Abstract: Disclosed herein relates to organic synthesis, and more particularly to a method for preparing a key intermediate for the synthesis of statins. The key intermediate is 2-[(4R,6S)-6-[(benzo[d]thiazol-2-ylthio)methyl]-2,2-disubstituted-1,3-dioxan-4-yl] acetate of formula (I): where R1 is a C1-C8 alkyl group, a C3-C8 cycloalkyl group, a monosubstituted or polysubstituted aryl group, or monosubstituted or polysubstituted aralkyl group; R2 is hydrogen, or monosubstituted or polysubstituted C1-C3 alkyl group, or halogen; and R3 and R4 are each independently a C1-C5 alkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkyl group, a C3-C7 cycloalkenyl group, a C1-C3 alkoxy group, a C6-C10 aryl group, or C7-C12 aralkyl group. In the method, a halomethyl compound and a thiol reagent are subjected to nucleophilic substitution in an organic solvent to synthesize a thioether, which then undergoes ketal exchange reaction with a carbonyl compound (V) in the presence of an organic acid to obtain a target product.

Abstract: Lubricating compositions comprising a mercaptoazole-acrylic adduct formed by contacting a mercaptoazole compound with an acrylic. The adduct formed has at least one sulfur-alkyl group comprising at least one acyl, or compounds having at least one nitrogen-alkyl group comprising at least one acyl, or mixtures thereof. The lubricating composition also comprises an antiwear agent and an antioxidant. Methods of lubricating an internal combustion engine comprising contacting the internal combustion engine with the lubricating composition comprising a mercaptoazole-acrylic adduct formed by contacting a mercaptoazole compound with an acrylic. Methods of reducing corrosion and/or seal deterioration in an internal combustion engine. The use of a mercaptoazole-acrylic adduct in a lubricating composition to reduce corrosion and/or seal deterioration in an internal combustion engine.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a precursor for the synthesis of hexanoic acid derived statins and to the use of said precursor in the manufacture of a medicament.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of a precursor for the synthesis of hexanoic acid derived statins and to the use of said precursor in the manufacture of a medicament.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation of compounds, in particular to the preparation of compounds of formula (I), which may be used with a compound of formula (VI), or a salt thereof as intermediates for the preparation of antifungal agents, preferably micafungin (MICA) or a salt thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, are suitable for use as herbicides.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides lipid-probe compounds, and compositions comprising the compounds. A subject lipid-probe compound is useful for various imaging applications, which are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of compounds having a monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) synthase inhibitory activity as herbicide or algaecide, and to herbicide and algaecide compositions containing at least one of these compounds.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds that are estrogen receptor modulators. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions and medicaments that include the compounds described herein, as well methods of using such estrogen receptor modulators, alone and in combination with other compounds, for treating diseases or conditions that are mediated or dependent upon estrogen receptors.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel compounds of Chemical Formula I, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, or a hydrate or solvate thereof, a preparation thereof and a composition for the alleviation, prevention or treatment of osteoporosis, comprising thereof in an effective amount, and a method for alleviating, preventing or treating osteoporosis.

Abstract: Disclosed is an electrode electrolyte for solid polymer fuel cells, which uses a polymer electrolyte containing a polyarylene copolymer containing a nitrogen-containing aromatic ring having a substituent represented by —SO3H, —(O(CH2)hSO3H or —O(CF2)hSO3H (wherein h represents an integer of 1-12). By having such a constitution, the electrode electrolyte for solid polymer fuel cells can be produced at a low cost, while being excellent in proton conductivity, dimensional stability, hydrothermal resistance and mechanical strength. In addition, this electrode electrolyte for solid polymer fuel cells enables to recover a catalyst metal.

Abstract: Provided is a solid polymer electrolyte having increased heat resistance and high proton conductivity and a proton conductive membrane composed of the electrolyte. Also provided is a copolymer having a sulfonic acid group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to method for the preparation of an ?-amino-alkane(thio)amide having the general formula (6) Furthermore, novel intermediates and partial reaction steps of the claimed method are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel intermediate compounds used in preparing Rosuvastatin or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, to a method for preparing same, and to a method for preparing Rosuvastatin or the pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof from the intermediates. The preparation method of the present invention has the effect of providing Rosuvastatin hemi-calcium salts with an excellent yield rate.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, are suitable for use as herbicides.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, are suitable for use as herbicides.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, are suitable for use as herbicides.

Abstract: Heterocyclically substituted methoxyphenyl derivatives with an oxo group, processes for preparation thereof and use thereof as medicaments The invention relates to heterocyclically substituted methoxyphenyl derivatives with an oxo group, and to physiologically compatible salts thereof. The invention relates to compounds of the formula I in which R1, R2, R3, R4, R10, X, n, B1, B2, B3 and B4 are each defined as specified, and to the physiologically compatible salts thereof. The compounds are suitable, for example, for treatment of diabetes.

