Abstract: Difluoromethylene compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --(A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1).sub.m --A.sup.2 --Q--CF.sub.2 --(A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2).sub.n --A.sup.4 --R.sup.2 Iin which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, A.sup.3, A.sup.4, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2, m and n are as defined herein and Q is --CO--, --O-- or --S--, can be used as components of liquid-crystalline media for liquid-crystal and electrooptical display elements.

Abstract: A composition for protecting culture plants from the phytotoxic action of herbicidally active chloracetanilides contains as active ingredient an acylamine derivative of the formula I ##STR1## wherein X is oxygen, sulfur, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --,Q is an alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl group, which may be interrupted by oxygen sulfur sulfonyl or sulfonyl, or a test 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl-alkyl, 1,3-dioxolan-4-alkyl, 2,2-dialkyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylalkyl, 1,3-dioxan-2-ylalkyl, 2-benzopyranylalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl alkenyloxycarbonyl or tetrahydrofurylalkyl, or the groupQ--X represents also a halogenoalkyl radical,n is 1, 2 or 3,Z is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or dioxymethylene, alkoxy, alkenyloxy or alkinyloxy, A is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -hydrocarbon radical which may be straight-chained, branched or cyclic and which is unsubstituted or substituted by alkoxy, alkylthio, cyano or halogen,R is halogenoalkyl or halogenoalkenyl,R.sub.1 is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I): ##STR1## in which: R represents hydrogen, methyl of hydroxy; X represents an alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, aryl, aralkyl, or heterocyclic group; A represents a single bond, or an alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene or alkadienylene group; Y represents hydrogen, or an aryl, cycloalkyl or heterocyclic group] have valuable antihypercholesteremic activities and may be used in the treatment of disorders arising from a blood cholesterol imbalance in humans and other animals.

Abstract: Ether-substituted isonitriles, Tc99m complexes thereof, and processes for myocardial tissue radioimaging using the Tc99m complexes.

Abstract: Substituted amino derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each stand for an acyclic hydrocarbon residue or an alicyclic hydrocarbon residue; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each stand for hydrogen or a hydrocarbon residue optionally containing hetero-atom(s); A stands for a carbon chain having two or more carbon atoms optionally containing ether linkage or sulfide linkage, which may be substituted and which may per se form a ring; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 each stand for oxygen atom or sulfur atom; and Y stands for amino group or an organic residue bonded through nitrogen atom, which may form a ring by combining with a carbon atom constituting A; and their salts have anti-arrhythmic activity and are useful for prevention and treatment of a variety of arrhythmias.

Abstract: A substituted colorant which may be copolymerized with a condensation polymer to provide a covalently bound, nonextractable coloring, having the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R.sub.1 are independently selected from hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sub.4 is selected from hydrogen or lower alkyl; x is 0 or 1; N and M are each integers of from 1 to about 100 and the sum of N and M is from 3 to about 100. The hydroxyl groups are protected by formation of a ring structure during alkoxylation and amination of the substituent.

Abstract: This invention concerns compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a single covalent bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, 1,4-phenylene, a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine ring or a group of the formula: ##STR2## ring A is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or, when X is a single covalent bond, ring A may also be 1,4-phenylene, a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine ring or a trans-2,5-disubstituted m-dioxane ring; andR.sup.1 is straight-chain trans-1-alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or straight-chain trans-3-alkenyl having 4 to 12 carbon atoms or, when X is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, R.sup.1 may also be 1,4-phenylene, a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine ring or a group of formula IA or when ring A is a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine ring of a trans-2,5-disubstituted m-dioxane ring, R.sup.1 may also be straight-chain alkyl with 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and one of the benzene rings may have a lateral fluorine substituent;their manufacture, and liquid crystalline mixtures and electro-optical device containing same.

Abstract: Primary amino polyoxyalkylene 1,3-dioxane or 1,3-dioxolane compounds are provided of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R and R.sub.1 are independently selected from hydrogen or a lower alkyl group; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are independently selected from hydrogen, phenyl or lower alkyl groups; R.sub.4 is selected from hydrogen or a lower alkyl group; x is 0 or 1; N and M are each integers of from 1 to about 100 and the sum of N an M is from 2 to about 100; also disclosed are polyoxyalkylene amino alcohol compounds which may be derived from the compounds of Formula I above having the formula: ##STR2## wherein R, R.sub.1, R.sub.4, x, N and M all have the values given above. Also provided is a process for preparing a primary amino polyoxyalkylene 1,3-dioxane or 1,3-dioxolane.

