Abstract: Compounds are provided according to Formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof; wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, and R6 are as defined herein. Compounds of the present invention are contemplated useful for the prevention and treatment of a variety of conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of perfumery. More particularly, it concerns compounds comprising at least one ?-thio carbonyl or nitrile moiety capable of liberating an active molecule selected from an ?,?-unsaturated ketone, aldehyde or nitrile. The present invention concerns also the use of said compounds in perfumery as well as the perfuming compositions or perfumed articles comprising the invention's compounds. (I) wherein: a) m represents an integer from 1 to 6; b) Pro represents a hydrogen atom or a group susceptible of generating an odoriferous ?,?-unsaturated ketone, aldehyde or nitrile and is represented by the formulae (II) or (II?) in which the wavy line indicates the location of the bond between said Pro and the sulfur atom S; and at least one of the Pro groups is of the formula (II) or (II?).

Abstract: Compounds are provided according to Formula (I): and pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and pharmaceutical compositions thereof; wherein R2, R3, R4, R5, and and R6 are as defined herein. Compounds of the present invention are contemplated useful for the prevention and treatment of a variety of conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a liquid crystal composition, which is a liquid crystal composition containing a compound represented by General Formula (II-1) as an anti-oxidizing agent for a liquid crystal composition containing the compound represented by General Formula (II-1) and also as a first component, and a compound represented by General Formula (K) as a second component. The compound represented by General Formula (II-1) enables obtainment of a working effect of the anti-oxidizing agent, and therefore it allows provision of a liquid crystal composition containing the anti-oxidizing agent which has improved reliability like low temperature stability, while the high dielectric anisotropy is maintained.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for transformation of lignocellulosic biomass or cellulose using in a simultaneous manner an original combination of at least two homogeneous catalysts and one or more heterogeneous catalyst(s). The use of these catalysts makes it possible to obtain mono-oxidized or poly-oxidized upgradable products directly and to limit the formation of non-upgradable products. Non-upgradable products are defined as soluble and non-soluble humins, i.e., products of high molecular weight obtained from undesirable condensation reactions of sugars and their derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention provides catalysts, methods, and reactor systems for converting oxygenated hydrocarbons to oxygenated compounds. The invention includes methods for producing cyclic ethers, monooxygenates, dioxygenates, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and alcohols from oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as carbohydrates, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, and the like, using catalysts containing palladium, molybdenum, tin, and tungsten. The oxygenated compounds produced are useful in the production of liquid fuels, chemicals, and other products.

Abstract: The invention disclosed in this document is related to the field of pesticides and their use in controlling pests. A compound having the following structure is disclosed.

Abstract: There is provided a compound having a good miscibility with another liquid crystal compound and having a combination of a low viscosity (?), high storage stability, and high T?i even after being used to produce a liquid crystal composition. In particular, it is a compound having a 2-fluorophenyloxymethane structure is provided. Since the compound having a 2-fluorophenyloxymethane structure is highly miscible with another liquid crystal compound, using the compound having a 2-fluorophenyloxymethane structure as a component of a liquid crystal composition enables a production of a liquid crystal composition which exhibits a liquid crystal phase at low viscosity and in a wide temperature range and which has a high storage stability and enables production of a liquid crystal display device which responds fast and which has excellent display characteristics.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing 1,2-cyclohexanediol, and mixtures of 1,2-cyclohexanediol and 1,6-hexanediol, by hydrogenating 1,2,6-hexanetriol.

Abstract: The invention relates to liquid-crystalline compounds of the formula (I) having a —CF20- bridge. The invention also relates to liquid-crystalline media prepared therewith and to liquid-crystal display devices (LC displays) containing these media. This kind of compounds has the excellent characteristics including a large dielectric anisotropy, fast response time and high clearing point, and good miscibility at low temperature in the same time which has important significance in new TFT LC mixture.

