Abstract: According to one embodiment, there is provided an actinic ray- or radiation-sensitive resin composition containing (A) a resin containing a repeating unit represented by general formula (1) below and a repeating unit that is decomposed by an action of an acid to generate an alkali-soluble group, and (B) a compound that generates the acid when exposed to actinic rays or radiation, where L represents a bivalent connecting group, R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and Z represents a cyclic acid anhydride structure.

Abstract: To provide a polyimide precursor and/or polyimide which has an excellent solubility in various organic solvents, and with which a liquid crystal alignment film can be obtained which is excellent in a rubbing resistance and which is hardly deteriorated even by irradiation with backlight. A polyimide precursor having its terminal amino group modified with at least one alicyclic epoxydicarboxylic acid anhydride selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formulae [1] and [2], or a polyimide obtained by imidizing it: wherein Y is a C1-2 alkylene or an oxygen atom, and R1 is a hydrogen atom or an organic group represented by —X1—X2—X3 , wherein X1 is a single bond or —CH2—, X2 is a single bond or -0-, and X3 is a C1-20 alkyl group, a C1-20 haloalkyl group or a C1-20 alkyl group containing a cyano group.

Abstract: A polyamic acid comprising at least 10 mol % repeating units represented by the formula [1] or [2]; and a polyimide represented by the formula [3] or [4] which is obtained from the polyamic acid. A polyimide film having high heat resistance and satisfactory in light-transmitting properties and tensile strength is obtained from the polyamic acid. (In the formulae, R1 and R2 each independently represents hydrogen or C1-10 alkyl; R3 and R4 each independently represents hydrogen, halogeno, C1-10alkyl, or phenyl or the R3 and R4 on adjoining carbon atoms are bonded to each other to form C3-8 cycloalkyl or phenyl; R5 represents a divalent organic group; and n is an integer of 2 or larger.

Abstract: Oxidized and maleated derivative compositions, such as chemically modified oxidized and maleated tall oil fatty acid compositions, can be prepared and used in a variety of industrial applications, including as emulsifiers, corrosion inhibitors, concrete admixtures, and in reverse flotation mining applications.

Abstract: This invention relates to anti-viral drugs such as Helioxanthin and its analogs. The present compounds may be used alone or in combination with other drugs for the treatment of Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Yellow Fever, Dengue Virus, Japanese Encephalitis, West Nile virus and related flaviviruses. In addition, compounds according to the present invention can be used to prevent hepatoma secondary to virus infection as well as other infections or disease states which are secondary to the virus infection.

Abstract: The present invention provides convergent processes for preparing epothilone A and B, desoxyepothilones A and B, and analogues thereof. Also provided are analogues related to epothilone A and B and intermediates useful for preparing same. The present invention further provides novel compositions based on analogues of the epothilones and methods for the treatment of cancer and cancer which has developed a multidrug-resistant phenotype.

Abstract: The culture ATCC 74256 and its mutants are capable of producing zaragozic acid A and other squalene synthase inhibitors.The compound of formula I herein may be prepared from culture ATCC 74256 and is useful in the treatment of fungal infections, and inhibition of squalene synthase, and protein farnesyltransferase.

Abstract: A process for making a dianhydride product, said process comprising reacting two moles of maleic anhydride and one mole of a vinyl benzene compound in a reaction mixture comprising about 1.5 to 2.0 moles of the vinyl benzene compound per mole of maleic anhydride at reaction temperature in the range from 105.degree. to 125.degree. C. for time to complete the reaction, adding a polar organic liquid to the reaction product mixture and refluxing the mixture, cooling the mixture following reflux and adding a hydrocarbon liquid to precipitate the product, separating the solid dianhydride product by filtration, washing the solids on the filter and drying the solids to make the finished dianhydride product.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which X is O, S, SO, SO.sub.2 or NR.sub.13, R.sub.13 is, for example, methyl, and R.sub.1 to R.sub.12, independently of one another, are, for example, H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 Alkoxy, halogen or --CN. The compounds are photosensitive and photochromic and are suitable as photosensitizers and simultaneously as color indicators, and as photoswitchable color filters.

Abstract: Disclosed are rigid fluorinated monomers 9-phenyl-9-perfluoroalkylxanthene ##STR1## . The monomers have utility in the preparation of advanced high-performance polymers, particularly polyimides.

Abstract: In accordance with the process of this invention, an improved catalyst for molecular oxidation of a hydrocarbon to form the corresponding carboxylic anhydrides is prepared by the steps of (a) forming a catalyst precursor by depositing on titanium dioxide solids in the anatase form at least a monolayer amount of at least one vanadium oxide source which is convertible to vanadium oxide upon calcining; (b) calcining the thus-formed catalyst precursor under conditions sufficient to convert the tantalum oxide source into the oxide form; (c) depositing upon the calcined catalyst precursor a catalytically effective amount of at least one vanadium oxide source which is convertible into vanadium oxide upon heating and at least one metal oxide source selected from the group consisting of oxides of Sb, Ga, Ge, In, T.sub.1, Pb, Se, Te, P and Bi, which is convertible into the corresponding metal oxide upon heating and which is reactive with V.sub.2 O.sub.

