Abstract: Various embodiments of the present invention relate to, among other things, compounds and methods of using those compounds to treat an HIV infection. The compounds of the various embodiments of the present invention provide, among other things, therapeutic agents having enhanced penetration capability across the blood-brain barrier, such that they can enter the CNS to treat an HIV-1 infection in the CNS.

Abstract: To provide a novel material for a liquid crystal composition that can be used for various liquid crystal display devices. A novel isosorbide derivative represented by General Formula (G2) is provided. In General Formula (G2), Ar1, Ar2, Ar3, and Ar4 each independently represent a substituted or unsubstituted arylene group having 6 to 12 carbon atoms, a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkylene group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkenylene group having 4 to 12 carbon atoms; l, k, m, and n each independently represent any of 0 to 3; R21 and R23 each independently represent oxygen, a single bond, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkylene group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms; and R22 and R24 each independently represent hydrogen, oxygen, a substituted or unsubstituted alkyl group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or a substituted or unsubstituted alkoxy group having 1 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemocatalytic liquid-phase process for the direct one-stage amination of alcohols to primary amines by means of ammonia in high yields using a catalyst system containing at least one transition metal compound and a xantphos ligand.

Abstract: Described herein are improved methods for the preparation of 5- and 6-membered cyclic mono and diesters of sugar alcohols and anhydrosugar alcohols by reaction with an organic acid RCOOH over a solid acidic substrate. The process is adaptable to a continuous process for simultaneously making and separating the cyclic esters from the sugar alcohols and anhydrosugar alcohols under mild conditions using the solid acid substrate as both the catalyst and a chromatographic bed for separation. The reactions are performed at mild temperatures of 70° C. to 100° C. and the formation of the cyclic esters is nearly quantitative. Also described is a method for making 5- and 6-membered cyclic mono and diesters of sugar alcohols and anhydrosugar alcohols using microwave irradiation in the presence of the organic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines which comprises the process steps A) provision of a solution of a secondary alcohol in a fluid, nongaseous phase, B) contacting of the phase with free ammonia and/or at least one ammonia-releasing compound and a homogeneous catalyst and optionally C) isolation of the primary amine formed in process step B), characterized in that the volume ratio of the volume of the liquid phase to the volume of the gas phase in process step B is greater than or equal to 0.25, and/or in that the ammonia is used in process step B) in a molar ratio based on the hydroxyl groups in the secondary alcohol of at least 5:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to (meth)acrylated compounds (A) prepared from (a) at least one cyclic ether polyol, (b) at least one linking compound (b1) and/or (b2), wherein the linking compound (b1) is selected from cyclic compounds (b11) containing at least one (I) group in the cycle where X=O or NH, from hydroxy acids (b12) and/or from alkylene oxides (b13) containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms and the linking compound (b2) is selected from epihalohydrins or polyisocyanates, (c) a (meth)acrylating compound; and to their use in radiation curable compositions for the coatings, inks, overprint varnishes, adhesives and composites.

Abstract: The present invention provides new pseudopolymorphic forms of darunavir as well as a novel amorphous form of darunavir, pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds, methods for their preparation and use thereof in treating retroviral infections, in particular, HIV infection.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of isoidide from isosorbide. An aqueous solution of isosorbide is subjected to epimerization in the presence of hydrogen under the influence of a catalyst comprising ruthenium on a support, preferably a carbon support. The process of the invention can be conducted using a relatively low hydrogen pressure, and leads to a desired distribution of epimers, favoring isoidide over isomannide and isosorbide.