Abstract: The invention also relates to carbacyclin derivatives of general formula I' ##STR1## wherein R.sub.9 is an alkyl group of 1-10 carbon atoms or the group --C.dbd.C--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --R.sub.6 whereinm is 1 to 16 andR.sub.6 is hydroxy on amino.

Abstract: The present application discloses novel potassium salts of particular tellurium and selenium compounds which are useful for the stimulation of the production of cytokines.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each H or an alkyl group which has 1-10 C atoms and in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by 0 atoms and/or --CO-groups, and/or --CO--O-- groups and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- groups, or are F, Cl, Br, CN or R.sup.3 --A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2 --,A.sup.1 is --A--, A.sup.4 --Z.sup.o --A-- or --A--Z.sup.o --A.sup.4 --,A is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-cyclohexenylene group which is unsubstituted or is monosubstituted or polysubstituted in the 2-, 3-, 5- and/or 6-position by F and/or Cl and/or Br and/or CN and/or an alkyl group or a fluorinated alkyl group each of which has 1-10 C atoms and in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by 0 atoms and/or --CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups, which trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-cyclohexenylene group can optionally also be substituted in the 1-position and/or 4-position and one or two CH.sub.

Abstract: 3-(3,4,5,6-Tetrahydrophthalimido)-benzaldehydes of the type I ##STR1## or corresponding derivatives substituted in the phenyl ring are prepared by(a) acetalization of a 3-nitrobenzaldehyde III or of a corresponding derivative with an alcohol IV in the presence of an acidic catalyst to give the corresponding cyclic acetal V ##STR2## (b) reduction of the cyclic acetal V with hydrogen to give the corresponding amino compound II and(c) subsequent condensation of this aminophenyl acetal II with 3,4,5,6-tetrahydrophthalic anhydride in an acidic reaction medium.

Abstract: A novel anthraquinone derivative is proposed, of the general formula ##STR1## where A,B,D are simultaneously or independently groups --NHCOR.sup.1, --NHCOAlk, --OCOAlk, --OCOR.sup.1, --OH, --OAlk, --NHAlk, H, wherein R.sup.1 is groups ##STR2## R.sup.4 is groups ##STR3## where Alk=C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 ; R.sup.5 is groups ##STR4## where Alk=C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 ; R.sup.6 is hydrogen or --Alk=C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 ;R.sup.7 -Alkyl=C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 ;R.sup.2, R.sup.3 are groups --Alk, --OAlk, --SAlk,where Alk=C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 or R.sup.3 - H, as a dichroic dye with negative dichrosim for a liquid-crystal material. Also proposed is a liquid-crystalline material containing a liquid-crystalline matrix and a dichroic dye representing at least one anthraquinone derivative of general formula /1/ taken in amount 1-15 mass %.

Abstract: The invention relates to treatment of diseases caused by thromboxane A.sub.2 comprising administering a compound ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or lower alkyl,R.sup.2 is carboxy(lower)alkyl or protected carboxy(lower)alkyl andR.sup.3 is --CH.dbd.N--R.sup.4 in which R.sup.4 is arylureido or arylthioureido andX is --O--,or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: A novel complex of a class of tellurium and selenium compounds is disclosed, which is based on a complexing agent and the particular compound to be complexed.

Abstract: Derivatives of 4-cyano-2,3-difluorophenol of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an alkyl group which has 1-12 C atoms and in which one or two CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --CO--O-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH--, no two 0 atoms being directly attached to one another,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 independently of one another are each 1,4-phenylene which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two F atoms, and in which one or two CH groups can also be replaced by N, or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by 0 atoms and/or S atoms,Z is --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O, --C.tbd.C-- or a single bond,m is 0, 1 or 2 andQ is --CO-- or --CH.sub.2 --.

Abstract: This invention concerns compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is a single covalent bond, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, 1,4-phenylene, a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine ring or a group of the formula: ##STR2## ring A is trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or, when X is a single covalent bond, ring A may also be 1,4-phenylene, a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine ring or a trans-2,5-disubstituted m-dioxane ring; andR.sup.1 is straight-chain trans-1-alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbon atoms or straight-chain trans-3-alkenyl having 4 to 12 carbon atoms or, when X is --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, R.sup.1 may also be 1,4-phenylene, a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine ring or a group of formula IA or when ring A is a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine ring or a trans-2, 5-disubstituted m-dioxane ring, R.sup.1 may also be straight-chain alkyl with 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and one of the benzene rings may have a lateral fluorine substituent;their manufacture, and liquid crystalline mixtures and electro-optical devices containing same.