Abstract: The embodiments provide compounds of the general Formula I, as well as compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, comprising a subject compound. The embodiments provide compounds of the general Formula II, as well as compositions, including pharmaceutical compositions, comprising a subject compound. The embodiments further provide treatment methods, including methods of treating a hepatitis C virus infection and methods of treating liver fibrosis, the methods generally involving administering to an individual in need thereof an effective amount of a subject compound or composition.

Abstract: A nitrogen-containing aromatic compound is represented by Formula (1). A polymer is obtained by polymerizing the compound. wherein X is an atom or a group selected from halogen atoms other than fluorine and —OSO2Rb (wherein Rb is an alkyl group, a fluorine-substituted alkyl group or an aryl group); Y is at least one structure selected from the group consisting of —CO—, —SO2—, —SO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —(CF2)1— (wherein l is an integer of 1 to 10) and —C(CF3)2—; Z is at least one structure selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, —O— and —S—; R20 is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; q is an integer of 1 to 5; and p is an integer of 0 to 4.

Abstract: A compound having Formula I wherein one of R1 and R2 is a group of the formula wherein R4 is selected from H and hydrocarbyl, R5 is a hydrocarbyl group and L is an optional linker group, or R1 and R2 together form a ring substituted with the group wherein R3 is H or a substituent, and wherein X is selected from S, O, NR6 and C(R7)(R8), wherein R6 is selected from H and hydrocarbyl groups, wherein each of R7 and R8 are independently selected from H and hydrocarbyl groups.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical composition of fungicide including at least a compound represented by Formula (I). The pharmaceutical composition of fungicide can further include an emulsifier, a cosolvent, a stabilizer, and a solvent. The fungicide can prevent and treat powdery mildew, downy mildew, gray mold, brown spot, scab of vegetables and fruits, southern leaf blight of corn, rice false smut, citrus stem-end rot, and rape sclerotinia rot, with high efficiency, low toxicity, and relative environmental friendliness. A method of preparing the fungicide and a method of using thereof are also provided.

Abstract: Provided herein are compounds and compositions which comprise the formulae as disclosed herein, wherein the compound is an amyloid binding compound. An amyloid binding compound according to the invention may be administered to a patient in amounts suitable for in vivo imaging of amyloid deposits, and distinguish between neurological tissue with amyloid deposits and normal neurological tissue. Amyloid probes of the invention may be used to detect and quantitate amyloid deposits in diseases including, for example, Down's syndrome, familial Alzheimer's Disease. In another embodiment, the compounds may be used in the treatment or prophylaxis of neurodegenerative disorders. Also provided herein are methods of allowing the compound to distribute into the brain tissue, and imaging the brain tissue, wherein an increase in binding of the compound to the brain tissue compared to a normal control level of binding indicates that the mammal is suffering from or is at risk of developing a neurodegenerative disease.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): wherein: R1 represents a (C3-C8)cycloalkyl group, R2 represents a group of formula (II) as defined in the description, X represents an oxygen atom or an N—OR? group wherein R? represents a hydrogen atom, a linear or branched (C1-C6)alkyl group, an aryl group or an aryl-(C1-C6)alkyl group in which the alkyl moiety may be linear or branched. Medicinal products containing the same which are useful as hypoglycaemic and hypolipaemic agents.

Abstract: A nitrogen-containing aromatic compound is represented by Formula (1). A polymer is obtained by polymerizing the compound. wherein X is an atom or a group selected from halogen atoms other than fluorine and —OSO2Rb (wherein Rb is an alkyl group, a fluorine-substituted alkyl group or an aryl group); Y is at least one structure selected from the group consisting of —CO—, —SO2—, —SO—, —CONH—, —COO—, —(CF2)l— (wherein l is an integer of 1 to 10) and —C(CF3)2—; Z is at least one structure selected from the group consisting of a direct bond, —O— and —S—; R20 is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic group; q is an integer of 1 to 5; and p is an integer of 0 to 4.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to tetrahydrobenzothiazole analogues and tetrahydrobenzooxyzole analogues, to pharmaceutical compositions which include these compounds and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, and to methods of treatment using these compounds. The invention also encompasses pharmaceutically acceptable esters, amides, and salts of such compounds. The invention further provides a method of reducing or delaying apoptosis in a population of cells, comprising contacting the population of cells with a tetrahydrobenzothiazole analogue or a tetrahydrobenzooxyzole analogue, thereby reducing or delaying apoptosis in the population of cells.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds which are potentiators of metabotropic glutamate receptors, including the mGluR2 receptor, and which are useful in the treatment or prevention of neurological and psychiatric disorders associated with glutamate dysfunction and diseases in which metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved. The invention is also directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and the use of these compounds and compositions in the prevention or treatment of such diseases in which metabotropic glutamate receptors are involved.

