Abstract: In accordance with the present subject matter there is provided sugar-based compounds of formula I, methods of making such compounds, gels comprising such compounds, methods of making gels, methods of using such compounds for the containing spill of a hydrocarbon, and methods for reclaiming solvent from gels comprising such compounds.

Abstract: The present application relates to a method of preparing compounds of Formula (I) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, or amino acid conjugate thereof, R1 is H, ?-OH, ?-OH, or an oxo group.

Abstract: Derivatives of 1,3-dithianes and 1,3-dithiolanes of the general formula 1a or salts thereof of the general formula 1b where P=polymeric support, m=1 or 2, Z is an organic linker or X=inorganic or organic anion, processes for preparation thereof and use thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral imidodiphosphates and derivatives thereof having the general formula I, The compounds are suitable as chiral Brønsted acid catalysts, phase-transfer catalysts, chiral anions for organic salts, metal salts or metal complexes for catalysis.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an alcohol, wherein oxidation is performed in the presence of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a bulk oxidant, which enables efficient oxidation of secondary alcohols as well as primary alcohols, and can attain high reaction efficiency even when air is used as a bulk oxidant.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds that are allosteric inhibitors of tumor necrosis factor receptor I, compositions comprising such compounds, and methods of using such compounds and compositions thereof in the treatment of TNF-? mediated conditions.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods for the synthesis of catalysts, including epoxidation catalysts, and related compounds and catalyst compositions. Embodiments described herein may provide efficient processes for providing catalysts (e.g., epoxidation catalysts) in large quantities and using simplified methods.

Abstract: This invention relates generally to methods for preparing certain bile acids from non-mammalian sourced starting materials as well as to synthetic bile acids and compositions comprising such acids wherein the acids are characterized by a different C14 population than naturally occurring bile acids as well as being free from any mammalian pathogens. This invention is also directed to the synthesis of intermediates useful in the synthesis of such bile acids. Accordingly, the C ring of the steroidal scaffold is oxidized to provide a synthetic route and intermediates to DCA. This invention also provides synthetic methods for preparing deoxycholic acid or a salt thereof starting from aromatic steroids such as estrogen, equilenin, and derivatives thereof. This invention is also directed to intermediates such as 12-oxo or delta-9,11-ene steroids as well as novel processes for their preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel polar fluorescent and quenchers dyes, and minor groove binder with enhanced polarity. The present invention further relates to methods of preparing oligonucleotide probes labeled with polar arsonate dyes under the condition of automated synthesis and method of using such probes.

Abstract: A method for oxidizing an alcohol, wherein oxidation is performed in the presence of a compound represented by the following formula (I) and a bulk oxidant, which enables efficient oxidation of secondary alcohols as well as primary alcohols, and can attain high reaction efficiency even when air is used as a bulk oxidant.

Abstract: This invention relates to A crown ether of formula (I) wherein m is 4, 5, 6, 7, or 8 and i is, independently for each occurrence, 1 or 2; each occurrence of R1 and R2 is independently selected from hydrogen; linear or branched and substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C10 alkyl, alkenyl and alkinyl; and substituted or unsubstituted aryl with up to 10 ring atoms; or R1 and R2 together form an oxo group; at least one occurrence in the crown ether of R1, R2 and the carbon to which R1 and R2 are attached, said carbon being bound directly to an ether oxygen of formula (I), form together a group of formula (II) wherein L is a linker which is absent or selected from a covalent bond and (CR5R6)n, each occurrence of R5 and R6 being independently selected from hydrogen; linear or branched and substituted or unsubstituted C1 to C10 alkyl, alkenyl and alkinyl; and substituted or unsubstituted aryl with up to 10 ring atoms, n being 1, 2 or 3; X and Y, independently from each other, are selected from O and S; Z, indep

Abstract: The disclosure provides for metal catecholate frameworks, and methods of use thereof, including gas separation, gas storage, catalysis, tunable conductors, supercapacitors, and sensors.

