Abstract: The present invention provides novel solutions to the problem of recycling carbonylation catalysts in epoxide carbonylation processes. The inventive methods are characterized in that the catalyst is recovered in a form other than as active catalyst. In some embodiments, catalyst components are removed selectively from the carbonylation product stream in two or more processing steps. One or more of these separated catalyst components are then utilized to regenerate active catalyst which is utilized during another time interval to feed a continuous carbonylation reactor.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to processes from producing beta-lactone and beta-lactone derivatives using heterogenous catalysts. In preferred embodiments of the present invention, the processes comprise the steps: passing a feed stream comprising an epoxide reagent and a carbon monoxide reagent to a reaction zone; contacting the epoxide reagent and the carbon monoxide reagent with a heterogenous catalyst to produce a beta-lactone product in the reaction zone; and removing the beta-lactone product from the reaction zone. In preferred embodiments, the heterogenous catalyst comprises a solid support containing a cationic Lewis acid functional group and a metal carbonyl compound comprising at least one of anionic metal carbonyl compound or a neutral metal carbonyl compound. In certain preferred embodiments, the epoxide reagent and carbon monoxide reagent have a biobased content.

Abstract: The present invention provides nanofiltration membranes with reduced chemical reactivity that can be utilized in manufacturing processes where reactive feedstocks and/or products are utilized or produced. Methods of making and using the membranes are also provided.

Abstract: Provided are processes for monitoring and maintaining continuous carbonylation of epoxides or lactones. Processes include measuring parameters affecting the rate of the carbonylation reaction and adding supplemental replacement catalyst replacement components to maintain a constant rate of carbonylation.

Abstract: The present invention provides processes and synthetic intermediates for the synthesis of 4-substituted ((1S,2S,4R)-2-hydroxy-4-{7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-7-yl}cyclopentyl)methyl sulfamates, which are E1 activating enzyme inhibitors, and are useful for the treatment of disorders of cell proliferation, particularly cancer, and other disorders associated with E1 activity.

Abstract: In one aspect, the present invention provides catalysts for the carbonylation of heterocycles. The inventive catalysts feature metal-ligand complexes having cationic functional groups tethered to the ligand, wherein the tethered cationic groups are associated with anionic metal carbonyl species. The invention also provides methods of using the inventive catalysts to affect the ring opening carbonylation of epoxides.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for producing an beta-lactone product. The method includes the steps of: reacting an epoxide, a solvent with a carbonylation catalyst and carbon monoxide to produce a reaction stream comprising a beta-lactone then separating a portion of the beta-lactone in the reaction stream from the solvent and carbonylation catalyst to produce: i) a beta-lactone stream with the beta-lactone, and ii) a catalyst recycling stream including the carbonylation catalyst and the high boiling solvent; and adding the catalyst recycling stream to the feed stream.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for producing an beta-lactone product. The method includes the steps of: reacting an epoxide, a solvent with a carbonylation catalyst and carbon monoxide to produce a reaction stream comprising a beta-lactone then separating a portion of the beta-lactone in the reaction stream from the solvent and carbonylation catalyst to produce: i) a beta-lactone stream with the beta-lactone, and ii) a catalyst recycling stream including the carbonylation catalyst and the high boiling solvent; and adding the catalyst recycling stream to the feed stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to specific beta-lactone compounds and compositions thereof for the treatment of infections, such as, e.g., infections with bacteria or infections with protozoa, in particular infections with Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria and of infectious diseases caused by or related to Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria, and to the modulation of virulence of Gram-positive and/or Gram-negative bacteria or of protozoa by specific beta-lactone compounds. The invention further relates to the use of the compounds or compositions for preventing or eliminating biofilms.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing orlistat from amino orlistat using Pivaloyl Formic Anhydride (PFA) as an alkanoylating agent.

