Abstract: A method of preparing polymer, the method comprising polymerising one or more ethylenically unsaturated monomers of formula (I) where U is selected from H, C1-C4 alkyl or halogen; V is halogen or of the form O-G where G is selected from —C(O)R1 and —R1, or V is of the form NGGa where G is as defined above and Ga is selected from H and R1, G and Ga form together with N a heterocyclic ring, or V is of the form CH2Gb where Gb is selected from H, R1, OH, OR1, NR12, PR12, P(O)R12, P(OR1)2, SR1, SOR1, and SO2R1; and where the or each R1 is independently selected from optionally substituted alkyl, optionally substituted alkenyl, optionally substituted alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted heteroaryl, optionally substituted carbocyclyl, optionally substituted heterocyclyl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted heteroarylalkyl, optionally substituted alkylaryl, optionally substituted alkylheteroaryl, and an optionally substituted polymer chain, under the control of a RA

Abstract: The invention relates to spirocyclically substituted 1,3-propane dioxide derivatives, and to the physiologically compatible salts thereof. The invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, A and X are each defined as specified, and the physiologically compatible salts thereof. The compounds are suitable, for example, for treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: MCHR1 antagonists are provided having the following Formula I: wherein all of the variables are defined herein. Such compounds are useful for the treatment of MCHR1 mediated diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, IBD, depression, and anxiety.

Abstract: GPR120 agonists are provided. These compounds are useful for the treatment of metabolic diseases, including Type II diabetes and diseases associated with poor glycemic control.

Abstract: This invention relates to novel substituted pyridinones, their deuterium-modified derivatives and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof. This invention also provides compositions comprising a compound of this invention and the use of such compositions in methods of treating diseases and conditions that are beneficially treated by administering a TNF (tumor necrosis factor) alpha production inhibitor/TGF (transforming growth factor) beta inhibitor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to di(hetero)arylcyclohexane derivatives of the formula I, in which Ar1, Ar2, R1 and R2 have the meanings indicated in the claims. The compounds of the formula I are valuable pharmaceutical active compounds which inhibit ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the heart muscle and are suitable, for example, for the treatment of disorders of the cardiovascular system such as arrhythmias or a decreased contractility of the heart, such as can occur, for example, in coronary heart disease, cardiac insufficiency or cardiomyopathies. In particular, they are suitable for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. The invention furthermore relates to processes and intermediates for the preparation of the compounds of the formula I, their use and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Abstract: The present invention provides salt adducts comprising at least one positively charged moiety being a pyridoxine or a derivative thereof and at least one carboxylated 5- to 7-membered lactam ring, optionally additionally substituted, methods of their preparation, and pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments comprising them. Salt adducts of the invention and compositions comprising them may be used to in the treatment of diseases or disorders associated with or inflicted by alcohol consumption.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of compounds of Formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, Y, X, and G have the meanings given above as insecticides and/or acaricides and/or fungicides.

Abstract: A cyclohexane derivative having the function of reducing a blood sugar level and having preferable properties required of medicines, such as long-lasting drug activity, metabolic stability, and safety; and a medicinal composition for use in the prevention or treatment of diseases attributable to hyperglycemia, such as diabetes, e.g., insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (type 1 diabetes) or noninsulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (type 2 diabetes), complications of diabetes, and obesity.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula I in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 and X have the meanings stated in the claims. The compounds are particularly suitable as antiarrhythmic active ingredients, in particular for the treatment and prophylaxis of atrial arrhythmias, for example atrial fibrillation (AF) or atrial flutter.

Abstract: Heterocyclic compounds of the formula I in which the variables are defined according to the description, their agriculturally suitable salts, processes and intermediates for preparing the compounds of the formula I, compositions comprising them and their use as herbicides, i.e. for controlling harmful plants, and also a method for controlling unwanted vegetation which comprises allowing a herbicidally effective amount of at least one compound of the formula I to act on plants, their seed and/or their habitat.

Abstract: A 2-pyridone compound represented by the formula [1]: {wherein in the formula [1], the ring represented by A represents a benzene ring or a pyridine ring, X represents any of the structures represented by the formulas [3] shown below: V represents a single bond or a lower alkylene group, and W represents a single bond, an ether bond or a lower alkylene group (wherein the lower alkylene group may contain an ether bond)}, a tautomer or stereoisomer of the compound, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a solvate thereof is a compound that has an excellent GK activating effect and is useful as a pharmaceutical.