Abstract: Tellurium-containing compounds identified for use in a method of treating, or prophylaxis against, a viral infection caused by an influenza virus, uses thereof and pharmaceutical kits and pharmaceutical corn positions comprising the same, are disclosed. The tellurium-containing compounds disclosed herein are suitable for co-administration with an antiviral agent.

Abstract: A fluorine-containing ether compound with a fluorine content increased, the fluorine content being enhanced by fluorinating a polymer including a repeating unit represented by the following Formula (I): wherein Rh1 represents a divalent linkage group; Rf2 represents an perfluoroalkylene group; each of Rf3 and Rf4 independently represents a fluorine atom, a perfluoroalkyl group or a perfluoroalkoxy group, and any two of Rf2, Rf3 and Rf4 may be combined with each other to form a ring.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to methods for the synthesis of catalysts, including epoxidation catalysts, and related compounds and catalyst compositions. Embodiments described herein may provide efficient processes for providing catalysts (e.g., epoxidation catalysts) in large quantities and using simplified methods.

Abstract: The present invention provides an agent that modulates physiological condition of pests, wherein the agent has an ability to modulate the activity of an insect c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase; a method for assaying pesticidal activity of a test substance, which comprises a step of measuring the activity of a c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase in a reaction system in which the c-Jun NH2-terminal kinase contacts with a test substance, and the like.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel polar fluorescent and quenchers dyes, and minor groove binder with enhanced polarity. The present invention further relates to methods of preparing oligonucleotide probes labeled with polar arsonate dyes under the condition of automated synthesis and method of using such probes.

Abstract: This invention provides for novel antiparasitic and pesticidal derivatives of avermectin and milbemycin compounds in which two avermectin or milbemycin members are linked together by a chemical linker. The resulting compounds may be used in veterinary compositions which are used in treating, controlling and preventing of endo- and ectoparasite infections and infestations in animals or for combating pests in plants or plant propagation material.

Abstract: Spirotetrathiocarbamates (STOCs) or oxa substituted compounds (SOTOCs) of Formula I: Formula (I) or bisSTOC or bisSOTOC compounds of Formula II: Formula (II) wherein X1, X2, X3, X4, X5, X6, X7, and X8, are independently O or S; and preferably at least two and up to all four of X1, X2, X3 and X4, and at least two and up to all four of X5, X6, X7, and X8 are sulfur; Z is —CmR22m wherein m=1 to 4; —C(R2)2SC(R2)2—, C(R2)2SSC(R2)2—, or —C(R2)OC(R2)2; n is from 0 to 4; M is selected from CH2Cl, CH2SC(O)R1, CH2SC(S)R1, CH2S(CH2CH2S)qH wherein q is 0, 1 or 2; —CR2?CH2, —CH2OC(O)CR2?CH2, CH2N?C?S, CH2N?C?O, CH2NR2H, CH2OH, CH2SCH2CH2CR2?CH2, phenyl, C(R2)phenyl, furan, thiophene, halogen, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C3-C6 heretocyclics, thiol, H, (III) or (IV) wherein A is S, O or phenyl; x is 0 or 1; R1 is C1-C22 alkyl; and R2 is H or C1-C22 alkyl have excellent optical properties. Methods for preparing these compositions and optical lenses prepared from the compounds are also provided.

Abstract: Provided is a method for manufacturing fullerene 1,3-dioxolane conveniently at high yield. Fullerene 1,3-dioxolane is manufactured by reacting a fullerene oxide and a carbonyl compound in the presence of a catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides novel trioxane dimers having formulae III, IV or V: methods for their preparation, pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, and methods for treating cancer and/or malaria using these compounds and compositions.

Abstract: Safe, effective first-pass inhibiting compounds and citrus-derived substances are provided. Formulations containing the compounds are also provided as are methods for their preparation and for inhibiting the first pass effect.

Abstract: Compositions, methods, etc. for addressing the first-pass effect.