Abstract: Compounds and methods that release 1-methylcyclopropene, 1-trifluoromethylcyclopropene, and other substituted cyclopropenes are disclosed. The compounds are of the class of chemical analogue of 2-oxa-bicyclo[2.1.0]penta-3-one useful as vessels for molecular plant ethylene receptor inhibitors. The compounds and methods overcome present limitations for storage, transportation, and application of the cyclopropene containing compounds by using light, including sunlight, and/or heat as the primary release trigger. Additional products released include innocuous gases and value added aryl-group compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a high-yield method for preparing highly pure (3S,4S)-4-((R)-2-(benzyloxy)tridecyl)-3-hexyl-2-oxetanone using a metal salt of (2S,3S,5R)-2-hexyl-3,5-dihydroxyhexadecanoic acid as an intermediate.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for producing an beta-lactone product. The method includes the steps of: reacting an epoxide, a solvent with a carbonylation catalyst and carbon monoxide to produce a reaction stream comprising a beta-lactone then separating a portion of the beta-lactone in the reaction stream from the solvent and carbonylation catalyst to produce: i) a beta-lactone stream with the beta-lactone, and ii) a catalyst recycling stream including the carbonylation catalyst and the high boiling solvent; and adding the catalyst recycling stream to the feed stream.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the production of lipase inhibitors via an improvised fermentation process characterized in that a combinatorial feeding of linoleic acid or its esters or salts thereof and an omega-9 fatty acid, preferably oleic acid and/or its derivatives is employed during said process resulting in an improved yield co-efficient, productivity further providing ease of operation.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for producing an beta-lactone product. The method includes the steps of: reacting an epoxide, a solvent with a carbonylation catalyst and carbon monoxide to produce a reaction stream comprising a beta-lactone then separating a portion of the beta-lactone in the reaction stream from the solvent and carbonylation catalyst to produce: i) a beta-lactone stream with the beta-lactone, and ii) a catalyst recycling stream including the carbonylation catalyst and the high boiling solvent; and adding the catalyst recycling stream to the feed stream.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-((R)-2-hydroxytridecyl)-oxetan-2-one and a product of the method. The method includes the following steps: a) reducing a substance represented by formula (II) to obtain a substance represented by formula (III), and then oxidizing the substance represented by formula (III) to form a substance represented by formula (IV); b) acylating n-octanoic acid to obtain n-octanoyl chloride using thionyl dichloride, then condensing the obtained n-octanoyl chloride with 2-mercapto-pyridine under basic condition to form a substance represented by formula (V), and then converting the substance represented by formula (V) to a substance represented by formula (VI); c) reacting the substance obtained in the step a) with the substance obtained in the step b) under catalytic condition of Lewis acid to generate a substance represented by formula (VII), and then reacting with a Lewis acid.

Abstract: The patent application relates to a method of producing a monomer component from a genetically modified polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biomass, wherein the biomass is heated in the presence of a catalyst to release a monomer component from the PHA.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds having the general structure A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof: wherein R is an alkyl group, and R1 comprises at least one moiety selected from a group consisting of an alkyl, an alkenyl, an aryl, a heterocycle, hydroxyl, ester, amido, aldehyde, and a halogen.

Abstract: The present application provides a method for producing an beta-lactone product. The method includes the steps of: reacting an epoxide, a solvent with a carbonylation catalyst and carbon monoxide to produce a reaction stream comprising a beta-lactone then separating a portion of the beta-lactone in the reaction stream from the solvent and carbonylation catalyst to produce: i) a beta-lactone stream with the beta-lactone, and ii) a catalyst recycling stream including the carbonylation catalyst and the high boiling solvent; and adding the catalyst recycling stream to the feed stream.

Abstract: The present invention features methods of treating a cancer in a subject by administering an effective amount of a beta-lactone to the subject. The invention also features methods of inhibiting angiogenesis in a subject by administering an effective amount of an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase to the subject. These methods can be used to treat a variety of cancers and other diseases and conditions. The invention also features methods of identifying beta-lactones and other compounds that can be used in the methods of the invention for the treatment of tumors, inhibition of angiogenesis, and the treatment of diseases and conditions that involve pathological angiogenesis. The invention also features methods of synthesizing beta-lactones and features novel beta-lactone compounds.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a crystalline form of orlistat, particularly form A of orlistat. The characterization of said form is performed using X-ray diffraction studies, IR and Differential Scanning calorimetry melting endotherm studies. Also, the disclosure provides a simple process to arrive at said crystalline form.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the chemical synthesis of vittatalactone, the aggregation pheromone of the striped cucumber beetle, Acalymma vittatum.