Abstract: Compounds of the invention, such as compounds of formula (I): where n, m, A, B, R1, R2, R3, R4 and R5 are defined herein, are useful as modulators of the activity of liver X receptors. Pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and methods of using the compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds useful for the early diagnosis of malignant tumors, multiple sclerosis, and especially Alzheimer's Disease and related dementias; especially compounds of Formula (I) wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, cyano, fluoro, iodo, alkyl, and aryl; R2 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl, and aryl; X is selected from the group consisting of CH2, CH2O, oxygen, OCH2, CH2S, SCH2, NH, N-alkyl, and N-aryl; Y is an optional spacer group, absent or selected from the group consisting of oxygen, sulfur, NH, N-alkyl, and N-aryl; and Z is selected from the group consisting of alkyl substituted with cyano, fluoro, or iodo and aryl substituted with cyano, fluoro, or iodo. In a preferred embodiment, R1 and R2 are hydrogen, X is CH2O, Y is absent, and Z is phenyl substituted with fluoro, cyano, or iodo. In some embodiments, Z is more specifically 18F-phenyl or 123I-phenyl or 131I-phenyl. Other compounds are also provided.

Abstract: Compounds, compositions and methods for modulating the activity of nuclear receptors are provided. In particular, heterocyclic compounds are provided for modulating the activity of nuclear receptors, including liver X receptor (LXR) and orphan nuclear receptors. In certain embodiments, the compounds are N-substituted pyridones.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel PPAR agonist compounds as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing them. The compounds according to the invention are of quite particular therapeutic interest, notably for treating diabetes and/or dyslipidemias, as well as for preventing cardiovascular pathologies.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) are disclosed and are suitable for the treatment of seborrheic dermatitis.

Abstract: The present invention provides N-substituted-2(1H) pyridones or the pharmaceutical acceptable salts thereof, and the pharmaceutical preparations containing the compounds. The compounds of the present invention can be used to treat various fibrotic diseases effectively, e.g., hepatic fibrosis.

Abstract: The present invention provides, inter alia, dihydropyridone compounds and compositions, including analogs of a vesicular monoamine transporter type 2 (VMAT2) antagonist. The present invention also provides methods of using such compounds/analogs for modulating glucose levels, and/or preventing, treating, or ameliorating the effects of diabetes and hyper-glycemia.

Abstract: Derivatives of 1-phenyl-2-pyridinyl alkyl alcohols are useful as inhibitors of the phosphodiesterase 4 (PDE4) enzyme.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides non-naturally occurring polyphenol compounds that upregulate the expression of Apolipoprotein A-I (ApoA-I). The disclosed compositions and methods can be used for treatment and prevention of cardiovascular disease and related disease states, including cholesterol or lipid related disorders, such as, e.g., atherosclerosis.

Abstract: A method of making a 5-formylporphyrin, comprises the steps of: condensing a 5-acetaldipyrromethane with a dipyrromethane-1,9-dicarbinol to produce a porphyrin having an acetal group substituted thereon at the 5 position; and then hydrolyzing said porphyrin to produce said 5-formylporphyrin. Products and intermediates useful in such methods, along with methods of making such intermediates, are also described.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) are disclosed. Compounds according to the invention bind to and are agonists, antagonists or inverse agonists of the CB2 receptor, and are useful for treating inflammation. Those compounds which are agonists are additionally useful for treating pain.

Abstract: Compounds that are 1,3,4-trisubstituted benzenes which modulate (e.g., inhibit) the activity of ?-secretase. The compounds are expected to reduce the level of A?42 in patients and be useful in the treatment of diseases (e.g., Alzheimer's disease) characterized by elevated levels of A?42 and/or the formation of A? plaques.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds of formula (I); pharmaceutical compositions thereof, and methods of using the same, processes or preparing the same, and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: The invention provides non-oxidative methods for the large scale manufacture of pyridoxamine (I) (4-aminomethyl-3-hydroxy-5-hydroxymethyl-2-methylpyridine): and salts thereof. The invention also provides intermediate compounds for the synthesis of pyridoxamine, as well as compositions and methods for the treatment and/or prevention of conditions associated with the formation of post-Amadori advanced glycation end-products.

