Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to methods for the manufacture of a protein-bound cannabinoid, comprising: obtaining a cannabinoid or cannabis in a form selected from the group consisting of cannabis smoke, cannabis vapor, cannabinoid solution and cannabis extract, and combining the cannabis smoke, vapor, cannabinoid solution or cannabis extract with an aqueous solution or suspension comprising a plasma protein to form a protein-bound cannabinoid. Further embodiments relate to aqueous solutions comprising a plasma protein-bound cannabinoid and pharmaceutical compositions comprising cannabinoids bound to plasma protein.

Abstract: A cannabidiol extraction and conversion process includes an extraction process including a sizing unit wherein raw Cannabis plant material is reduced to a uniform size, a blending unit wherein a first extraction solvent is blended together with the Cannabis plant material to form an initial extract including crude CBD oil, and a liquid-liquid extractor unit wherein a second solvent is added to the initial extract, and a processed extract rich in cannabidiol is obtained. A conversion process includes a conversion rotary reflux unit wherein the at least partially processed and refined extract is titrated with an acidic component.

Abstract: This invention is for improving the manufacturing pharmaceutical grade CBD and other cannabinoids following current Good Manufacturing Practices (cGMP) of the US FDA for use in clinical trials for CNS and other indications by the NIH and other researchers. The major cannabinoids in marijuana (Cannabis) and hemp originate from Cannabigerolic Acid (CBGA) present in the biomass of the plant. Plant enzymes that are specific to different strains of biomass converts CBGA to different carboxylic acids of cannabinoids including Cannabidiolic Acid (CBDA) and ?9-Tetrahydrocannabinolic Acid (?9-THCA). These are relatively stable in the growing and fresh-cut plants. These are converted by thermal decarboxylation to Cannabidiol (CBD) and ?9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (?9-THC), carbon dioxide and water. Cannabinoids can be manufactured by first heating the Cannabis biomass to convert carboxylic acids prior to extraction and purification.

Abstract: Provided are methods of preparing cannabinoids and cannabinoid derivatives and compositions containing the cannabinoids and derivatives.

Abstract: A terpene extraction system and method of extracting terpenes from plant biomass are described. The plant biomass is derived from a Cannabis source plant, as one example source plant. A reactor assembly and one or more cold traps can be a part of the system, and can be involved in the method. The reactor assembly has a housing that receives the plant biomass, and has an agitator that moves the plant biomass in the housing, per an example. The cold trap(s) is situated downstream of the reactor assembly. A heater and a vacuum pump can also be part of the terpene extraction system, and can be involved in the method.

Abstract: The invention provides a plurality of methods which may be employed as a single method or a plurality of sequential method steps in the isolation and purification of Cannabidiol from Hemp plants. It also provides methods for having a terpene-rich fraction as a byproduct of the method. Depending upon the ultimate objective, the individual method components may be used separately or combined with one or more method steps to accomplish the objectives.

Abstract: The present invention is generally directed to substantially pure cannabidiol, stable cannabinoid pharmaceutical formulations, and methods of their use.

Abstract: Some variations provide a process of converting a cannabinoid into a purified cannabinoid derivative, comprising: providing a starting composition comprising a cannabinoid; providing a C9-C11 non-aromatic hydrocarbon solvent; introducing the starting composition and the solvent to a conversion reactor; chemically converting some, but not all, of the cannabinoid to a cannabinoid derivative, generating a reaction mixture containing unreacted cannabinoid; conveying the reaction mixture to a crystallization unit; cooling the reaction mixture to precipitate unreacted cannabinoid out of the reaction mixture, thereby generating a mother liquor containing the cannabinoid derivative; and isolating and recovering the cannabinoid derivative from the mother liquor. Systems configured to carry out the disclosed processes are also provided. This invention offers a large-scale solution to economically convert CBD to D9-THC, among many other example.

