Abstract: The present invention provides the compounds of formulae and electronic devices comprising these compounds.

Abstract: A method for manufacturing cubic diamond nanocrystals (10) comprising the following successive steps: (a) providing crystalline diamond powder where the maximum particle size of the powder is equal or more than 2 um and equal or less than 1 mm; (b) milling said crystalline micron diamond powder using nitrogen jet milling micronization so as to manufacture a fine powder; (c) nanomilling the fine powder of step b) using a planetary tungsten carbide ball mill; (d) acid treating the nanomilled powder of step c); (e) extracting the cubic diamond nanocrystals (10) by centrifugation. Advantageously round-shaped cubic diamond nanocrystals are manufactured.

Abstract: A heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 below and an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound: wherein R1 and R2, and A and A? are defined as in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to carbazolocarbazol-bis(dicarboximides), a method for their preparation and their use as semiconductors, in particular as semiconductors in organic electronics and organic photovoltaics.

Abstract: Provided is a compound including residues derived from a compound represented by Formula (1) and a divalent aromatic group, wherein the number of the residues is 2 to 4, the number of the divalent aromatic group is 1 to 3, and the sum of the numbers of the residues and the divalent aromatic group is 3 to 5. In Formula (1), each of Y1 to Y4 represent a group represented by any of the following Formula (2); in the following Formula (2), R? represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl group; each of P1 to P4 represents an atomic group forming a heterocyclic ring containing Y1 to Y4; P5 and P6 represent an atomic group forming an aromatic ring or a heterocyclic ring; Q1 and Q2 represent a linking group or a direct bond; and Z1 and Z2 represent a hydrogen atom or a group represented by any of the following Formula (3); and in the following Formula (3), R? represents a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbyl group.

Abstract: A material for an organic electroluminescence device including at least one of compounds shown by the following formula (Ia), (Ib), (IIa), (IIb), (III), (IVa) or (IVb):

Abstract: A heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 below and an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound: wherein X1 and X2, X1 and R1 to R10 are defined as in the specification.

Abstract: A heterocyclic compound, an organic light-emitting diode, and a flat display device, the heterocyclic compound being represented by Formula 1, below:

Abstract: A heterocyclic compound represented by Formula 1 below and an organic light-emitting device including the heterocyclic compound: wherein R1 and R2, and A and A? are defined as in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid derivates, to a process for their preparation and to their use, especially as an n-type semiconductor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for synthesizing 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl prodrug derivatives of drugs through oxidation of 1-acyl-alkyl derivatives of drugs under anhydrous reaction conditions. The methods typically proceed stereospecifically, in high yield, do not require the use of activated intermediates and/or toxic compounds and are readily amenable to scale-up.

Abstract: The reaction of aromatic nitriles with perylenetetracarboximides affords colorants which fluoresce strongly in the long-wave region and are of the formula in which one pair Q1 and Q2 or one pair Q2 and Q3, and optionally from 0 to 3 pairs Q3 and Q4, Q5 and Q6, Q6 and Q7 and/or Q7 and Q8, in each case in pairs, together form a heterocyclic ring the remaining Q1, Q4, Q5 and Q8 which do not form a heterocyclic ring are each hydrogen, and the remaining Q3, Q6 and Q7 which do not form a heterocyclic ring are each independently R5 or R6. R1 to R8 are each H, CN, halogen or optionally mono- or polysubstituted hydrocarbon groups. Establishing a suitable pH achieves a large Stokes shift in these colorants via the ESPT mechanism.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are methods for synthesizing 1-(acyloxy)-alkyl prodrug derivatives of drugs through oxidation of 1-acyl-alkyl derivatives of drugs under anhydrous reaction conditions. The methods typically proceed stereospecifically, in high yield, do not require the use of activated intermediates and/or toxic compounds and are readily amenable to scale-up.

Abstract: The present invention relates to naphthalenetetracarboxylic acid derivates, to a process for their preparation and to their use, especially as an n-type semiconductor.

Abstract: This invention relates to process for preparing fluorinated dyes selected from the group consisting of compounds of the general formulae (I) and (III) and mixtures thereof by reacting the corresponding compounds which do not have R12 or R30 as substituents with compounds of the general formula R12A or R30A where A is selected from the group consisting of I and Br, the compounds obtained from said process and the use of these fluorinated dyes in electrophoretic displays.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are identical or different and are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryl, (C.sub.6 -C.sub.10)-aryl-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkyl or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.6)-alkyl-(C.sub.6 -C.sub.10)-aryl, it being possible for the alkyl and/or aryl radicals to be substituted by hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkoxy, C.sub.6 -C.sub.10 -aryloxy or halogen,with the proviso that R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not simultaneously hydrogen,R.sub.3 is a radical of the formula (II) or (III) ##STR2## in which Y and R.sub.5 are as defined in the description, are valuable colorants for the mass coloring of polymers, in electrophotographic toners and developers, in powder coating materials and in ink-jet inks.