Abstract: An object is to provide a liquid crystal compound satisfying at least one of physical properties such as a high stability to heat and light, a high clearing point, a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. A solution is a compound represented by formula (1). In formula 1, R1 is alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons, for example; ring A1 and ring A2 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z1 and Z2 are independently a single bond or —CF2O—; L1 and L2 are halogen; and a is 1 or 2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound of formula 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, where R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R7?, R8, R9, R10, R11, R12 and R13 are as disclosed herein. Also, disclosed is a process for the preparation of the compound of formula 1, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, and intermediates used therein. The compound of formula 1 can be used in the preparation of halichondrin analogs, such as Eribulin; and a process for its preparation from the compound of formula 1 is also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention provides novel compounds of Formulas (I)-(IV), as described herein. Also provided are compositions of these compounds, method of making the compounds, and methods of using the compounds. The compounds can be used to regulate cholesterol homeostasis and to treat conditions and diseases associated with cholesterol homeostasis, including lysosomal lipid storage disorders such as Niemann-Pick Disease type C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liquid crystal compound. The compound has a general structural formula as shown by formula I. Such a compound has good thermal and UV stability, large positive dielectric anisotropy ??, and can achieve a low threshold voltage when used in optics, thereby having great significance to the fast response of display devices, and therefore being very suitable for formulating a liquid crystal mixture. A liquid crystal mixture containing such a liquid crystal unit can be applied to various display devices, and is especially suitable for TN-TFT and STN display devices, but can also be used in IPS (in-plane switching) and VA (vertically aligned) display devices.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula (I): wherein: X is methyl or chlorine; R1 is methyl or chlorine; R2 is hydrogen, methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, cyclopropyl, vinyl, ethynyl, fluorine, chlorine, bromine, methoxy, ethoxy or fluoromethoxy; and G, R3, R4, R5 and R6 are as defined herein; wherein the compound of formula (I) is optionally present as an agrochemically acceptable salt thereof. These compounds are suitable for use as herbicides. The invention therefore also relates to a method of controlling weeds, especially grassy monocotyledonous weeds, in crops of useful plants, comprising applying a compound of formula (I), or a herbicidal composition comprising such a compound, to the plants or to the locus thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to liquid crystal compound of formula I containing a difluoromethyleneoxy linking group that hydrogen substituted by deuterium and therefore being very suitable for formulating a liquid crystal mixture. A liquid crystal mixture containing such type of liquid crystal compounds can be applied in various display devices.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for preparing an ?,?-Cn-diol, wherein n is 5 or greater, from a feedstock comprising a Cn oxygenate. In one embodiment, the process comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising Cu, a Cu oxide, or mixtures thereof; a heteropoly acid component comprising H3[P(W3O10)4], H4[Si(W3O10)4], H4[P(Mo3O10)4], H4[Si(Mo3O10)4], Cs2.5H0.5[P(W3O10)4], Cs2.5H0.5[Si(W3O10)4], or mixtures thereof; optionally a second metal component comprising Cr, a Cr oxide, Ni, a Ni oxide, Mn, a Mn oxide, Fe, an Fe oxide, Co, a Co oxide, Mo, a Mo oxide, W, a W oxide, Re, a Re oxide, Zn, or a Zn oxide, Ag, a Ag oxide, SiO2, or Al2O3; optionally at least one promoter comprising Na, K, Mg, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ce, or mixtures thereof; and optionally a support.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are processes for preparing an ?,?-Cn-diol, wherein n is 5 or greater, from a feedstock comprising a Cn oxygenate. In one embodiment, the process comprises contacting the feedstock with hydrogen gas in the presence of a catalyst comprising a first metal component comprising Ni, Ir, Pt, Rh, Ru, Pd, Fe, Ag, or Au; a heteropoly acid component comprising H3[P(W3O10)4], H4[Si(W3O10)4], H4[P(Mo3O10)4], H4[Si(Mo3O10)4], Cs2.5H0.5[P(W3O10)4]Cs2.5H0.5[Si(W3O10)4], or mixtures thereof; optionally a second metal component comprising Cr, a Cr oxide, Ni, a Ni oxide, Fe, a Fe oxide, Co, a Co oxide, Mn, a Mn oxide, Mo, a Mo oxide, W, a W oxide, Re, a Re oxide, Zn, a Zn oxide, SiO2, or Al2O3; optionally at least one promoter comprising Na, K, Mg, Rb, Cs, Ca, Sr, Ba, Ce, or mixtures thereof; and optionally a support.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound having a 2-fluorophenyloxymethane structure and useful for organic electronic materials and medical and agricultural chemicals, particularly materials for liquid crystal display elements. A problem to be solved by the invention is to provide a compound having relatively large ??, relatively high T?i, low viscosity (?), and high miscibility with other liquid crystal compounds, and also provide a liquid crystal composition containing the compound as a constituent component. The present invention provides a compound having a 2-fluorophenyloxymethane structure and also provides a liquid crystal composition containing the compound and a liquid crystal display device using the liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: An objective of the present invention is to provide a novel NDM (New Delhi metallo-?-lactamase) inhibitor that functions as a drug for restoring the antibacterial activity of ?-lactam antibiotics that have been inactivated as a result of decomposition by NDM.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound having high stability to heat, light and so forth, a high clearing point, a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. The compound is represented by formula (1-1): wherein, for example, R1 is hydrogen, halogen or alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons; ring A1, ring A2, ring A3, ring A4 and ring A5 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z1, Z2, Z3 and Z4 are independently a single bond, —(CH2)2—, —CH?CH— or —CF?CF—: and a, b, c and d are independently 0 or 1, and a sum of a, b, c and d is one or more.