Abstract: In accordance with the process of this invention, an improved catalyst for molecular oxidation of hydrocarbons to form the corresponding carboxylic anhydrides is prepared by the steps of forming a catalyst precursor by depositing on titanium dioxide catalyst solids in the anatase form a continuous monolayer amount of at least one source of titanium oxide, calcining the thus-formed catalyst percursor under conditions sufficient to convert the titanium oxide source into the oxide form, depositing upon the calcined catalyst precursor a continuous monolayer amount of at least one vanadium compound which is convertible into vanadium oxide upon heating and calcining the vanadium-deposited solids under conditions sufficient to convert the vanadium compound into vanadium oxide.

Abstract: In accordance with the process of this invention, an improved catalyst for molecular oxidation of an aromatic hydrocarbon to form the corresponding aromatic carboxylic anhydrides is prepared by the steps of forming a catalyst precursor by depositing on titanium dioxide solids in the anatase form a continuous monolayer amount of at least one source of zirconium dioxide, calcining the thus-formed catalyst precursor under conditions sufficient to convert the zirconium oxide source into the oxide form, depositing upon the calcined catalyst precursor a catalytically effective amount of at least one vanadium compound which is convertible into vanadium oxide upon heating and calcining the vanadium-deposited solids under conditions sufficient to convert the vanadium compound into vanadium oxide.

Abstract: Di-substituted maleic anhydride compounds are disclosed of the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and phenyl moieties, and R.sup.2 is a divalent aromatic moiety. Polyamide-imide polymers, polyimide polymers and vinyl copolymers derived therefrom are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method is provided for making norbornane anhydride substituted organosiloxane by equilibrating norbornane anhydride organosiloxane with cyclopolydiorganosiloxane, organopolysiloxane and mixtures thereof under neat conditions in the presence of an acidic equilibration catalyst followed by quenching the resulting mixture with a silazane and thereafter devolatilizing the resulting equilibrated product.

Abstract: A method is provided for making norbornane anhydride substituted organosiloxane by equilibrating norbornane anhydride organosiloxane with cyclopolydiorganosiloxane, organopolysiloxane and mixtures thereof under neat conditions. A reduction in the amount of cyclopolydiorganosiloxane generated in the mixture is realized compared to solvent equilibration procedures.

Abstract: Di-substituted maleic anhydride compounds are disclosed of the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R and R.sup.1 are selected from the group consisting of aliphatic and phenyl moieties, and R.sup.2 is a divalent aromatic moiety. Polyamide-imide polymers, polyimide polymers and vinyl copolymers derived therefrom are also disclosed.

Abstract: Novel xanthones and thioxanthones of the formula I ##STR1## in which A, X, Y, Z, E and E' are as defined in patent claim 1, are described. A is preferably --S-- and E and E' are preferably bonded in the ortho-position relative to one another. The compounds (I) are suitable, for example, as sensitizers for photocrosslinkable polymers or photocurable compositions, or for use in mixtures with polymers with H donor groups for image formation, in particular electrically conductive coatings and patterns, by means of electroless deposition of metals.

Abstract: A compound represented by the general formula: ##STR1## where each A is --OH or --OR where R is an alkyl group, an alkenyl group or a cycloalkyl group, or both A together represent a >O group.

Abstract: The pyrolysis of aromatic compounds with fused rings in the aromatic system which form free radicals on the peri position, for example, by eliminating a stable inorganic gas produces desirable products. These products include electrically conductive inert films. Further, with the addition of suitable inorganic compounds to the reactant, superconducting materials are obtainable. The addition of sulfur to the pyrolysis reactant also is possible and allows production of compounds useful as donors for the production of organic electrically conducting compositions.

Abstract: Silylnorbornane anhydrides are provided by effecting reaction between a silicon hydride and a norbornene carboxylic acid anhydride in the presence of a platinum catalyst. The resulting silicon functionalized norbornane monoanhydrides or dianhydrides can be used to synthesize a variety of tough organosilicon polyimide copolymers and polydiorganosiloxane polyimide block polymers.

Abstract: Disclosed are adducts of 1-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride with olefins and preparation thereof by reacting an olefinically unsaturated compound and 1-cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic anhydride using actinic radiation as an energy source at a temperature of from -30.degree. C. to 150.degree. C., preferably at from about 25.degree. C. to 100.degree. C. Derivatives of these compounds are useful as rust inhibitors in gasoline.

Abstract: A method of preparation and/or purification of acid anhydrides is disclosed. Dicarboxylic or polycarboxylic acids contained in the anhydrides to be treated, are dehydrated in an organic solvent in the presence of activated carbon.