Abstract: The manufacture of optically active bifunctional compounds of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R represents protected hydroxymethyl, protected formyl or alkoxycarbonyl and R.sup.1 represents a group of the formula ##STR2## in which R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 represents lower alkyl or cycloalkyl or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together with the nitrogen atom represent a heterocyclic ring, by isomerizing compounds of the general formula ##STR3## wherein R, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the above significance and R.sup.3 can additionally signify hydrogen, is described.The compounds of formula I are potential intermediates in the manufacture of, interalia, natural vitamin E and natural vitamin K.sub.1.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel process for making novel (4-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-cis-5-yl)alkenoic acids of the formula I in which Ra and Rb are independently hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, halogenoalkyl, pentafluorophenyl, aryl or aryl-(1,4C)alkyl; or Ra and Rb together are polymethylene; Rc is hydroxy or (1-6C)alkanesulphonamideo, A is vinylene, n is 1, Y is polymethylene, and benzene ring B bears various optional substituents. The process involves the reaction of an aldehyde of formula II with an ylid to give an erythro-diol of formula III which is then cyclized to the required dioxane derivative of formula I. The invention also provides a novel process for making the aldehydes of formula II from the corresponding lactols of formula IIa, which are themselves obtained with the correct trans-stereochemistry by two selective reductions of a trans-phenylparaconic acid of formula V. The compounds of formula I are useful as thereapeutic agents.

Abstract: A composition for protecting culture plants from the phytotoxic action of herbicidally active chloracetanilides contains as active ingredient an acylamine derivative of the formula I ##STR1## wherein X is oxygen, sulfur, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --,Q is an alkyl, alkenyl, alkinyl group, which may be interupted by oxygen, sulfur, sulfinyl or sulfonyul, or a test 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl-alkyl, 1,3-dioxolan-4-alkyl, 2,2-dialkyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-ylalkyl, 1,3-dioxan-2-ylalkyl, 2-benzopyranylalkyl, alkoxycarbonyl alkenyl-oxycarbonyl or tetrahydrofurylalkyl, or the groupOX represents also a halogenoalkyl radical,n is 1, 2 or 3,Z is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or dioxymethylene,A is a C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 -hydrocarbon radical which may be staight-chained, branched or cyclic and which is unsubstituted or substituted by alkoxy, alkylthio, cyano or halogen,B is hydrogen, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel group of 4(Z)-([2,4,5-cis]-2,4-diphenyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)hexenoic acids of formula I, wherein X is F, Cl, Br, CF.sub.3, CN, CH.sub.3 O or NO.sub.2 and one of Y and Z is hydrogen or fluoro and the other is hydrogen, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts; together with their pharmaceutical compositions for use in treating a variety of disease conditions. Also provided are methods for the manufacture of novel compounds. Representative compounds are those in which X is 2-cyano or 2-chloro and Y and Z are both hydrogen.