Abstract: In alternative embodiments, provided are processes for obtaining or purifying a substantially pure ?8tetrahydrocannabinol (?8THC) and/or ?9tetrahydrocannabinol (?9THC) and optionally a plurality of cannabinoids or terpenes from a natural or a synthetic source, wherein the natural or the synthetic source comprises a cannabidiol (CBD) and optionally a plurality of cannabinoids or terpenes. Also provided are processes comprising the continuous isolation and purification of cannabinoids or terpenes, and further isomerization of the purified cannabidiol to ?8tetrahydrocannabinol (?8THC) and ?9tetrahydrocannabinol (?9THC). In alternative embodiments, provided are processes for converting ?8-THC into ?9-THC. In alternative embodiments, provided are processes for the industrial scale continuous isolation and purification of cannabinoids and further isomerization of the purified cannabidiol to ?9-THC.

Abstract: This disclosure provides a method for converting CBD to a tetrahydrocannabinol featuring the use of cheap and non-toxic aluminum isopropoxide as a catalyst. The method comprises (a) providing a reaction mixture comprising a catalyst in an organic solvent, wherein the catalyst comprises aluminum isopropoxide; (b) adding a reagent comprising CBD to the reaction mixture; (c) mixing the reaction mixture and allowing a reaction for converting CBD to a tetrahydrocannabinol to occur for a predetermine period of time; (d) removing the catalyst by filtration upon the completion of the reaction; (e) removing the organic solvent; and (f) eluting the tetrahydrocannabinol from the organic phase.

Abstract: Provided are: a method of preparing a cannabis processed product having an increased CBN content in an efficient and economic manner, through cyclization of CBD and aromatization of THC by continuous microwave irradiation of a cannabis extract; and use of a processed product having an increased CBN content prepared by the method, a fraction thereof, and a single ingredient of CBN, in foods, drugs, and cosmetics.

Abstract: The present invention belongs to the field of medicine, and relates to use of cannabidiol (CBD) in the treatment of pulmonary arterial hypertension. The CBD can be used as the only active ingredient or combined with other active ingredients to prepare a medicament for treating pulmonary arterial hypertension. Specifically, the present invention relates to use of any one selected from (1) to (3) in the preparation of a medicament for treating and/or preventing pulmonary arterial hypertension: (1) CBD, (2) a plant extract containing the CBD; and preferably, the plant extract is a cannabis extract, and (3) a pharmaceutical composition containing the CBD and one or more pharmaceutically acceptable adjuvants. In the present invention, upon experimental researches, it has found that the CBD has the function of inhibiting pulmonary arterial hypertension, and is especially suitable for treating the pulmonary arterial hypertension caused by hypoxemia.

Abstract: Provided are a method of preparing a cannabis processed product having an increased ?9-THC content in an efficient and economic manner, through a cyclization reaction by microwave irradiation of cannabis using various extraction solvents, and use of the processed product having an increased ?9-THC content prepared by the method, a fraction thereof, and a single ingredient of THC, in foods, drugs, and cosmetics.

Abstract: The present invention provides a dynamic interface system between an extraction device and a chromatographic purification device for separating and purifying substance(s) from a mixture or matrix. One embodiment is the Supercritical Fluid Interface (“SFI”) between Supercritical Fluid Extraction (“SFE”), and Supercritical Fluid Chromatography (“SFC”). The SFI is capable of interfacing; gas, subcritical and supercritical fluid extraction methods and pair with gas, subcritical and supercritical fluid chromatography technologies that operate within the pressure and temperature parameters of the SFI. The SFI can operate up to 200 degrees celsius and 5000 psi.