Abstract: A compound having Formula I R1—Z—R2Formula I wherein R1 is an optionally substituted phenyl ring; R2 is or comprises an optionally substituted aromatic ring; and Z is —X—Y—L— or —Y—X—L— wherein either X is selected from —S(?O)(?O)— and —C(?O)—; and Y is —NR3—; or X is selected from —S(?O)(?O)— and —S—, and Y is —C(R4)(R5)—; L is an optional linker; and R3, R4 and R5 are each independently selected from H and hydrocarbyl; and wherein when R2 comprises the following structural moiety wherein Q is an atom selected from the group consisting of S, O, N and C; the compound is selected from compounds of the formulae R1—C(?O)—NR3—L—R2; R1—S(?O)(?O)—C(R4)(R5)—L—R2; R1—S—C(R4)(R5)—L—R2; R1—NR3—S(?O)(?O)—L—R2; R1—NR3—C(?O)—L—R2; R1—C(R4)(R5)—S(?O)(?O)—L—R2; and R1—C(R4)(R5)—S—L—R2.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel polymethine dyes containing at least one acylsulfonamido group of the formula (I) in which n, Y, A and R have the meaning given in the claims, and at least one compound of the formulae (a) to (n) given in the claims. The polymethine dyes according to the invention are suitable for use as dyes and/or labels, in particular for staining or labeling biomolecules.

Abstract: Process for production of non-proteinogenic L-amino acids by direct fermentation of a microorganism strain known per se having a deregulated cysteine metabolism in a manner known per se, which comprises adding, during the fermentation, a nucleophilic compound to the fermentation batch in a manner such that this leads to the production of non-proteinogenic L-amino acids by the microorganism strain.

Abstract: The current invention provide novel retinoid compounds and methods for their synthesis, methods of treating or preventing emphysema, cancer and dermatological disorders and pharmaceutical compositions suitable for the treatment or prevention of emphysema, cancer and dermatological disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed are compounds which are inhibitors of metalloproteases and which are effective in treating conditions characterized by excess activity of these enzymes. In particular, the compounds have a structure according to the following Formula (I): where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, G and Z have the meanings described in the specification. This invention also includes optical isomers, diastereomers and enantiomers of Formula I, and pharmaceutically-acceptable salts, biohydrolyzable amides, esters, and imides thereof. Also described are pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, and methods of treating metalloprotease-related maladies using the compounds or the pharmaceutical compositions.

Abstract: Compounds having the general structure: which are useful for the treatment of a variety of diseases and conditions, such as bone disorders.

Abstract: This invention relates to new compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and diagnostic kits comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds for inhibiting NAALADase enzyme activity, detecting diseases where NAALADase levels are altered, effecting neuronal activity, effecting TGF-&bgr; activity, inhibiting angiogenesis, and treating glutamate abnormalities, diabetic neuropathy, pain, compulsive disorders, prostate diseases, cancers and glaucoma.

Abstract: The present application relates to the use of the carboxylic acid derivatives of general formula

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing chiral diol sulfones of the structure 1

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds which are suitable as ash-free antiwear additives and antioxidants, to lubricant compositions comprising said compounds as well as to their use. are particularly preferred. In the preferred compounds I′, R2 is isooctyloxycarbonylmethyl, R3 is isooctyloxycarbonylmethylthiomethyl and R4 is hydrogen; or R2 is tert-nonyl and R3 is tert-nonylthiomethyl and R4 is hydrogen; or R2 is isooctyloxycarbonylmethyl, R3 is hydrogen and R4 is isooctyloxycarbonylmethylthiomethyl; or R2 is tert-nonyl, R3 is hydrogen and R4 I is tert-nonylthiomethyl.

Abstract: A thrombin receptor antagonist having the formula 1

Abstract: Oxime ethers of formula (I) in which a) X is an N atom and Y is an oxygen atom or NH, or b) X is CH and Y is an oxygen atom, in which furthermore R1 is C1-C4alkyl; R2 is hydrogen, C1-C4alkyl or cyclopropyl; and in which R3 and R4 are as defined herein, are fungicidal, acaricidal and insecticidal active ingredients for agriculture. They can be employed as formulated crop protection compositions.