Abstract: An aldehyde derivative represented by the general formula (2) is reacted with ketene in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to produce a novel 2-oxetanone derivative (1), which is then purified to a 2-oxetanone derivative having a high trans-isomer purity, and then converted to a vinyl derivative (3) through decarboxylation reaction.

Abstract: Agents useful for the treatment of various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance syndrome, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, cachexia, obesity, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are disclosed, wherein n is 1 or 2; m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; q is 0 or 1; t is 0 or 1; R1 is alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrogen, halo, alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or alkoxy having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; A is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 groups selected from: halo, hydroxy, alkyl having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, perfluoromethyl, alkoxy having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and perfluoromethoxy; or cycloalkyl having from 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms wherein the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or one or two ring carbons are independently mono-substituted by methyl or ethyl; or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaromatic ring having 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and the heteroaromatic ring is covalently bound to the remainder of the compound of formula (

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the preparation of (3S,4S)-3-hexyl-4-((R)-2-hydroxytridecyl)-oxetan-2-one and a product of the method. The method includes the following steps: a) reducing a substance represented by formula (II) to obtain a substance represented by formula (III), and then oxidizing the substance represented by formula (III) to form a substance represented by formula (IV); b) acylating n-octanoic acid to obtain n-octanoyl chloride using thionyl dichloride, then condensing the obtained n-octanoyl chloride with 2-mercapto-pyridine under basic condition to form a substance represented by formula (V), and then converting the substance represented by formula (V) to a substance represented by formula (VI); c) reacting the substance obtained in the step a) with the substance obtained in the step b) under catalytic condition of Lewis acid to generate a substance represented by formula (VII), and then reacting with a Lewis acid.

Abstract: Heterocycles, e.g., epoxides, are carbonylated at low pressure with high percentage conversion to cyclic, ring expanded products using the catalyst where L is tetrahydrofuran (THF).

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) below and to their agrochemically active salts and their use alone or in a mixture with other active compounds and/or auxiliaries and/or additives for controlling phytopathogenic fungi and other microorganisms in or on plants, to processes for preparing these compounds and mixtures, to intermediates of these processes and to seed treated with the compounds, salts or mixtures mentioned.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing orlistat from amino orlistat using Pivaloyl Formic Anhydride (PFA) as an alkanoylating agent.

Abstract: The present invention features methods of treating a cancer in a subject by administering an effective amount of a beta-lactone to the subject. The invention also features methods of inhibiting angiogenesis in a subject by administering an effective amount of an inhibitor of fatty acid synthase to the subject. These methods can be used to treat a variety of cancers and other diseases and conditions. The invention also features methods of identifying beta-lactones and other compounds that can be used in the methods of the invention for the treatment of tumors, inhibition of angiogenesis, and the treatment of diseases and conditions that involve pathological angiogenesis. The invention also features methods of synthesizing beta-lactones and features novel beta-lactone compounds.

Abstract: Compounds of the Formula (I) wherein x is an integer from 1-4; p is an integer from 1-3; q is an integer from 0-3; Ar is phenyl, naphthyl, anthryl or phenanthryl each of which optionally is substituted by one or more Cl, CN, OR5, C3-C5alkenyl or C1-C6alkyl which optionally is substituted by one or more OR6, COOR or halogen; R1 if x is 1, is ORS, O—X+, NR8R9, C1-C20alkyl optionally substituted by one or more COOR10, or is C2-C20alkyl interrupted by one ore more O, or is C2-C5alkenyl or phenyl-C1-C4alkyl; R1 if x is 2, is for example C1-C20alkylene; R1 if x is 3, is for example a tri-valent radical; R1if x is 4, is for example a tetravalent radical; R2and R3are hydrogen or C1-C8alkyl, or R2and R3 together are O, C1-C3alkylene or CH?CH; R4 is C1-C4alkyl; R5, R6, R7, R8, R9 and R10 are for example hydrogen or C1-C4alkyl; and X is a x-valent cationic counter ion; are in particular suitable as photoinitiators for the curing with UV-A light (320-450 nm).