Abstract: Safe, effective first-pass inhibiting compounds and citrus-derived substances are provided. Formulations containing the compounds are also provided as are methods for inhibiting the first pass effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a phototunable chiral dopant represented by the following structure: wherein: A, B, C and D are independent divalent groups; X and Z are any independently selected substituent; n is an integer and independently varies from 0 to 3; q is an integer and independently varies from 0 to 5; RNG1 and RNG2 independently represent any ring group; m represents an integer independently varying from 0 to 4; p represents an integer independently varying from 1 to 4; Q independently represents a carbon C—RC, or nitrogen, wherein RC is independently hydrogen or any substituent. The invention also relates to the use of the dopant in a liquid crystalline composition and a display containing the same, as well as a material composition comprising an enantiomeric excess of one enantiomer of the compound.

Abstract: Compositions, methods, etc. for addressing the first-pass effect.

Abstract: NST 400 compounds consisting of a unit for partial coordination of Ca2+ ions (CPCU). The NST 400 compounds are optionally conjugated to another pharmaceutically active compound. The compounds and conjugates can be used for affinity filters and for binding negative charged phospholipids. The compounds and conjugates can also be used for treating diseases involving changes of cell membrane asymmetry.

Abstract: Ortho esters and ortho carbonates can be produced by alkylating esters and carbonates with, for example, the hexafluorophosphate salt of a trialkyl oxonium ion. The spiro species are useful intermediates in the synthesis of complex organic molecules. Synthetic pathways for the production of medically active compounds incorporates spiro ortho esters. Anti-first-pass effect materials are produced in high yield utilizing a synthetic strategy incorporating cyclic ortho ester intermediates.

Abstract: Safe, effective first-pass inhibiting compounds and citrus-derived substances are provided. Formulations containing the compounds are also provided as are methods for inhibiting the first pass effect.

Abstract: Photopolymerizable compositions are provided which are the reaction products of a vinyl ether, a photoinitiator system comprising an iodonium salt, a visible light sensitizer, and an electron donor compound. These monomeric/oligomeric compositions may also include epoxides, polyols, spiroorthocarbonates. One embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, a spiroorthocarbonate, and a photoinitiator system. Another embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, an epoxide, a polyol, and a photoinitiator system. Still another embodiment of the present invention is a polymerizable composition comprised of a vinyl ether, an epoxide, a polyol, a spiroorthocarbonate, and a photoinitiator system. Still further, another embodiment of the present invention is certain novel spiroorthocarbonate compounds. Each of these novel spiroorthocarbonate compounds include at least one epoxy group as a substituent.

Abstract: Ortho esters and ortho carbonates can be produced by alkylating esters and carbonates with, for example, the hexafluorophosphate salt of a trialkyl oxonium ion. The spiro species are useful intermediates in the synthesis of complex organic molecules. Synthetic pathways for the production of medically active compounds incorporates spiro ortho esters. Anti-first-pass effect materials are produced in high yield utilizing a synthetic strategy incorporating cyclic ortho ester intermediates.

Abstract: Novel tubulin binding compounds (SPIKETS) having potent tubulin depolymerization activity and inhibitory activity against tubulin polymerization. The compounds are effective agents for inhibiting cellular proliferation, for example, in cancer cells. The compounds are adapted to interact favorably with a novel SP binding pocket on tubulin, which pocket is useful for screening of anti-tubulin, anti-proliferation, and anti-cancer drugs.

Abstract: Safe, effective first-pass inhibiting compounds and citrus-derived substances are provided. Formulations containing the compounds are also provided as are methods for their preparation and for inhibiting the first pass effect.

Abstract: 2,3-Dihydrobenzofuran derivatives of general formula 1

Abstract: A compound and method for producing an enantiomerically enriched epoxide from an olefin using a chiral ketone and an oxidizing agent is disclosed.