Abstract: A method of providing a range of flavors to an orally-receivable or ingestible product, the method including adding at least one compound, including salts thereof, of the formula: wherein R1 may be H, OH, O(CH2)2OH, OCH2OCH3 or R2 may be selected from a range of 5- and 6-membered heterocyclic rings, and wherein R3 may be H or OH. The compounds give rise to a wide range of flavors, and some are useful as sweetness enhancers, this allowing sweetener content to be reduced while maintaining sweetness. Also disclosed are orally-receivable or ingestible products including the compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods and compositions of metadoxine and physiologically compatible active derivatives thereof, and their use for decreasing symptoms of alcohol consumption as well as in the prevention of alcohol consumption related symptoms in subjects in need thereof.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 2-hydroxy-4-substituted pyridine compound using a microbiological method, a novel microorganism, and a novel compound are provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of modulating a stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) system with an active compound, wherein the active compound exhibits low potency for inhibition of at least one p38 MAPK; and wherein the contacting is conducted at a SAPK-modulating concentration that is at a low percentage inhibitory concentration for inhibition of the at least one p38 MAPK by the compound. Also disclosed are derivatives of pirfenidone. These derivatives can modulate a stress activated protein kinase (SAPK) system.

Abstract: This invention provides a convenient method for converting imines and other electrophiles into heterocyclic ring systems. The process does not require the use of metallic reagents, and is catalyzed by an organic heterocyclic carbene catalyst. Accordingly, it produces the desired compounds without the concomitant production of a large volume of metallic waste. Chiral heterocyclic carbene catalysts of the invention and methods of using these catalysts produce chiral heterocycles in high enantiomeric and diastereomeric excess.

Abstract: Di(hetero)arylcyclohexane derivatives, their preparation, their use and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them The present invention relates to di(hetero)arylcyclohexane derivatives of the formula I, in which Ar1, Ar2, R1 and R2 have the meanings indicated in the claims. The compounds of the formula I are valuable pharmaceutical active compounds which inhibit ATP-sensitive potassium channels in the heart muscle and are suitable, for example, for the treatment of disorders of the cardiovascular system such as arrhythmias or a decreased contractility of the heart, such as can occur, for example, in coronary heart disease, cardiac insufficiency or cardiomyopathies. In particular, they are suitable for the prevention of sudden cardiac death. The invention furthermore relates to processes and intermediates for the preparation of the compounds of the formula I, their use and pharmaceutical compositions comprising them.

Abstract: GPR120 agonists are provided. These compounds are useful for the treatment of metabolic diseases, including Type II diabetes and diseases associated with poor glycemic control.

Abstract: A compound for use in the treatment of proliferative disorders, such as cancer, having the following formula: wherein: R1, R2 and R3 are independently H or lower alkyl; R4, R5, R6, R7 and R8 are independently H, halo, lower alkyl or —O-lower alkyl, provided that at least one is —O-lower alkyl; or at least one pair of R4 to R8, the members of which pair are adjacent to one another on the ring, are conjoined to form —O—(CR14R15)n—O—, where n is 1 or 2 and R14 and R15 are independently H or lower alkyl, and the remainder of R4 to R8 are independently H, halo, lower alkyl or —O-lower alkyl; and R9, R10, R11, R12 and R13 are independently H, halo, lower alkyl or —O— lower alkyl, provided that at least one is —O-lower alkyl; or at least one pair of R9 to R13, the members of which pair are adjacent to one another on the ring, are conjoined to form —O—(CR16R17)m—O—, where m is 1 or 2 and R16 and R17 are independently H or lower alkyl, and the remainder of R9 to R13 are independently H, halo, lower alkyl or —O-l

Abstract: The invention is directed to compounds and methods for treating protein folder disorders. In certain embodiments the invention provides compounds and methods for treating neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, tauopathy, cerebral amyloid angiopathy, Lewy body disease, dementia, Huntington's disease and prion-based spongiform encelopathy. The invention further provides compounds, methods and pharmaceutical compositions for inhibiting tau protein, A? protein or ?-synuclein protein aggregation.

Abstract: The invention provides pyridone derivatives represented by a general formula (I) [in the formula, R1 and R2 may be same or different and stands for H, etc., or R1 and R2 may form an aliphatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group together with the N to which they bind; X1-X3 may be same or different and stand for methine or N, provided not all of them simultaneously stand for nitrogen; X4-X7 may be same or different and stand for methine or N, provided that three or more of them do not simultaneously stand for N; Y1 and Y3 may be same or different and stand for single bond, —O—, —NR—, —S—, etc; Y2 stands for lower lkylene, etc.; R stands for H, etc., L stands for methylene; Z1 and Z2 may be same or different and stand for single bond or lower alkylene; or R1, L and Z2 may form an aliphatic nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group with the N to which R1 binds; and Ar stands for aromatic carbocyclic group, etc.].