Abstract: Crystalline 2-(amninothiazol-4-yl)-2-(tert.butoxycarbonylmethoxyimino)acetic acid-S-mercapto-benzo-thiazolylester in form of an N,N-dimethylacetamide solvate; a crystalline salt of a 7-[2-(aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-(carboxymethoxyimino)acetamido]-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid with an amine of formula N(R1)(R2)(R3), wherein R1, R2, and R3 have various meanings, a crystalline sulphuric acid addition salt of a 7-[2-(2-aminothiazol-4-yl)-2-carboxymethoxyimino)acetamido]-3-vinyl-3-cephem-4-carboxylic acid; and the use of these salts in the production of cefixime, e.g. in form of a trihydrate.

Abstract: Aminothiazole derivatives having the carboxyl activated by means of thioesters, said derivatives being condensable with &bgr;-lactam nuclei to yield &bgr;-lactam antibiotics

Abstract: Carboxylic acid ester derivatives of formula (1): wherein R is C1-C6 alkyl, R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or C1-C3 alkyl, and Q is optionally substituted phenyl, can be easily converted by ring closing into pyridazin-3-one derivatives of formula (7): The carboxylic acids of formula (1) can be produced by reacting hydrazone compounds of formula (5): wherein R3 and Q are as defined above, with malonic acid monoester derivatives of formula (6): wherein R and R2 are as defined above, in the presence of a base.

Abstract: This invention relates to compounds which are suitable as ash-free antiwear additives and antioxidants, to lubricant compositions comprising said compounds as well as to their use. Compounds of formulae ##STR1## are particularly preferred. In the preferred compounds I',R.sub.2 is isooctyloxycarbonylmethyl, R.sub.3 is isooctyloxycarbonylmethylthiomethyl and R.sub.4 is hydrogen; orR.sub.2 is tert-nonyl and R.sub.3 is tert-nonylthiomethyl and R.sub.4 is hydrogen; orR.sub.2 is isooctyloxycarbonylmethyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen and R.sub.4 is isooctyloxycarbonylmethylthiomethyl; orR.sub.2 is tert-nonyl, R.sub.3 is hydrogen and R.sub.4 I is tert-nonylthiomethyl.In the preferred compounds II',R.sub.2 and R.sub.2 ' are isooctyloxycarbonylmethyl, R.sub.3 and R.sub.3 ' are isooctyloxycarbonylmethylthiomethyl and R.sub.4 and R.sub.4 ' are hydrogen; orR.sub.2 and R.sub.2 ' are tert-nonyl, R.sub.3 and R.sub.3 ' are tert-nonylthiomethyl and R.sub.4 and R.sub.4 ' are hydrogen; orR.sub.2 and R.sub.

Abstract: Suitable lubricant additives are the compounds of formulae wherein the substituents and groups have the following preferred meanings:R.sub.1 =H; R.sub.2 =methyl or tert-butyl; R.sub.3 =tert-butyl;s=0, 1 or 2;R.sub.4 =--A--[(C.sub.6 H.sub.2)(methyl or tert-butyl)(OH)(tert-butyl)];A=--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 O--(C.dbd.O)--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 CH(CH.sub.3)--O--(C.dbd.O)--CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2.

Abstract: The invention encompasses the novel compound of Formula I useful in the treatment of diseases, including asthma, by raising the level of cyclic adenosine-3',5'-monophosphate (cAMP) through the inhibition of phosphodiesterase IV (PDE IV). ##STR1## The invention also encompasses certain pharmaceutical compositions and methods for treatment of diseases by inhibition of PDE IV, resulting in an elevation of cAMP, comprising the use of compounds of Formula I.

Abstract: A process for producing a liquid crystalline compound represented by the following general formula (A): ##STR1##

Abstract: The present invention relates to heterocyclic compounds of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 -R.sup.7, B, a and X have the meanings recited in the specification. These compounds are usable in the treatment of diseases of the rheumatoid group and for the prevention of allergically induced diseases.

Abstract: Described herein are compounds of Formula (XX) and Formula (XXIV), shown below, and processes of making same. ##STR1## wherein p is 0 ##STR2## wherein p is 1, and Y is chlorine or bromine.

Abstract: Unique benzothiazole derivatives which exert superior aldose redactase inhibiting actions are unexpectedly and advantageously useful in the prophylactic and therapeutic treatment of diabetic complications. A benzothiazole derivative compound of the formula (1): ##STR1## wherein X is halogen, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which are the same or different, are each independently hydrogen or halogen, A is a methylene group or a sulfur atom, and --B--COOR.sup.3 is a group as defined in the specification; or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt and a pharmaceutical composition comprising the same which is a useful prophylactic or therapeutic agent for the treatment of diabetic complications.

Abstract: A cyanoketone derivatives of the following formula (1) ##STR1## which are characterized by excellent herbicidal activity and effectiveness against a variety of broad leafed weeds, including barnyard grass, green foxtail, velvet leaf, livid amaranth and hairy beggar ticks.