Abstract: Safe, effective first-pass inhibiting compounds and citrus-derived substances are provided. Formulations containing the compounds are also provided as are methods for inhibiting the first pass effect.

Abstract: Safe, effective first-pass inhibiting compounds and citrus-derived substances are provided. Formulations containing the compounds are also provided as are methods for their preparation and for inhibiting the first pass effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel phenyl-substituted cyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) in which A, B, G, X, Y, Z and n are each as defined in the description, to a plurality of processes for their preparation and to their use as pesticides and herbicides.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 1,3-dioxolane-3-methanol (5) in a racemic form or an optically active form involves reacting with an alcohol in a base (i) a 3-halogeno-1,2-propanediol (1a) in which X is halogen atom, or (ii) a glycidol effecting a 3-alkoxy-1,2-propanediol, acetalizing the 3-alkoxy-1,2-propanediol in an acid, and hydrogenolyzing the resulting 4-alkoxy-1,3-dioxolane in a reduction catalyst to effect the 1,3-dioxolane-3-methanol (5) in which each of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is a hydrogen atom, alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together form a cycloalkyl ring having 3 to 6 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present inventor has discovered chemical compounds which inhibit the first-pass effect of orally administered drugs in humans; that phototoxic low molecular weight furocoumarins and certain ether-substituted furocoumarins that are naturally present in citrus extracts, juices, byproducts, etc. may be removed therefrom or reduced in concentration without destroying the first-pass effect inhibiting compounds therein, and a method for preparing citrus-based compositions using only FDA or USP acceptable reagents.

Abstract: Compounds of the general formula Ia and Ib are described ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and represent hydrogen, straight-chain or branched C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 lower alkyl or an aryl group optionally substituted by electron-withdrawing groups, R.sup.3 denotes a cleavable group, W is hydrogen, halogen or a pseudohalogen and at least one of the groups R.sup.4 or R.sup.5 is a group stabilizing the dioxetane structure and at most one of the groups R.sup.4 or R.sup.5 represents hydrogen and X or Y represents oxygen, N-R or C(R).sub.2 in which R has the meanings stated for R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 or represents a mesomeric double bond or a carbonyl group and n denotes the number 0 or 1 and m denotes the number 1 or 2, as well as a process for their production. These compounds are new and can be used as substrates in immunological assays and in DNA diagnostics using activating agents for colour formation.

Abstract: Bistramide derivatives with virtually no toxic effects, of formula (I) wherein --R.sub.1, X, Y and R.sub.2 are a saturated or unsaturated hydrocarbonaceous chain having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms, substituted by at least one --OH group and/or a ketone function, including, if need be, at least one ring (a), the ring including one more unsaturations; --R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 are the same or different and are selected from hydrogen, alkyl or alkoxy radicals having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, a group --COOH, --OH, --NH or --NO.sub.2, or a halogen atom. The invention also concern bistramide derivatives of formula (I) such as ethers or esters and their isomers, excluding A, B and C bistramides. Said bistramides are useful especially as drugs having a cytostatic effect, in particular as antitumour or anti-parasitic drugs.

Abstract: The compound of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7, and R.sup.8 are as defined herein, are described. These compounds are antibacterial agents.

Abstract: Polychromatic compounds of pyrans having a substituted adamantane or a polycyclic ring system, with the exception of adamantane, in the 2-position of the pyran ring, having the structure ##STR1## whereby the residues R.sub.1 -R.sub.4 are independently substituents selected from the series H, alkyl, substituted phenyl, phenyl, naphthyl, OH, alkoxy (C.sub.1 -C.sub.4), halogen, alkylamino, dialkylamino, cyan, trifluormethyl, or, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are constituents of at least one condensed aromatic, heteroaromatic or an alkane ring, wherein said heteroaromatic ring is selected from the group consisting of pyridine, pyrimidine, pyridazine, quinoline, isoquinoline, naphthyridine, quinazoline, quinoxaline, phthalazine, pteridine, phenazine, and benzoquinoline which are substituted by the same residues as R.sub.1 -R.sub.

