may be the same or different is (1-4C)alkyl, (2-4C)alkenyl, (2-4C)alkynyl, fluoro-(1-4C)alkyl, phenyl or phenyl-(1-4C)alkyl, provided that both of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are not methyl or fluoromethyl; andQ is cyano, amino, nitro, formyl, (1-4C)alkoxy, thiazolyl or (2-4C)alkanoyl;or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof;processes for their manufacture; pharmaceutical compositions containing them and their use as 5-lipoxygenase inhibitors.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula I: ##STR1## are antagonists of the actions of leukotrienes. These compounds are useful as anti-asthmatic, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, and cytoprotective agents. They are also useful in treating angina, cerebral spasm, glomerular nephritis, hepatitis, endotoxemia, uveitis, and allograft rejection.

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a tetrahydrobenzimidazole derivative represented by Formula (Ib): ##STR1## wherein Het representa s heterocyclic group which may be substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of a lower alkyl group, a lower alkenyl group, a lower alkynyl group, a cycloalkyl-lower alkyl group, an aralkyl group, a lower alkoxycarbonyl group, and a halogen atom; and X.sup.2 represents a single bond connected to the carbon atom of the heterocyclic ring as represented by Het. The process comprises reacting a heterocyclic compound represented by Formula (IIIa):Het--X.sup.2 --H (IIIa)wherein Het and X.sup.2 are as defined above, with a carboxylic acid represented by Formula (II): ##STR2## or a reactive derivative thereof.

Abstract: Dioxobutanoic acids substituted with piperidine or similar N-substituted saturated cycloalkyls are found to inhibit the cap-dependent endonuclease of influenza virus. These compounds are useful in the prevention or treatment of infection by influenza virus and the treatment of influenza, either as compound, pharmaceutically acceptable salts,. pharmaceutical composition ingredients, whether or not in combination with other antivirals, immunomodulators, antibiotics or vaccines. Methods of treating influenza and methods of preventing or treating infection by influenza virus are also described.

Abstract: Compounds of formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or alkoxycarbonyl radical or a phenyl radical, optionally substituted,R.sub.2 represents an alkoxy, optionally substituted cycloalkyloxy, cycloalkylalkyloxy, phenylalkyloxy, polyfluoroalkyloxy or cinnamyloxy radical or a radical --NR.sub.5 R.sub.6,R.sub.3 represents a phenylamino radical in which the phenyl ring is optionally substituted, an optionally substituted phenyl radical or a naphthyl, indolyl or quinolyl radical,R.sub.4 represents a substituted phenyl radical,R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, which may be identical or different, represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl, optionally substituted phenyl, indanyl, cycloalkylalkyl, cycloalkyl or phenylalkyl radical, or alternatively R.sub.5 and R.sub.6, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, form a heterocycle, their preparation and medicinal products containing them.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I ##STR1## wherein A denotes a group having an electron acceptor character;Az denotes a group for completing a 5-membered heteroaromatic ring (azole ring) to which a 5- or 6-membered carbocyclic or heterocyclic ring may be attached by condensation andQ denotes a group for completing a condensed benzene or pyridine ringare prepared by oxidizing a compound of formula II ##STR2## wherein A and Q have the meanings indicatedwith an oxidizing agent which transfers acyloxy groups and then reacting the product with a compound of formula III ##STR3## wherein Az has the meaning indicated.

Abstract: A compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is H or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon or acyl group; ring A is an optionally further substituted benzene ring; n is an integer of 1 to 10; R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are H or an optionally substituted hydrocarbon group; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 may form an optionally substituted heterocyclic group, taken together with the adjacent nitrogen atom; k is an integer of 0 to 3; and m is an integer of 1 to 8; provided that when k=0 and m=2, n is an integer of not less than 2 or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, exhibiting excellent cholinesterase inhibitory activity and monoamine reuptake inhibitory activity, thus being useful as therapeutic/prophylactic medicaments of senile dementia.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## in which the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.6, X, Y and Z have the stated meanings, and processes for the preparation of these compounds are described. The compounds have valuable pharmacological properties and can therefore be used as pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A pyridine-compound is reacted with fluorine together with a .[.Bronsted.]. .Iadd.Bronsted .Iaddend.acid-compound or Lewis acid to form a N-fluoropyridinium salt which is very active to other compounds but is very selective for the preparation of a desired product and this product is very useful for a fluorine-introducing agent which makes it useful for the preparation of fluoro-compounds such as thyroid inhibitor.