Abstract: A method for extracting and isolating terpenes and aromatic compounds from Cannabis plant material by the steps of grinding the cannabis plant material to obtain a ground cannabis, performing a CO2 supercritical extraction upon a first portion of the ground cannabis, wherein said supercritical extraction is performed at temperature below freezing, between ?30 to 0 centigrade, for a period of 3 to 5 hours, at between 1000-1300 psi, performing a steam distillation upon a second portion of the ground cannabis, performing a butane extraction upon a third portion of the ground cannabis, wherein the butane extraction is performed at a temperature between ?30 to 0 centigrade, performing an alcohol extraction upon a fourth portion of the ground cannabis, wherein the alcohol extraction is performed at a temperature between ?30 to 0 centigrade, performing a maceration upon a fifth portion of the ground cannabis, wherein the maceration is performed with coconut oil at a temperature of between 40-70 centigrade, combining

Abstract: The present invention relates to a highly economic process for the purification of a cannabinoid acid, more specifically THCA or CBDA, from either a crude cannabis plant material or a cell culture of said cannabis plant, using ion exchange resins. The purified cannabinoid acid obtained may then be decarboxylated to yield the corresponding cannabinoid, i.e., THC or CBD, respectively.

Abstract: A method of making CBD concentrate or CBD Isolate comprises (a) milling a raw material; (b) contacting the milled raw material with an extraction solvent and separating a solid waste material to form a filtered extract; (c) concentrating the filtered extract; (d) washing the concentrated extract to form an organic phase and an aqueous phase; (e) separating the aqueous phase from the organic phase to form a washed extract; (f) removing an organic solvent from the washed extract to form a concentrated washed extract; (g) decarboxylating the concentrated washed extract; (h) vacuum distilling the decarboxylated extract to form a distillate; (i) dewaxing the distillate to form a post-dewax filtrate; (j) applying a vacuum to the post-dewax filtrate to form a post-dewax concentrate; (k) degassing the post-dewax concentrate; and (l) vacuum distilling the degassed concentrate to form a CBD concentrate.

Abstract: A system for removing undesirable organic compounds so that the desirable cannabinoids, terpenes, and any other beneficial organic compounds can be easily and effectively captured is provided herein. The system makes use of diatomaceous earth filters through which a solution containing the organic compounds is rinsed with liquid non-polar solvent. The undesirable components remain in the diatomaceous while the beneficial organic compounds pass through and are collected in a liquid solution.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for preparing cannabigerol (CBG) or a CBG analog, embodiments of the method comprising providing a compound (I); combining the compound (I) with geraniol and a solvent to form a reaction mixture; and combining the reaction mixture with an acid catalyst to form a product mixture comprising the CBG or the CBG homolog. The method may further comprise separating the CBG or the CBG analog from the product mixture and may further comprise purifying the CBG or CBG analog. Methods for preparing cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) or a cannabigerolic acid analog are also disclosed. The present disclosure also provides highly purity CBG, CBGA, and analogs thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods for preparing cannabigerol (CBG) or a CBG analog, embodiments of the method comprising providing a compound (I); combining the compound (I) with geraniol and a solvent to form a reaction mixture; and combining the reaction mixture with an acid catalyst to form a product mixture comprising the CBG or the CBG homolog. The method may further comprise separating the CBG or the CBG analog from the product mixture and may further comprise purifying the CBG or CBG analog. Methods for preparing cannabigerolic acid (CBGA) or a cannabigerolic acid analog are also disclosed. The present disclosure also provides highly purity CBG, CBGA, and analogs thereof.

Abstract: Spent cannabis biomass is heated in stages, the first to remove water and volatile components, and the second to reclaim leftover cannabinoids. During a third, higher temperature stage, the biomass is subjected to a CO2 and/or water vapor treatment in order to obtain activated carbon with a desired porosity level.