Abstract: Cyclohexanedione compounds, which are suitable for use as herbicides.

Abstract: A liquid crystal composition and an AM liquid crystal display device are described. The liquid crystal composition contains a specific compound having a small viscosity as a first component, may further contain a specific compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy as a second component and a specific compound having a small viscosity as a third component, and has a negative dielectric anisotropy and a ratio of rotational viscosity to an elastic constant in the range of 4.2 GPa·s/N or lower. The liquid crystal display device includes the composition.

Abstract: Compounds of Formula (I), wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, are suitable for use as herbicides.

Abstract: The present invention provides catalysts, methods, and reactor systems for converting oxygenated hydrocarbons to oxygenated compounds. The invention includes methods for producing cyclic ethers, monooxygenates, dioxygenates, ketones, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, and alcohols from oxygenated hydrocarbons, such as carbohydrates, sugars, sugar alcohols, sugar degradation products, and the like, using catalysts containing palladium, molybdenum, tin, and tungsten. The oxygenated compounds produced are useful in the production of liquid fuels, chemicals, and other products.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium which comprises at least one compound of the formula I, in which R1, R1*, rings A and B, Z1, L1, L2, a and b have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, and to the use thereof for an active-matrix display, in particular based on the VA, PSA, PS-VA, PALC, FFS, PS-FFS, IPS or PS-IPS effect.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal composition satisfying at least one characteristic such as high maximum temperature of nematic phase, low minimum temperature thereof, small viscosity, suitable optical anisotropy, large negative dielectric anisotropy and specific resistance, high stability to ultraviolet light and heat; a liquid crystal composition having a suitable balance regarding at least two thereof; and an AM device including the composition.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound having a high stability to heat, light and so forth, a high clearing point, a low minimum temperature of a liquid crystal phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a large dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant and an excellent solubility in other liquid crystal compounds, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device including the composition. The compound is represented by formula (1): wherein, for example, R1 is fluorine or alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons; ring A1 and ring A2 are 1,4-phenylene, or 1,4-phenylene in which at least one of hydrogen is replaced by fluorine; Z1, Z2 and Z3 are a single bond; L1 and L2 are hydrogen or fluorine; X1 is fluorine or —CF3; and m is 1, and n is 0.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of general formula I, wherein the groups R1, R2, R3, m and n are defined as in claim 1, which have valuable pharmacological properties, in particular bind to the GPR40 receptor and modulate its activity. The compounds are suitable for treatment and prevention of diseases which can be influenced by this receptor, such as metabolic diseases, in particular diabetes type 2. Furthermore, the invention relates to novel intermediates, useful for the synthesis of compounds of formula I.

Abstract: The present invention relates to liquid-crystalline compounds containing an O-heterocyclic ring, three partially fluorinated benzene rings and a —CF2O— bridge between the rings. In addition, the invention relates to liquid-crystalline media prepared therewith and to liquid-crystal display devices (LC displays) containing these media.