Abstract: This invention relates to sodium-selective agents which are monensin amide derivatives and sodium-selective electrodes having sodium-selective membranes containing such monensin amide derivatives. This invention further relates to multisensor flow assemblies incorporating such a monensin amide derivative in a sodium-selective electrode.

Abstract: Spiromonomers with enhanced reactivity and ring-opening proficiency of the formulae: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkenyl, R.sub.3 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloaliphatic unsubstituted, or substituted with halo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, or one of one or more hetero atoms; and R.sub.4 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloaliphatic unsubstituted, or substituted with halo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, or one of one or more hetero atoms; formula (II) ##STR2## wherein R.sub.5 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkenyl; R.sub.6 represents hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkenyl; R.sub.7 is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkenyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 cycloaliphatic unsubstituted, or substituted with halo, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, alkoxy, hydroxy, or one of one or more hetero atoms; or aryl; and R.sub.8 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl or a C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: The photosensitive resin composition of the present invention comprises an admixture of 5 to 100 weight parts of a photosensitive material having the following general formula (A) and 100 weight parts of an alkali-soluble resin:General formula (A) ##STR1## where R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 each independently represents a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, a halogen atom, an alkyl group, an alkoxyl group, an aralkyl group, an aryl group, an amino group, a monoalkylamino group, a dialkylamino group, an acylamino group, an alkylcarbamoyl group, an arylcarbamoyl group, an alkylsulfamoyl group, an arylsulfamoyl group, a carboxyl group, a cyano group, a nitro group, an acyl group, an alkyloxycarbonyl group, an aryloxycarbonyl group, an acyloxy group, or --OD, --N(R)--D (where R represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, and D represents a 1,2-napthoquinoediazide-5-sulfonyl group or a 1,2-napthoquinoediazide-4-sulfonyl group), and at least one of R.sub.1 to R.sub.8 represents --OD or --N(R)--D; R.sub.9 to R.sub.

Abstract: A composition for removing or inactivating harmful components including virus from blood or other extracellular liquids comprises a crownether compound substituted on a polysaccharide, preferably dextrane. The composition may be soluble in water, preferably for intraveneous application, or insoluble for extracorporeal application.

Abstract: An asymmetric spiroorthocarbonate compound having one exomethylene group and represented by the following general formula (1) ##STR1## wherein A represents a group selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each represents a hydrogen atom, a lower alkyl group having not more than 8 carbon atoms, an alkoxy group, a halogen group, a nitro group, a cyano group, an amino group, an amide group, a hydroxyl group or an alkyl ester group having not more than 20 carbon atoms; and R.sup.5, R.sup.6, R.sup.7 and R.sup.8, R.sup.9 through R.sup.14, R.sup.15 through R.sup.22, R.sup.23 through R.sup.28 and R.sup.29 through R.sup.36 each represents a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group having not more than 8 carbon atoms; and copolymers containing units therefrom.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,2-O-(1-methylethylidine)-.alpha.-L-sorbofuranose and 6-(n-substituted amino)-6-deoxy-1,2-O-(1-methylethylidine)-.alpha.-L-sorbofuranose and derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R' is benzyl or R, wherein R is hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 13 carbon atoms, and aralkyl wherein alkyl is a lower alkyl of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and aryl is phenyl, unsubstituted or substituted with lower alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, halo, lower alkoxy of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or thio lower alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms by the steps of: treating L-sorbose with 2,2-dimethoxy propane to yield 1,2:4,6-di-O-(1-methylethylidine)-.alpha.-L-sorbofuranose; treating the compound with sulfuric acid in a solvent to produce 1,2-O-(1-methylethylidine)-.alpha.-L-sorbofuranose; and consecutively treating with sulfonyl chloride and with an amine to yield 6-(substituted amino)-6-deoxy- 1,2-O-(1-methylethylidine)-.alpha.-L-sorbofuranose.