Abstract: Liquid crystalline ethane derivatives by the described method in order to form liquid crystalline compositions with known liquid crystalline compounds have a general formula I: ##STR1## wherein, if ring A idicates a 1,4-substituted benzene ring, then ring B indicates 1.4-substituted benzene ring or 1.4-trans-substituted cyclohexane ring or 1.4-substituted bicyclo[2,2,2]octane ring or 2.5-substituted pyrimidine ring or 2.5-substituted 1.3- dioxane ring, or if ring B indicates a 1.4-substituted benzene ring, then A indicates 1.4-trans-substituted cyclohexane ring or 1.4-substituted bicylo[2,2,2]octane ring or 2.5-substituted pyrimidine ring or 2.5-substituted 1.3-dioxane ring, and R indicates a normal alkyl chain C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 or a non-branched alkoxy group C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 O or an alkylcarboxylic group C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 COO or an alkyl carbonato group C.sub.n H.sub.2n+1 OCOO or a branched alkyl chain CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.2 --CH(CH.sub.3)--(CH.sub.2).sub.k -- or a branched alkoxy group CH.sub.3 --CH.sub.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 Iin whichR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each an alkyl group having 1-10 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O atoms and/or --CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- groups, one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 also being H, F, Cl, Br, CN or R.sup.3 --A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2 --,A.sup.1 is --A--, A.sup.4 --A-- or --A--A.sup.4 --,A is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group which can be substituted in the 2-, 3-, 5- and/or 6-position one or more times by F and/or Cl and/or Br and/or CN and/or an alkyl group or a fluorinated alkyl group which each have 1-10 C atoms and in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by 0 atoms and/or --CO-- groups and/or --CO--O-- groups, and which may also be substituted in the 1- and/or 4-position,A.sup.2, A.sup.3 and A.sup.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X has the formula --CR.sup.5 .dbd.CR.sup.6 --, --C.tbd.C-- or ##STR2## wherein ring A is phenyl, naphthyl or heterocyclic; wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkanoyl or aroyl;wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each is an electron withdrawing substituent of each is hydrogen or alkyl, alkoxy or dialkylamino, provided that when ring A is phenyl or naphthyl at least one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is an electron-withdrawing substitutent;wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, each is hydrogen, halogeno or alkyl;wherein R.sup.7 is alkyl or halogenoalkyl; and wherein R.sup.8 has the formula --Y--Q--R.sup.9 wherein Y is straight- or branched-chain alkylene or alkenylene; wherein Q is --O--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --; andwherein R.sup.9 is alkyl or up to 6 carbon atoms which contains one or more defined substituents, processes for their manufacture and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel N-[4(Z)-2-substituted-6-(4-o-hydroxyphenyl-1,3 dioxan-cis-5-yl)hexenoyl]sulphonamide derivatives of formula I of value as therapeutic agents. Typically R.sup.1 is a branched (3-6C)alkyl, trifluoromethyl or phenyl radical as defined hereinafter and R.sup.2 is alkyl, benzyl or phenyl.The invention also discloses salts of the formula I compounds as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and processes for the production of the compounds.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulaR.sup.1 --Q.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --(COO).sub.n --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --Q.sup.2 --R.sup.2whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-12 C atoms, F, Cl, Br, CN or --Q.sup.3 --R.sup.3, or one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can also be H;Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2 and Q.sup.3 are each independently 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1-4 fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms;R.sup.3 is alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-8 C atoms, H, F, Cl, Br or CN;m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; n is 0 or 1; and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the sum of (m+p) being 2, 4 or 6 and the sum of (m+n+p) being at least 3;but with the proviso that Q.sup.3 is unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene substituted by a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, only when n=1 or (m+p)=6 or at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is F, Cl or Br or none of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is CN or two of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.

Abstract: Novel intermediates and a novel process for their preparation, where said intermediates are useful in the preparation of 6-hydroxymethyl and related oxidation derivatives of mevinolin and analogs thereof, are disclosed.

Abstract: The new esters derived from a chiral compound containing two OH groups and at least one mesogenic carboxylic acid which have the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which X.sup.1 =O--H or O--CO--(C.sub.1 to C.sub.12)alkyl and X.sup.2 =O--MC or X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 denote O-MC independently of each other, where MC is the molecular radical of a mesogenic monocarboxylic acid after splitting off an OH group.The esters or esters substituted in the aromatic part of the phenolic part preferably find application as an admixture intwistable liquid crystal phases in which they produce a temperature compensation and a high degree of twisting.