Abstract: Epoxy compounds that are bisanhydrohexitol derivatives (i.e., isosorbide derivatives, isomannide derivatives, isoidide derivatives, or mixtures thereof) having two terminal oxirane groups are provided. Additionally, curable compositions that include these epoxy compounds, cured compositions prepared from the curable compositions, and articles containing the cured compositions are described. The cured compositions can be used, for example, as a structural adhesive or as a coating.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a (meth)acrylated compound (A) prepared from: (i) a polyol constituent, (ii) a polyacid constituent and (iii) one or more (meth)acrylating compounds, wherein the polyol constituent comprises at least 30% by weight of one or more cyclic ether polyols, relative to the total weight of the polyol constituent, and wherein the compound (A) optionally further contains one or more moieties selected from the group consisting of (poly)caprolactone-containing moieties (ai), (poly)lactide- and/or (poly)glycolide-containing moieties (aii), moieties providing epoxide groups (aiii) and moieties providing alkylene oxide groups containing from 2 to 4 carbon atoms (aiv). The compounds of the invention are in particular suited for the making of radiation curable coating compositions and inks less prone to migration.

Abstract: Described are isosorbide derivatives according to general formula wherein R and R?, independently of one another, are: (i) hydrogen atom, or (ii) radical COR?, wherein R? is linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 5 to 23 carbon atoms, or (iii) linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, or (iv) radical CH2—CHOH—R??, wherein R?? is linear or branched alkyl radical having 6 to 22 carbon atoms, or (v) radical (CH2—CH2O)n—H and/or (CH2—CH(CH3)—O)m—H, wherein n and m, independently of one another, are an integer or fraction from 1 to 10, or (vi) for radical SO3OX, wherein X represents a sodium or ammonium ion, with the proviso that at most one of the radicals R and R? is a hydrogen atom. The isosorbide derivatives are useful as components of cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: Bisanhydrohexitol derivatives having terminal mercapto groups are provided. Additionally, curable compositions that include these mercapto-containing bisanhydrohexitol derivatives, cured compositions prepared from the curable compositions, and articles containing the cured compositions are provided. More specifically, the curable compositions are epoxy-based formulations and the mercapto-containing bisanhydrohexitol derivatives function as curing agents for epoxy resins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a non-solvated crystalline Darunavir, process for its preparation and pharmaceutical composition comprising it. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of amorphous Darunavir from a non-solvated crystalline Darunavir.

Abstract: A seal swell agent for a lubricating fluid is described. The invention relates to a seal swell agent for use in lubricating oils, such as engine oils, turbine oils, automatic and manual transmission, or gear, fluids, drivetrain and gear oils and hydraulic fluids. The seal swell agent comprises a diester of sorbitol or a derivative thereof and at least one carboxylic acid. The invention extends to the use of a diester of sorbitol or a derivative thereof and at least one carboxylic acid as a seal swell agent, and a method of maintaining seal integrity.

Abstract: The present invention is to provide a novel polymerizable chiral compound (chiral agent) having high left-handed helical twisting power, a polymerizable liquid crystal composition comprising the polymerizable chiral compound and a polymerizable liquid crystal compound, a liquid crystal polymer, and an optically anisotropic body.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for recovering anhydrosugar alcohols from a mixture comprising closely related compounds, such as sugar alcohols. In the method the mixture is contacted with an adsorbent, whereby the anhydrosugar alcohols are selectively adsorbed. The anhydrosugar alcohols can be recovered by desorption from the adsorbent, using a desorbing solvent.

Abstract: The use of one or more compounds of the formula (I) in which R is a straight-chain or branched saturated alkyl group having 5 to 11 carbon atoms or a straight-chain or branched mono- or polyunsaturated alkenyl group having 5 to 11 carbon atoms as antimicrobially active compound is described. The use is preferably in cosmetic, dermatological or pharmaceutical compositions, in crop protection formulations, in washing or cleaning compositions or in paints or coatings.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines by alcohol amination of alcohols with ammonia with the elimination of water, where the alcohol amination is carried out under homogeneous catalysis in the presence of at least one complex catalyst which comprises ruthenium and at least one at least bidental donor ligand, but no anionic ligands.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for the amination of at least one keto group in a multicyclic ring system comprising at least one keto group into an amino group, using at least one enzyme E having transaminase activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of darunavir, a nonpeptide protease inhibitor (PI), useful for the treatment of HIV/AIDS patients harboring multidrug-resistant HIV-1 variants that do not respond to previously existing HAART regimens. The present invention further relates to processes for the stereo-directed preparation of darunavir intermediates, in particular (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-ol and to certain novel intermediates obtained by such processes.