Abstract: A bisphosphonic acid derivative of the formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof: ##STR1## wherein A is ##STR2## each of R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, is (i) a hydrogen atom, (ii) a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-6 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-6 alkynyl group, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl-carbonyl group, a C.sub.2-6 alkenyl-carbonyl group, a C.sub.2-6 alkynyl-carbonyl group R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, a cyano group, a carbamoyl group, an aralkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted amino group, a C.sub.1-6 alkyl group, a C.sub.2-6 alkenyl group, a C.sub.2-6 alkynyl group;each of m and n is 0 or a positive integer, provided that (m+n) is from 2 to 5; andR is a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1-8 alkyl group or a C.sub.7-15 aralkyl group.

Abstract: A chromophoric molecule capable of forming stable complexes with urea, guanidine or amidine compounds and the acid addition salts thereof which comprises a nucleous of heterocyclic rings.

Abstract: Dyes of the formula ##STR1## in which F is the radical of an indigoid dye, of a benzothioxanthene or of an aromatic dye which contains at least 4 alicyclic and/or heterocyclic, fused six-membered rings and at least two ring keto groups and is not water-soluble, R.sub.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-4 -alkyl radical, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl radical, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical or a radical of the formula--A--Qwhere A is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-4 -alkylene radical and Q is a basic radical, which may be quaternised, and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-4 -alkyl radical, or in which R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 together with the ##STR2## group are a phthalimide radical, and R.sub.3 is hydrogen, a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-4 -alkyl radical, a substituted or unsubstituted aryl radical, a C.sub.1-4 -alkoxycarbonyl radical or a N,N-di-C.sub.1-4 -alkylcarboxamide radical and n is 1, 2, 3 or 4.

Abstract: The conventional condensation of naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid with 1,2-diaminobenzene gives the resulting naphthoylenebisbenzimidazole isomers together in the cis and trans form. It is desirable to shift the isomer ratio of the mixture obtained toward the desirable trans product and to reduce the amount of cis product obtained. It is also desirable to develop a process of preparation which optimizes the yield and improves the waste water situation.This object is achieved according to the invention by subjecting virtually stoichiometric amounts of the starting compounds to a precondensation at 60.degree. to 110.degree. C. in an aqueous medium and then completing the condensation in the aqueous medium in a second stage at 130.degree. to 180.degree. C.

Abstract: A molecule capable of forming stable complexes with urea, guanidine or amidine compounds and the acid addition salts thereof comprises a nucleus of heterocyclic rings.

Abstract: Pigments of the formula I ##STR1## where A is a five- or six-membered aromatic fused or unfused heterocycle which contains one to three hetero atoms from the series consisting of nitrogen and/or oxygen and/or sulfur and which is bonded to the methylene group via a carbon atom, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each hydrogen, alkyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.4, alkylene C.sub.2 or aryl, and together R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 may also be an aliphatic or aromatic ring, R.sub.3 is hydrogen, alkyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 hydroxylkyl C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 or alkylene C.sub.2, P is the radical of a polycyclic pigment or a radical of a mix-crystal of polycyclic pigments, and n is a number from 0.0001 to 0.

Abstract: A process for the wet granulation of organic pigment is disclosed which consists in treating under vigorous agitation an aqueous suspension of pigment with acetic anhydride, propionic anhydride or a mixture thereof. Acetic anhydride is used preferentially. After hydrolysis of the anhydride, besides the granules, an aqueous solution of acid or its corresponding salt, directly saleable or re-usable in the chemical industry, is recovered whereby problems related to the recovery of organic solvents are avoided.

Abstract: Dyes of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.6 -alkenyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 -alkenyl, R.sup.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl or hydroxy-C.sub.2 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, X.sup..crclbar. is one equivalent of an anion, mis from 0 to 5 and n is from 0 to 5, with 1.ltoreq.(m+n).ltoreq.5, and F is an (m+n)-valent radical of a monoazo dye, a disazo dye, a polyazo dye, a quinophthalone, a bis-dioxazine, a compound of the 5,6-arylo-2-pyrone series, a naphtholactam dye, a triphenylmethane dye, a xanthene dye, a phthalocyanine, an indigoid, an anthraquinone dye containing one or more phenyl or naphthyl groups, a more highly fused carbonyl-containing dye, a quinacridone, a perylene-3,4,9,10-tetracarboxylic acid diimide, an anthrapyrimidine, a pyrazoloanthrone, a diaminonaphthoquinone, a naphthazarine or a naphthalene-1,4,5,8-tetracarboxylic acid diimide.

Abstract: In spite of their pigment character, dyestuffs of the formula ##STR1## are outstandingly suitable for dyeing synthetic fibres, in particular polyester fibres, by customary methods, strong yellow dyeings with good fastness to light and sublimation being obtained. In the abovementioned formula:R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 denote hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl, alkoxycarbonylalkyl or aryl,R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 denote alkylcarbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, --CN or --CONX.sub.1 X.sub.2,X.sub.1 denotes hydrogen, alkyl, aralkyl, aryl or cycloalkyl andX.sub.2 denotes hydrogen or alkyl.

Abstract: A method for clear-coloring of linear aromatic polyesters, which comprises mixing at least one pigment selected from the group consisting of a pigment of the formula ##STR1## and pigments of the formula ##STR2## wherein X.sub.1 and X.sub.2 represent a hydrogen atom, a chlorine atom or a methyl group, and X.sub.3 represents a chlorine atom or a methyl group, with a linear aromatic polyester, and heating the mixture to the melting temperature of the polyester to dissolve or substantially dissolve the pigment in the polyester.