Abstract: The invention describes novel (2-styryl-, 2-naphthyl- and 2-phenethyl-4-o-hydroxyphenyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)alkenoic acids and related tetrazoles and sulphonamides, of the formula I wherein Q completes a benzene or pyridine ring, Y is vinylene, Z is carboxy, 1 (H)-tetrazol-5-yl or a group of the formula --CO.NHSO.sub.2 R.sup.6, and R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5, R.sup.6, A.sup.1, A.sup.2, n and m have the meanings defined in the specification, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for use in conjunction with their pharmaceutical compositions in treating certain pulmonary and/or vascular disorders. The invention also describes various processes and intermediates for the manufacture of the novel compounds.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel 1,3-dioxane hexenoic aids and related carboxytic acid esters and alkanesulphonamides of the formula I in which X is oxy or thio, R.sup.1 is hydrogen, halogeno, trifluoromethyl, cyano or nitro and R.sup.2 is hydrogen, together with their pharmaceutically acceptable salts. The invention also concerns processes for the production of the novel compounds and pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds for use in the treatment of various diseases in which thromboxane A.sub.2 (TXA.sub.2) is implicated.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel N-[4(Z)-6-(4-o-hydroxyphenyl-1,3-dioxan-cis-5-yl)hexanoyl]sulphonamide derivatives of formula I of value as therapeutic agents.R.sup.1 is typically an alkoxyalkyl or phenoxyalkyl radical as defined hereinafter and R.sup.2 is alkyl, benzyl or phenyl. The invention also discloses salts of the formula I compounds as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds and processes for the production of the compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a dimeric aromatic acyl cyanide of the formula ##STR1## in which Ar is optionally substituted phenyl, naphthyl or hetaryl,comprising reaction an acyl halide of the formulaAr--CO--Halin whichHal is fluorine, chlorine or bromine, with an alkali metal cyanide in a two-phase system comprising water and a water-immiscible or only sparingly water-miscible aliphatic ketone, and in the presence of a phase-transfer catalyst. The products are known intermediates for pesticides.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel 1,3-dioxane ethers of the formula I, wherein R.sup.1 includes alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl and phenyalkyl, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 include hydrogen and alkyl, n is 1 or 2, m is 2, 3 or 4, p is zero, 1 or 2, and Z is carboxy or 1(H)-tetrazol-5-yl, and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, for use in conjunction with their pharmaceutical compositions in the treatment of certain pulmonary and/or vascular disorders. The invention also describes various processes and intermediates for the manufacture of the novel compounds.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel group of 4(Z)-([2,4,5-cis]-2,4-diphenyl-1,3-dioxan-5-yl)hexenoic acids of formula I, wherein X is F, Cl, Br, CF.sub.3, CN, CH.sub.3 O or NO.sub.2 and one of Y and Z is hydrogen or fluoro and the other is hydrogen, and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts; together with their pharmaceutical compositions for use in treating a variety of disease conditions. Also provided are methods for the manufacture of novel compounds. Representative compounds are those in which X is 2-cyano or 2-chloro and Y and Z are both hydrogen.

Abstract: Certain tellurium compounds have been found to have the ability to stimulate the in vivo and in vitro production of cytokines and their receptors. These compounds may be utilized in the treatment of certain tumors, autoimmune diseases, immune diseases and infectious diseases.

Abstract: Polysaccharide esters containing aldehyde and acetal groups having the structural formulas ##STR1## are prepared by reacting a polysaccharide, such as a starch, gum, or cellulose, with an acetal-containing reagent which contains a functional group reactive with the hydroxyl groups of the polysaccharide; Z is a multivalent organic group: A and A' are independently a lower alkyl or together form at least a 5-membered cyclic acetal; x is at least 1; and y is at least 1. When x is >1 the esters are crosslinked. Typical reagents for introducing the acetal group include 3,3-diethoxypropionyl guanidine (itself a novel compound) and 4-(methylaminoacetaldehyde dimethyl acetal)-4-oxo-butanoic acid). The derivatives are useful in conventional applications such as coatings, adhesives, paper additives and foodstuffs.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel 4-phenyl-1,3-dioxan-5-ylalkenoic acid derivatives of the formula I having cis relative stereochemistry at positions 4 and 5 of the dioxane ring and wherein Ra and Rb are variously hydrogen, alkyl, halogenoalkyl, alkenyl, and optionally substituted aryl or arylalkyl, Rc is hydroxy, alkoxy or alkanesulphonamido, n is 1 or 2, A is ethylene or vinylene, Y is (2-5C)polymethylene optionally substituted by alkyl, and benzene ring B is optionally substituted phenyl, or, when Rc is hydroxy, a salt thereof. The acid derivatives antagonize one or more of the actions of thromboxane A.sub.2 (TXA.sub.2) and are expected to be of value in those disease conditions in which TXA.sub.2 is involved. The invention also provides pharmaceutical compositions containing an acid derivative of formula I, and processes for their chemical production.