Abstract: Anhydrosugar-based monomers prepared from isosorbide, isomannide, and isoidide and resin systems containing these anhydrosugar-based monomers that are partially to fully bio-based, which may produce materials having properties that meet or exceed the properties of similar petroleum derived vinyl ester resins.

Abstract: A treatment regimen and dosage form comprising ritonavir and darunavir and their use in the treatment of HIV infection.

Abstract: A composition comprising an alkynyl phenoxy compound of Formula (I) as a synergist and a pesticidal active ingredient is described, wherein R1 and R2, similar or different, are (C1-C4)alkyl or R1O— and R2O— together represent a group —O—CH2—O—, —O—CH(CH3)—O, —O—CH2—CH2—O—, —O—CH2—CH2—, R3 is (C1-C6)alkyl, (C3-C6)alkenyl or —B—(CH2—CH2—O)z-R6 where B is —CH2—O— or —O—, z is 0, 1 or 2 and R6 is (C1-C4)alkyl; R4 is hydrogen or methyl; R5 is hydrogen or methyl; x is an integer from 1 to 2; y is 0, 1 or 2; with the proviso that when R3 is —B—(CH2CH2—O)z-R6, y is 1 and 5-(propargyloxy)-benzo[1,3]dioxole is excluded.

Abstract: The invention described herein pertains to processes and compounds useful in the preparation of bis-tetrahydrofurans. The invention described herein also pertains to compounds useful for treating HIV infections.

Abstract: The disclosed modulators of Rb:Raf-1 interactions are potent, selective disruptors of Rb:Raf-1 binding, with IC50 values ranging from 80 nM to 500 nM. Further, these compounds are surprisingly effective in inhibiting a wide variety of cancer cells, including osteosarcoma, epithelial lung carcinoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, three different pancreatic cancer cell lines, two different glioblastoma cell lines, metastatic breast cancer, melanoma, and prostate cancer. Moreover, the disclosed compounds effectively disrupt angiogenesis and significantly inhibited tumors in nude mice derived from human epithelial lung carcinoma tumors. Accordingly, the disclosed compounds, pharmaceutical compositions comprising the compounds, methods of inhibiting cell proliferation, methods of treating subjects with cancer, and methods of preparing the disclosed compounds are provided.

Abstract: Polymerizable ester compounds having formula (1) are novel wherein R1 is H, F, methyl or trifluoromethyl, R2 is an acid labile group, Aa is a divalent hydrocarbon group which may be separated by —O— or —C(?O)—, and k1 is 0 or 1. They are useful as monomers to produce polymers which are transparent to radiation ?500 nm. Radiation-sensitive resist compositions comprising the polymers as base resin exhibit excellent developed properties.

Abstract: A method for alkylation of an anhydrosugar compound in which a dialkyl carbonate is reacted with an anhydrosugar compound in the presence of a solid phase basic catalyst. Typical anhydrosugars are isosorbide.

Abstract: The present invention provides novel solvated forms of darunavir and processes for their preparation. The present invention also provides novel processes for the preparation of darunavir amorphous form and pharmaceutical compositions comprising it. Thus, for example, darunavir 2-methyl-2-butanol solvate was dissolved in methylene dichloride, distilled under vacuum at 45° C. to obtain a residue, cyclohexane was added to the residue and stirred for 30 hours at 20 to 25° C., and the separated solid was filtered, washed with cyclohexane and dried under vacuum at 50° C. for 12 hours to yield darunavir amorphous form.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are polymerizable dental materials and dental products based upon such materials. More particularly, disclosed are materials and products based upon BPA-free, polymerizable resins that are derived from 1,4:3,6-dianhydro-glucidol (isosorbide).

Abstract: The present application provides for a compound of Formula I, or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt, solvate, and/or ester thereof, compositions containing such compounds, therapeutic methods that include the administration of such compounds, and therapeutic methods and include the administration of such compounds with at least one additional therapeutic agent.