Abstract: The present invention describes a process to isomerize industrial hemp derived Cannabidiol (CBD) to a pure ?8-tetrahydrocannabinol (?8-THC) extract. This procedure will produce ?8-tetrahydrocannabinol that is essentially free from any detectable levels of ?9-tetrahydrocannabinol (?9-THC). Included in this filing are methods and processes to scale the reaction from the lab to process to large scale manufacturing. Additionally, the resulting extract from said methods and processes consists of higher purity than previously reported in the art and greater efficiency compared to prior art.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are embodiments of a method for making cannabidiol. Also disclosed herein are embodiments of a composition comprising cannabidiol and one or more GRAS components. The method and composition embodiments described herein address the drawbacks associated with conventional methods for making and/or isolating cannabidiol.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for converting CBD to a product mixture comprising ?8-THC, ?9-THC, or a combination thereof. The methods provided herein may comprise one or more of (1) a contacting step wherein a starting material comprising CBD, a carboxylic acid catalyst, and optionally a solvent are added to a reaction vessel, thereby forming a reaction mixture; (2) a conversion step wherein at least a portion of the CBD is converted to THC, thereby forming a product mixture; and (3) optionally, a separation step wherein at least a portion of the carboxylic acid catalyst is removed from the product mixture. In preferred embodiments, the methods utilize a carboxylic acid that is commonly used as a food additive and is generally recognized as safe for human consumption. The methods provided herein do not require the use of catalysts or other reagents that are hazardous to human health.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to the use of cannabidiol (CBD) for the reduction of total convulsive seizure frequency in the treatment of “treatment-resistant epilepsy” (TRE). In particular, the disclosure relates to the use of CBD of treating TRE when the TRE is Dravet syndrome; myoclonic absence seizures or febrile infection related epilepsy syndrome (FIRES). The disclosure further relates to the use of CBD in combination with one or more anti-epileptic drugs (AEDs).

Abstract: A system and method for removing undesirable organic compounds so that the desirable cannabinoids, terpenes, and any other beneficial organic compounds can be easily and effectively captured is provided herein. The system and method makes use of bentonite clay, silica gel and magnesium silicate filters through which a solution containing the organic compounds is rinsed with liquid non-polar solvent. The undesirable components remain in the bentonite clay, silica gel and magnesium silicate while the beneficial organic compounds pass through and are collected in a liquid solution.

Abstract: A process for producing THC-O-acetate using a succession of distillation, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extractions (SALLEs), and solvent recovery techniques. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis oil reacts with acetic anhydride under reflux to produce THC-O-acetate and acetic acid. The resulting crude product is distilled and subjected to a SALLE with hexane followed by a SALLE with petroleum ether, before being distilled again in order to obtain a refined, THC-O-acetate product.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to methods of producing THC from CBD utilizing non-harsh methodology and resulting in substantially increased yields, as well as devices built upon these novel methods. The methods and devices are material efficient, and in certain embodiments, solvent-free. In particular, in certain embodiments, these methods and related devices are suitable for commercial production of THC from CBD. Furthermore, in certain embodiments, the present invention provides methods of producing THC from CBD in manner that affords tunability to select the ratio of THC-8 to THC-9.

Abstract: The invention provides a method and apparatus for continuous extraction of plant oils from plant tissue using an advantageous azeotrope of ethanol and water and employing the differing solubility of plant oils in ethanol and water to drive formation of a non-toxic oil tincture.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to scalable processes for extracting, refining and remediating extracts of natural products, such as plant material and for providing well controlled refined extract.

Abstract: Provided is a method for preparing synthetic cannabidiol, including hydrolysis-decarboxylation of a compound represented by formula (II) in a solvent-free state under atmospheric pressure. The method further includes preparation of the compound represented by formula (II). The method provides a safe, economical, environmentally friendly and scalable method for synthetic preparation of cannabidiol.

Abstract: A system and method for removing undesirable organic compounds so that the desirable cannabinoids, terpenes, and any other beneficial organic compounds can be easily and effectively captured is provided herein. The system and method makes use of diatomaceous earth filters through which a solution containing the organic compounds is rinsed with liquid non-polar solvent. The undesirable components remain in the diatomaceous while the beneficial organic compounds pass through and are collected in a liquid solution.