Abstract: N-Phenylsulfonyl-N'-pyrimidinylureas and --N'-triazinylureas of the general formula ##STR1## and the salts of these compounds with amines, alkali metal bases and alkaline earth metal bases or with quaternary ammonium bases, have good selective herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties when applied pre- and postemergence.In the formulaR.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen, nitro, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxycarbonyl,R.sub.2 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, each unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms,R.sub.3 is halogen, hydrogen, --NR.sub.4 R.sub.5, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkyl, unsubstituted or substituted by 1 to 3 halogen atoms or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, or is C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 alkoxy, unsubstituted or substituted by methoxy, ethoxy, or 1 to 3 halogen atoms,R.sub.4 is hydrogen or methyl,R.sub.5 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl or methoxy,A is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylene or C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each an alkyl group having 1-10 C atoms, in which one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O atoms and/or CO groups and/or --OCO-- groups and/or --COO-- groups and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- groups, or are F, Cl, Br, CN or R.sup.3 --A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2 --,A.sup.1 is --A--, --A.sup.4 --A-- or --A--A.sup.4 --,A is a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl or 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl group which is monosubstituted or polysubstituted in the 2-position and/or 4-position by alkyl each having 1-10 C atoms and/or in the 5-position by alkyl, alkoxy, fluorinated alkyl or fluorinated alkoxy each having 1-5 C atoms, or by F, Cl, Br or CN,A.sup.2, A.sup.3 and A.sup.4 each are 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl, 1,4-bicyclo[2,2,2]octylene, decahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-2,6-diyl, 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-phenylene which is substituted by one or two F and/or Cl atoms and/or CH.sub.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel process for making novel (4-phenyl-1,3,-dioxan-cis-5-yl)alkenoic acids of the formula I in which Ra and Rb are independently hydrogen, alkenyl, alkyl, halogenoalkyl, pentafluorophenyl, aryl or aryl-(1-4C)alkyl; or Ra and Rb together are polymethylene; Rc is hydroxy or (1-6C)alkanesulphonamido, A is vinylene, n is 1, Y is polymethylene, and benzene ring B bears various optional substituents. The process involves the reaction of an aldehyde of formula II with an ylid to give an erythro-diol of formula III which is then cyclized to the required dioxane derivative of formula I. The invention also provides a novel process for making the aldehydes of formula II from the corresponding lactols of formula IIa, which are themselves obtained with the correct trans-stereochemistry by two selective reductions of a trans-phenylparaconic acid of formula V. The compounds of formula I are useful as therapeutic agents.

Abstract: Liquid crystalline mixtures containing compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein n stands for the number 0 or 1; X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 denote single covalent bonds or one of the symbols X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 also denotes --COO--, --OOC-- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --; the rings A.sup.1, A.sup.2 and A.sup.3 represent 1,4-phenylene, 2-fluoro-1,4-phenylene or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene or one of these rings also represents a 2,5-disubstituted pyrimidine ring or a trans-2,5-disubstituted m-dioxane ring; R.sup.1 signifies 4-alkenyl or on a cyclohexyl ring also 2Z-alkenyl; and R.sup.2 denotes alkyl, alkoxy, --CN or --NCS,as well as the manufacture of these compounds and the use for electro-optical purposes are described.

Abstract: The oxime ethers of the formula I below are able to act as antidotes or safeners to protect cultivated plants from the phytotoxic effects of herbicides. Such cultivated plants are preferably sorghum, cereals, maize and rice, and herbicides are principally chloroacetanilides and thiocarbamates. The oxime ethers have the formula I ##STR1## wherein n is 1 or 2, each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl each of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkylsulfonyl or nitro; each of R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently of the other is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.4 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --Z.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each H, an alkyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl group with in each case 1-10 C atoms, F, Cl, Br, CN or R.sup.3 --A.sup.3 --Z.sup.2 --,A.sup.1 is --A--, --A.sup.4 --A--or --A--A.sup.4 --,A is a 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl or a 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl group,A.sup.2, A.sup.3 are each a 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl,and A.sup.4 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl, piperidine-1,4-diyl or 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)octylene group, or a 1,4-phenylene, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl or pyridazine-3,6-diyl group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two F and/or Cl atoms and/or CH.sub.3 groups and/or CN groups,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O or a single bond andR.sup.3 is H, an alkyl, alkoxy, alkanoyl, alkanoyloxy or alkoxycarbonyl group with in each case 1-10 C atoms, F, Cl, Br or CN, with the proviso that(a) at least one group A.sup.2, A.sup.