Abstract: The present invention involves new and original sigma receptors ligands : (Mono- or di-alkylaminoalkyl)-?-butyrolactones, their analogues aminotetrahydrofuranes, the (1-adamantyl)phenyl(s) alkylamines, the N,N Dialkyl ?-[(adamantyl-1)benzyloxy-2] alkylamines and the 3-cyclopentyl adamantyl-amines or alkylamines or -alkyl phenylamines, their enantiomers or diastereoisomers and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, with pro-apoptotic and/or anti-apoptotic properties over cellular bio-chemical mechanisms, with anti-cancer, anti-metastatic, anti-(chronic) inflammatory, neuro-protective, anticonvulsive, antidepressive and nooanaleptic or sedative action.

Abstract: An aldehyde derivative represented by the general formula (2) is reacted with ketene in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst to produce a novel 2-oxetanone derivative (1), which is then purified to a 2-oxetanone derivative having a high trans-isomer purity, and then converted to a vinyl derivative (3) through decarboxylation reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing orlistat (I) by alkanoylating an amino orlistat using formic acid anhydride as an alkanoylating agent to obtain orlistat substantially free of the byproduct, (S)-N-acetylleucine (1S)-1-[[(2S, 3S)-3-hexyl-4-oxo-2-oxetanyl]methyl] dodecyl ester (deformyl-N-acetyl orlistat).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing polyhydroxyalkanoates by polymerization of lactones of the general formula I, where the substituents and the index n have the meanings given in the description, in the presence of at least one catalyst of the formula (II) LIMaXam, where the substituents and indices have the meanings given in the description. The invention further relates to poly-3-hydroxybutyrates which have a novel property profile and are obtainable for the first time by means of this process, and also biodegradable polyester mixtures based on these poly-3-hydroxybutyrates.

Abstract: The present invention provides compounds having the general structure A, or a pharmaceutically acceptable derivatives thereof: wherein R is an alkyl group, and R1 comprises at least one moiety selected from a group consisting of an alkyl, an alkenyl, an aryl, a heterocycle, hydroxyl, ester, amido, aldehyde, and a halogen.

Abstract: A homogeneous process for the hydrogenation of dicarboxylic acids and/or anhydrides in the presence of a catalyst comprising: (a) ruthenium, rhodium, iron, osmium or palladium; and (b) an organic phosphine; wherein the hydrogenation is carried out in the presence of at least about 1% by weight water and wherein the reaction is carried out at a pressure of from about 500 psig to about 2000 psig and a temperature of from about 200° C. to about 300° C. such that from about 1 mol to about 10 mol of hydrogen are used to strip 1 mole of product from the reactor.

Abstract: Agents useful for the treatment of various metabolic disorders, such as insulin resistance syndrome, diabetes, polycystic ovary syndrome, hyperlipidemia, fatty liver disease, cachexia, obesity, atherosclerosis and arteriosclerosis are disclosed, wherein n is 1 or 2; m is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4; q is 0 or 1; t is 0 or 1; R1 is alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; R2 is hydrogen, halo, alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or alkoxy having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; A is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted by 1 or 2 groups selected from: halo, hydroxy, alkyl having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, perfluoromethyl, alkoxy having 1 or 2 carbon atoms, and perfluoromethoxy; or cycloalkyl having from 3 to 6 ring carbon atoms wherein the cycloalkyl is unsubstituted or one or two ring carbons are independently mono-substituted by methyl or ethyl; or a 5 or 6 membered heteroaromatic ring having 1 or 2 ring heteroatoms selected from N, S and O and the heteroaromatic ring is covalently bound to the remainder of the compound of formula (

Abstract: Lactones are prepared by catalytic carbonylation of oxiranes using a catalyst system comprising a) at least one cobalt compound as component A and b) at least one metal compound of the formula (I) as component B, MXxRn-x ??(I) where M is an alkaline earth metal or a metal of group 3, 4 or preferably 12 or 13 of the Periodic Table of the Elements, R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical which may be substituted on the carbon atoms other than the carbon atom bound to M, X is an anion, n is a number corresponding to the valence of M and x is in the range from 0 to n, with n and x being selected so that the compound is uncharged, as catalyst.