Abstract: A method for producing hemp oil, comprising decarboxylation of CBDA in hemp oil; short-path evaporation of CBD from the decarboxylated hemp oil to produce CBD oil; selective THC to CBN conversion performed on the decarboxylated hemp oil.

Abstract: A process for producing THC-O-acetate using a succession of distillation, salting-out assisted liquid-liquid extractions (SALLEs), and solvent recovery techniques. Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in cannabis oil reacts with acetic anhydride under reflux to produce THC-O-acetate and acetic acid. The resulting crude product is distilled and subjected to a SALLE with hexane followed by a SALLE with petroleum ether, before being distilled again in order to obtain a refined, THC-O-acetate product.

Abstract: The disclosure provides embodiments processing and extracting compounds from cannabis. In one embodiment, the method includes providing a composition comprising the cannabis; inserting the composition into a treatment zone; applying a pulsed electric field to the composition within the treatment zone, wherein a portion of the cell membranes of the cannabis are lysed by electroporation to provide a product comprising a lysate; and separating at least a portion of a compound within the lysate from a remainder of the product.

Abstract: A supercritical fluid extraction (SFE) apparatus is provided that is capable of being operated in a continuous and/or steady-state fashion. The SFE apparatus may include an extraction assembly. The extraction assembly may include a first extraction chamber (FEC) to contain a first amount of source material from which a compound is to be extracted, and a second extraction chamber (SEC) to contain a second amount of the source material. The extraction assembly may include a valve to control a flow of a solvent into the FEC or the SEC. The SFE apparatus may include a collection chamber that is mounted substantially perpendicular to the extraction assembly. Other embodiments are described.

Abstract: A process to decarboxylate THCA in cannabis material while minimizing the thermal decomposition of THC and the loss of volatile components such as terpenoids consists of four steps. Prepared cannabis material is first heated to about 105° C. for 20 min. to complete the dehydration of the material. The processing temperature is then increased to about 110° C. for about 30 min. to start the decarboxylation process. Thereafter, the temperature is increased to about 115° C. for about 35 min. Finally, the temperature is increased by about 2.5° C. (but not exceeding 118° C.) for about an additional 15 min. to complete the decarboxylation.

Abstract: A method for preparing high-purity cannabidiol is characterized in that: the leaves of cannabis and top portions of the plant which account for about one-fifth of the whole plant are used as extraction sites; a technology of combined macroporous adsorption resin chromatography and polyamide chromatography is used for purification; and a mixed solvent system is used for crystallization purification so as to ensure that the yield is improved to the maximum extent under the premise of obtaining a high-purity product. The product obtained from this method contains high-purity CBD; the method has a high yield and is a simple process, and thus easy to industrialize.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods for purifying one or two cannabinoid compounds using simulated moving bed chromatography, wherein the cannabinoid compound(s) is/are obtained in the extract and/or the raffinate with the total amount of isomeric impurities being below detection level. In particular, the present invention relates to methods for the purification of cannabidiol, trans-(?)-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol, cannabidivarin, trans-(?)-delta-9-tetrahydrocannabivarin and cannabigerol which have been obtained by enantiopure synthesis.

Abstract: A method for purifying crystals in a glass or metal container. A hydrocarbon is introduced into feed material containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The feed material and hydrocarbon is placed in a glass or metal container. The hydrocarbon is then removed within a few minutes after introduction, leaving at least some hydrocarbon in the feed material. Pressure is allowed to build within the container in an oven or in a jacketed vessel for 2-3 weeks. During this time, THC acid crystals precipitate out and fall to the bottom of the container. The contents of the container are poured into a Buchner funnel and a vacuum is applied thereto in order to pull terpenes into a beaker. The terpenes are placed into an oven in order to purge off any remaining solvent. The funnel is then scraped to acquire THC acid crystals.