Abstract: There is presented optically uniform .beta.-lactams of the formulae ##STR1## wherein Z is a readily cleavable acyl group, R.sup.1 is amino or a group convertible into amino, R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a readily cleavable protecting group and R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each are a lower hydrocarbon group which optionally contains oxygen and which is attached via a carbon atom, whereby these groups can also be joined with one another to form a ring, with the proviso that R.sup.1 is a readily cleavable acylamino when R.sup.2 is hydrogen,and the corresponding optical antipodes, their manufacture and use in the manufacture of antimicrobially-active .beta.-lactams as well as novel intermediates usable in their manufacture.

Abstract: New compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## wherein the symbols X stand for carbon atom bonded with two hydrogen atoms /--CH.sub.2 -- group/ and the symbols Z stand for oxygen atom or the symbols X stand for oxygen atom and the symbols Z stand for carbon atom bonded with two hydrogen atoms /--CH.sub.2 -- group/, m is an integer of 1 to 2, R represents an alkyl /H.sub.2n+1 C.sub.n / or an 4-alkylphenyl /H.sub.2n+1 C.sub.n --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 / or an alkylbiphenyl /H.sub.2n+1 C.sub.n --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 / or an alkylcyclohexylphenyl group /H.sub.2n+1 C.sub.n --C.sub.6 H.sub.10 --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 /, the term alkyl group signifies an alkyl chain containing 1 to 15 carbon atoms or it also signifies a branched-chain alkyl group C.sub.2 H.sub.5 --CH/CH.sub.3 /--/CH.sub.2 /.sub.k where k in an integer of 1 to 3, have utility as liquid crystals. A process for manufacture of compounds of the general formula I.

Abstract: Substituted aminoketals of the formula ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 to R.sup.4 are various organic radicals andR.sup.2 may also be hydrogen,are fungicidally active. Some of the compounds are new.

Abstract: Ethane derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --A.sup.2 --(A.sup.3).sub.n --R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 is H, an alkyl group with 1-12 C atoms, in which one or two non adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O atoms and/or CO groups and/or --O--CO-- groups and/or --CO--O groups, F, Cl, Br or R.sup.3 --A.sup.4 --Z.sup.1 --,R.sup.2 is --CN or --Z.sup.2 --A.sup.4 --CN,A.sup.1 is --A--, --A--A.sup.5 -- or --A.sup.5 --A--,A.sup.2 is an 1,4-phenylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted by one or two F and/or Cl atoms and/or CH.sub.3 groups and/or CN groups and in which one or two CH groups can also be replaced by N atoms,A is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, in which one or two non adjacent CH.sub.2 groups can also be replaced by O atoms, or is a 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl group or 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene group,A.sup.3, A.sub.4 are each a 1,4-cyclohexylene group, in which one or two non adjacent CH.sub.

Abstract: Cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives of the formula ##STR1## where A is tetrahydropyran-4-yl, 3-methyltetrahydropyran-4-yl, 1,4-dioxanyl, 5,5-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-2-yl, 2,5-dimethyl-1,4-dioxan-3-yl, 2,6-dimethyl-1,4-dioxan-3-yl, 2-methyl-1,3-dithiolan-2-yl, 2,6-dimethyltetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl, 2-methyl-1,3-dithian-2-yl or unsubstituted or substituted 1,3-dioxepan-5-yl, R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methoxycarbonyl, R.sup.2 is alkyl and R.sup.3 is alkyl, alkenyl, haloalkenyl or propargyl, are used for controlling undesirable plant growth of grass species, especially in broadleaved crops and monocotyledon crops which do not belong to the grass family.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of cyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of --CN, --COOH and --COOR.sub.1, R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbon homocycle of 3 to 6 carbon atoms comprising reacting at low temperatures in a solvent in the presence of a strong base a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein Z has the above definitions and R is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or together form a polymethylene of 2 to 3 carbon atoms with a sulfone of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 have the above definitions and Y is an aromatic group followed by aqueous treatment to obtain a compound of the formula ##STR4## wherein Y, R, R.sub.2, R.sub.

Abstract: There are disclosed certain aminoether compounds which are useful as intermediates in the preparation of photographic image dye providing materials. The aminoethers are represented either by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is hydrogen or an alcohol protecting group and R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl or aralkyl such as benzyl or phenethyl; or the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are alkyl having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together represent the carbon atoms necessary to form, together with the oxygen atoms to which they are bonded and >CH, a five or six member saturated heterocyclic moiety which may include substituted rings and fused rings.