Abstract: Heterocycles, e.g., epoxides, are carbonylated at low pressure with high percentage conversion to cyclic, ring expanded products using the catalyst where L is tetrahydrofuran (THF).

Abstract: Lactones are prepared by catalytic carbonylation of oxiranes using a catalyst system comprising a) at least one carbonylation catalyst A comprising uncharged or anionic transition metal complexes of metals of groups 5 to 11 of the Periodic Table of the Elements and b) at least one chiral Lewis acid B, with the exception of [(salph)Al(THF)2][Co(CO)4], as catalyst.

Abstract: Substituted ?-lactones (oxetanones) corresponding to the formula I, wherein R1, R2 and n have the meanings given in the specification, and pharmaceutical compositions which contain these compounds and have a pancreatic lipase-inhibiting action, as well as a process for the preparation of the compounds of Formula I and intermediate products of this process.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula Ia and Ic having a lactone structure and an methylene group at the alpha-position of the lactone structure and methods for using and making the compounds have been disclosed. The lactone compounds can be reacted with an neucleaphilic agent to open the lactone ring to a compound of Formula Ib. The lactone of Formula Ia and its functional derivatives have been isolated from Securidaca virgata. These compounds are referred to as LMSV-6 or Securolide™. The purified compounds have demonstrated activity in assays for anti-bacterial and anti-fungal activities, and for treating proliferation disorders such as cancer. Based on the in vitro assays, the lactones are useful for treating proliferation disorders including, for example, breast cancer, colon cancer, rectal cancer, stomach cancer, pancreatic cancer, lung cancer, liver cancer, ovarian cancer, esophageal cancer, and leukemia.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel cycloalkyl-hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, Syndrome X, thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process of converting lipstatin to orlistat by catalytic hydrogenation. The present invention further discloses novel crystalline solid orlistat forms, designated form I and form II and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process of converting lipstatin to orlistat by catalytic hydrogenation. The present invention further discloses novel crystalline solid orlistat forms, designated form I and form II and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel ketone compounds, compositions comprising ketone compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing cardiovascular diseases, dyslipidemias, dysproteinemias, and glucose metabolism disorders comprising administering a composition comprising a ketone compound. The compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are also useful for treating and preventing Alzheimer's Disease, Syndrome X, peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-related disorders, septicemia, thrombotic disorders, obesity, pancreatitis, hypertension, renal disease, cancer, inflammation, and impotence. In certain embodiments, the compounds, compositions, and methods of the invention are useful in combination therapy with other therapeutics, such as hypocholesterolemic and hypoglycemic agents.

Abstract: The invention provides a polymer comprising recurring units containing bridged aliphatic rings in the backbone and having a hydroxyl, acyloxy or alkoxylcarbonyloxy group as well as a lactone structure bonded through a spacer, the polymer having a weight average molecular weight of 1,000-500,000. A resist composition comprising the polymer as a base resin is sensitive to high-energy radiation, has excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance, and lends itself to micropatterning with electron beams or deep-UV.

Abstract: (Meth)acrylic acid is reacted with a fatty acid anhydride and the resultant reaction mixture is neutralized and washed with an aqueous alkaline solution having a pH of 7.5 to 13.5. Thus, high-purity (meth)acrylic anhydride can be industrially advantageously produced while avoiding polymerization. This (meth)acrylic anhydride is reacted with a secondary or tertiary alcohol in the presence of a basic compound which in 25° C. water has an acidity (pKa) of 11 or lower. Thus, a high-purity (meth)acrylic ester can be produced in high yield.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process of converting lipstatin to orlistat by catalytic hydrogenation. The present invention further discloses novel crystalline solid orlistat forms, designated form I and form II and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: Lactone compounds of formula (1) are useful as monomers to form base resins for use in chemically amplified resist compositions adapted for micropatterning lithography. R1 is H or C1-6 alkyl, R2 is H or an acyl or alkoxycarbonyl group of 1-15 carbon atoms which may be substituted with halogen atoms, Z is a divalent C1-15 organic group which forms a lactone ring with the carbonyloxy group, k is 0 or 1, and m is an integer from 0 to 5.