Abstract: A system, machines and methods for extracting select moieties, flavonoids, and essential oils from plant material without co-extracting chlorophyll lipids and other undesirable constituents from plants. Super-cooled extraction techniques are taught. Likewise, according to embodiments methods provides 100% grain ethyl alcohol extract with a concentration of chlorophyll that is below 1%.

Abstract: Raw plant material is mixed with ethanol under pressure to extract essential elements. The resulting crude oil and ethanol with the dissolved essential elements is separated from the raw plant material and filtered to remove particulates, waxes, lipids, fats and dissolved impurities. The ethanol is then evaporated from the resulting mixture of crude oil and ethanol, and the remaining crude oil then undergoes decarboxylation and distillation to obtain the essential elements. The ethanol may be chilled before adding it to the raw plant material.

Abstract: A method for the extraction and isolation of the terpene and isoprenoid compounds from plant material, followed by a centrifugal force induced selective crystallization of isoprenoids resulting in a separation of terpene and isoprenoid fractions. This this method is suitable for the extraction of cannabinoids from Cannabis and the enrichment tetrahydrocannabinolic acid and reduction of tetrahydrocannabinol in an extract. The purity of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid resulting from centrifugal crystallization is such that dissolution and selective recrystallization of tetrahydrocannabinolic acid is possible resulting in >99.9% pure tetrahydrocannabinolic acid, w/w.

Abstract: A method for extraction of desirable compounds from cannabis provides for high-cannabinoid full spectrum (HCFSE) extractions, using CO2 at low temperature to extract the compounds in an extraction vessel. The CO2 with extracted compounds is transferred to a heated vessel which converts the CO2 to a gas, allowing the desired compounds to drop out and be removed.

Abstract: A method for purifying crystals in a glass or metal container. A hydrocarbon is introduced into feed material containing tetrahydrocannabinol (THC). The feed material and hydrocarbon is placed in a glass or metal container. The hydrocarbon is then removed within a few minutes after introduction, leaving at least some hydrocarbon in the feed material. Pressure is allowed to build within the container in an oven or in a jacketed vessel for 2-3 weeks. During this time, THC acid crystals precipitate out and fall to the bottom of the container. The contents of the container are poured into a Buchner funnel and a vacuum is applied thereto in order to pull terpenes into a beaker. The terpenes are placed into an oven in order to purge off any remaining solvent. The funnel is then scraped to acquire THC acid crystals.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the use of a therapeutically-effective amount of Olivetol to reduce, eliminate, inhibit or alleviate the psychoactive effects of THC in users of Cannabis. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to a softgel, tablet or capsule of Olivetol in combination with an edible oil.

Abstract: The invention relates to pharmaceutical formulations for use in the administration of lipophilic medicaments via mucosal surfaces. In particular the invention provides pharmaceutical formulations for use in administration of a lipophilic medicament via a mucosal surface which upon hydration form an emulsion containing the lipophilic medicament which is capable of adhering to a mucosal surface and allowing controlled release of the medicament. The invention further provides pharmaceutical formulations which contain, as active ingredients, specific combinations of cannabinoids in pre-defined ratios.

Abstract: Described herein are ?9-THC prodrugs, methods of making ?9-THC prodrugs, formulations comprising ?9-THC prodrugs and methods of using ?9-THC. One embodiment described herein relates to the transdermal administration of a ?9-THC prodrug for treating and preventing diseases and/or disorders.

Abstract: Embodiments of the present invention relate to the use of a therapeutically-effective amount of Olivetol to reduce, eliminate, inhibit or alleviate the psychoactive effects of THC in users of Cannabis. Further embodiments of the present invention relate to a softgel, tablet or capsule of Olivetol in combination with an edible oil.

Abstract: A method for extraction of desirable compounds from cannabis provides for high-cannabinoid full spectrum (HCFSE) extractions, using CO2 at low temperature to extract the compounds in an extraction vessel. The CO2 with extracted compounds is transferred to a heated vessel which converts the CO2 to a gas, allowing the desired compounds to drop out and be removed.