Abstract: The present application relates to a new process for the asymmetric production of 3-(pyridin-4-yl)-3-hydroxy-pentanoic acid derivatives, which are useful intermediates in the manufacture of compounds that are known to show antiproliferative activity.

Abstract: The present invention is directed towards the synthesis of novel and new chloropyridine skeleton based compounds and these are Bayllis Hillman adducts having a remarkable in vitro anti-malarial activity. These compounds have been found to possess anti-malarial activity against chloroquine sensitive and chloroquine resistant Plasmodium falciparum. The anti-malarial compounds of the present invention inhibit the mature schizonts in vitro.

Abstract: A method of providing a range of flavors to an orally-receivable or ingestible product, the method including adding at least one compound, including salts thereof, of the formula: wherein R1 may be H, OH, O(CH2)2OH, OCH2OCH3 or R2 may be selected from a range of 5- and 6-membered heterocyclic rings, and wherein R3 may be H or OH. The compounds give rise to a wide range of flavors, and some are useful as sweetness enhancers, this allowing sweetener content to be reduced while maintaining sweetness. Also disclosed are orally-receivable or ingestible products including the compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel compound or a salt thereof, which is useful as a CRTH2 antagonist, especially as a medicament for disorder that participates eosinophil, for example, allergic disorder such as asthma, allergic rhinitis, allergic dermatitis, conjunctival inflammation, hives, eosinophilic bronchitis, food allergy, inflammation of the nasal sinuses, multiple sclerosis, angiitis, or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the like.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I): in which R, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the description, the use thereof for the treatment of dyslipidaemia, atherosclerosis and diabetes, pharmaceutical compositions comprising them, and processes for the preparation of these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to substituted pyridines, methods for their preparation and methods for their use in the treatment and/or prevention of mast cell related conditions.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I, wherein R1, Z, Y, M and R2 are as defined in the specification, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical composition containing the same, methods of using the same for therapeutic purposes and methods of making the same.

Abstract: The Spiro compound represented by the following general formula [Ia], its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or a solvate thereof

Abstract: A method of making a 5-formylporphyrin, comprises the steps of: condensing a 5-acetaldipyrromethane with a dipyrromethane-1,9-dicarbinol to produce a porphyrin having an acetal group substituted thereon at the 5 position; and then hydrolyzing said porphyrin to produce said 5-formylporphyrin. Products and intermediates useful in such methods, along with methods of making such intermediates, are also described.

Abstract: This invention provides novel compounds, and pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof, that are useful as caspase inhibitors. These compounds have the general formula I: where R1, R2, and R3 are as described herein, Ring A contains zero to two double bonds, each X is independently selected from nitrogen or carbon, at least one X in Ring A is a nitrogen, Ring A is optionally substituted as described, and may be fused to a saturated or unsaturated five to seven membered ring containing zero to three heteroatoms, and provided that when X3 is a carbon, a substituent on X3 is attached by an atom other than nitrogen.

Abstract: Selected amines are effective for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases, such as angiogenesis mediated diseases. The invention encompasses novel compounds, analogs, prodrugs and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, pharmaceutical compositions and methods for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases and other maladies or conditions involving, cancer and the like. The subject invention also relates to processes for making such compounds as well as to intermediates useful in such processes.

Abstract: It is an objective of the present invention to provide a novel peritoneal membrane protecting agent which can effectively suppress deterioration of peritoneal functions in long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD) patients and the like. The present invention provides a peritoneal membrane protecting agent comprising a pyridoxine or a salt thereof, as an active ingredient.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds which are potentiators of metabotropic glutamate receptors, including the mGluR2 receptor, and which are useful in the treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction and diseases in which metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 2-hydroxy-4-substituted pyridine compound using a microbiological method, a novel microorganism, and a novel compound are provided. According to the process, a function of a microorganism or a product obtained therefrom is exerted on a 4-substituted pyridine of the general formula (1): wherein R is a methyl group, a carboxyl group, a carbamoyl group, a hydroxyiminomethyl group or a cyano group, to obtain the corresponding 2-hydroxy-4-substituted pyridine compound. The novel microorganisms are the Delftia species YGK-A649 (FERM BP-10389), Delftia species YGK-C217 (FERM BP-10388), or Acidovorax species YGK-A854 (FERM BP-10387) and the novel compound is a 2-hydroxy-4-pyridinaldoxime.