Abstract: The invention relates to a liquid-crystalline medium comprising one or more compounds of the formula I in which R0, ring A and L1-4 have the meanings indicated in Claim 1, and to the use thereof in electro-optical liquid-crystal displays.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal compound having stability to heat, light and so forth, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant K33, a suitable and negative dielectric anisotropy, and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds. The invention provides a liquid crystal composition containing the compound described above and having stability to heat, light and so forth, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, a suitable and negative dielectric anisotropy, a suitable elastic constant K33, a low threshold voltage, a high maximum temperature of a nematic phase, and a low minimum temperature of the nematic phase. The invention also provides a liquid crystal display device having a short response time, a small power consumption, a low driving voltage, and a large contrast, and containing the composition described above which can be used in a large temperature range.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of making a methylene malonate monomer that includes the steps of reacting a malonic acid ester with a source of formaldehyde optionally in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst and optionally in the presence of an acidic or non-acidic solvent to form reaction complex. The reaction is optionally performed in the presence of or contacted with an energy transfer means such as a heat transfer agent, a heat transfer surface, a source of radiation or a laser such that reaction complex is substantially vaporized to produce a vapor phase comprising methylene malonate monomer which may be isolated. The present invention further provides methylene malonate monomers prepared by the method of the invention, as well as compositions and products formed from the methylene malonate monomers, including monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g.

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal compound having a large negative value of dielectric anisotropy (As). A compound is represented by formula (1): wherein, in formula (1), one of Y1 and Y2 is fluorine, and the other is CF2H or CF3; G is a ring represented by formula (pr-1) or formula (pr-2): wherein A1 to A3 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Ra and Rb are independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons, or the like; Z0, and Z1 to Z3 are independently a single bond, —(CH2)2—, —CH?CH—, —CF2O—, —OCF2—, —CH2O—, —OCH2—, —COO— or —OCO—; j, m and n are an integer from 0 to 2, and a sum of j, m and n is 0, 1 or 2, however, when m is 0, Y1 is CF2H or CF3, Y2 is fluorine, and Z0 is a single bond, G is a ring represented by formula (pr-1).

Abstract: To provide a liquid crystal compound having a large negative dielectric anisotropy (??), and having at least one of characteristics such as a high stability to heat, light and so forth, a high clearing point, a suitable refractive index anisotropy (?n) and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, and an intermediate thereof. A solution is a compound represented by formula (1): wherein, for example, R1 and R2 are alkyl having 1 to 12 carbons, alkoxy having 1 to 12 carbons or alkenyl having 2 to 12 carbons; ring A1, ring A2 and ring A3 are 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; Z1, Z2 and Z3 are a single bond or —(CH2)2—; X is —CF2— or —CHF—; and l, m and n are 0 or 1.

Abstract: There is provided a halogen-containing organosulfur compound having a controlling effect on arthropod pests represented by the formula (I): wherein m represents 0, 1 or 2; n represents 0, 1 or 2; A represents an optionally substituted 3- to 8-membered saturated heterocyclic group; Q represents a fluorine atom or a C1-C5 haloalkyl group having at least one fluorine atom; R1, R1a and R3 independently represent an optionally halogenated C1-C4 chain hydrocarbon group, etc.; R2, R2a and R4 independently represent an optionally halogenated C1-C4 chain hydrocarbon group, etc.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods, reagents, and intermediates useful for making azaindazole derivatives, which may be used to modulate Glucokinase. The disclosed methods and materials are generally useful for making halo-esters and sulfonyl-substituted compounds.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes comprising contacting an aqueous reaction mixture having an initial pH between about 3 and about 6 and comprising levoglucosenone with a catalyst, and heating the reaction mixture to form a product mixture comprising 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural. The processes may further comprise heating the product mixture comprising 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural in the presence of hydrogen and a hydrogenation catalyst to form a second product mixture comprising one or more of 2,5-furandimethanol, tetrahydrofuran 2,5-dimethanol, 1,2,6-hexanetriol, 2-hydroxymethyltetrahydropyran, and 1,6-hexanediol.

Abstract: Disclosed are processes for preparing 1,2-cyclohexanediol, and mixtures of 1,2-cyclohexanediol and 1,6-hexanediol, by hydrogenating 1,2,6-hexanetriol.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal compound that has a large negative dielectric anisotropy (??) and also has at least one of characteristics such as the stability to heat, light or the like, a high clearing point, a suitable refractive index anisotropy (?n), a large negative dielectric anisotropy (??) and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds. An excellent effect in which especially the value of the dielectric anisotropy (??) is increased negatively is achieved by use of the compound having two moieties of 1) a tetrahydropyran ring and and thus the effect is utilized.

Abstract: The use of a compound of formula I wherein the substituents are as defined in claim 1, or compositions containing them in controlling insects, acarines, nematodes or molluscs.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal compound having general physical properties necessary for the compound, namely stability to heat, light and so forth, a wide temperature range of a liquid crystal phase, a high clearing point, a good compatibility with other compounds, a large optical anisotropy and a large dielectric anisotropy; a compound represented by formula (1): wherein, for example, R1 is alkyl having 1 to 20 carbons; ring A1 and ring A4 each are 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, or 1,4-phenylene in which arbitrary hydrogen is replaced by halogen; Z1 and Z4 each are a single bond; L1, L2, L3 and L4 each are hydrogen or fluorine; and X1 is fluorine, chlorine, —CF3 or —OCF3.

Abstract: A liquid crystal compound is provided that has excellent characteristics, such as a negatively large dielectric anisotropy. A liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and a liquid crystal display device containing the composition are also provided. A compound having the three factors, i.e., (1) a tetrahydropyran ring, (2) terminal alkenyl chain and (3) exhibits excellent characteristics including a negatively large dielectric anisotropy (??). The use of the compound having the characteristics provides an excellent liquid crystal composition and an excellent liquid crystal display device.

Abstract: 4-(heterocycloalkyl)benzene-1,3-diol compounds are described corresponding to general formula (I) below: Also described, are compositions including the same, processes for preparation thereof and to the use thereof in pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions for use in the treatment or prevention of pigmentary disorders.

Abstract: A compound represented by formula (1-1) or (1-2) is provided. For example, R1 and R2 are independently hydrogen, alkyl having 1 to 10 carbons or alkoxy having 1 to 9 carbons; the ring A1, the ring A2, the ring A3, the ring A4, the ring A5 and the ring A6 are independently 1,4-cyclohexylene or 1,4-phenylene; a, b, c, d, e and f are independently 0 or 1, and the sum of a, b, c, d, e and f is 2; and g, h, i, j, k and l are independently 0 or 1, and the sum of g, h, i, j, k and l is 2.

Abstract: The invention provides a liquid crystal compound having stability to heat, light and so forth, a wide temperature range of a nematic phase, a small viscosity, a suitable optical anisotropy, and a suitable elastic constant K33, and further having a suitable and negative dielectric anisotropy and an excellent compatibility with other liquid crystal compounds, and a liquid crystal composition having stability to heat, light and so forth, a low viscosity, a large optical anisotropy, a suitable and negative dielectric anisotropy, and a suitable elastic constant K33, a low threshold voltage, a high maximum temperature (phase-transition temperature on a nematic phase-isotropic phase) of a nematic phase, and a low minimum temperature of the nematic phase. The liquid crystal compound which has a specific structure having fluorine at a lateral position and also having phenylene in which hydrogen on the benzene ring is replaced by fluorine, and a liquid crystal composition containing the compound are prepared.

Abstract: The present invention relates generally to compositions and methods for treating neurodegenerative diseases and disorders, particularly ophthalmic diseases and disorders. Provided herein are alkoxyl derivative compounds and pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds. The subject compositions are useful for treating and preventing ophthalmic diseases and disorders, including age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and Stargardt's Disease.

Abstract: A new metallo-?-lactamase inhibitor which acts as a medicament for inhibiting the inactivation of ?-lactam antibiotics and recovering anti-bacterial activities is disclosed. The maleic acid derivatives having the general formula (I) have metallo-?-lactamase inhibiting activities. It is possible to recover the anti-bacterial activities of ?-lactam antibiotics against metallo-?-lactamase producing bacteria by combining the compound of the general formula (I) with ?-lactam antibiotics.

Abstract: 4-(heterocycloalkyl)benzene-1,3-diol compounds are described corresponding to general formula (I) below: Also described, are compositions including the same, processes for preparation thereof and to the use thereof in pharmaceutical or cosmetic compositions for use in the treatment or prevention of pigmentary disorders.

Abstract: Disclosed are cis-2,6-disubstituted tetrahydropyran derivatives represented by Chemical Formula 1 and a preparation method thereof. The tetrahydropyran derivatives can be prepared by Prins-reacting tetrahydropyran derivatives with homopargylicalcohol derivatives in the presence of trimethylsilyltriflate. The tetrahydropyran derivatives with cis-substituents at both C2 and C6 positions of the tetrahydropyran ring are useful as intermediates for use in the synthesis and development of therapeutically effective, naturally occurring compounds. (wherein, R1, R2 and R3 are as defined in the specification.).