Abstract: New pseudopolymorphic forms of (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl(1S,2R)-3-[[(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyl](isobutyl)amino]-1-benzyl-2-hydroxypropylcarbamate and processes for producing them are disclosed.

Abstract: A method for alkylation of an anhydrosugar compound in which a dialkyl carbonate is reacted with an anhydrosugar compound in the presence of a solid phase basic catalyst. A typical anhydrosugar compound is anhydrosugar alcohol, a dianhydromonoether and mixtures thereof. The reaction step uses zeolyte as the solid phase basic catalyst. The zeolite catalyst is typically a zeolite having ammonium groups. The reaction is carried out at a temperature below 240° C. and the reaction time is 2 hours or less.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for reducing the production of methane emanating from the digestive activities of a ruminant and/or for improving ruminant animal performance by using, as active compound at least one organic molecule substituted at any position with at least one nitrooxy group, or a salt thereof, which is administrated to the animal together with the feed. The invention also relates to the use of these compounds in feed and feed additives such as premix, concentrates and total mixed ration (TMR) or in the form of a bolus.

Abstract: Compound with formula (I), wherein R? and R? represent a hydrogen atom, a monovalent radical with formula (IIa), or a monovalent radical with formula (IIb), it being understood that at least one of the R? or R? radicals does not represent a hydrogen atom and that when the R? and R? radicals do not represent a hydrogen atom, R? and R? are identical; method for preparing and using in cosmetics and as a drug.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting a polysaccharide-containing biomass material to platform chemicals. The process comprises dissolving the polysaccharides in an inorganic molten salt hydrate, converting the polysaccharides to monosaccharides, and converting the monosaccharides to derivatized (di) anhydro sugars that are easily separable from the inorganic molten salt hydrate. The derivatized (di) anhydro sugars are useful as fuel additives and fuel substitutes.

Abstract: A lignosulfonate compound for phase change ink of the formula wherein R is hydrogen or and wherein the cationic counterion+ is a nitrogen-alkyl cationic counterion, a nitrogen-aryl cationic counterion, a nitrogen-alkylaryl cationic counterion, or a nitrogen arylalkyl cationic counterion; and wherein the cationic counterion contains at least eight carbon atoms.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of Darunavir comprises the reacting of 4-amino-N-(2R, 3S) (3-amino-2-hydroxy-4-phenylbutyl)-N-isobutyl-benzenesulfonamide with (3R, 3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-ol derivative in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone and isolating the resulting Darunavir. The process yields Darunavir with a very low level of the difuranyl impurity.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for the preparation of an anhydrosugar alcohol using a starch-derived hexitol such as sorbitol or mannitol Anhydrosugar alcohol is in the form of a diol having two hydroxyl groups in the molecule thereof and has a very high utility value as a physical property modifier which can be used primarily in plastics. Representative examples of anhydrosugar alcohols include isosorbide and isomannide. These anhydrosugar alcohols are capable of increasing a glass transition temperature of and improving strength of PET, polyesters, polycarbonates, etc., and are therefore highly valuable as biodegradable environmentally-friendly bioplastics.

Abstract: Dianhydrohexitol diesters of 2-ethylheptanoic acid

Abstract: Provided herein is a photocurable dianhydrohexanehexol derivative, a method preparing the same, and a composition including the same, for example, to a photocurable compound derived from environmentally friendly biomass, the compound having a structure where a 2-hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HPM) functional group prepared by reacting a biomass derived dianhydrohexanehexol (1,4:3,6-dianhydro-d-hexane-1,2,3,4,5,6-hexol, DHH) compound under an optimal reaction condition is combined, a preparing method thereof, and a photocurable composition comprising the photocurable compound.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel process for preparation of darunavir that involves reduction of [(1S,2R)-3-[[(4-nitrophenyl)sulfonyl](2-methylpropyl)amino]-2-hydroxy-1-(phenylmethyl)propyl]carbamic acid (3R,3aS,6aR)-hexahydrofuro[2,3-b]furan-3-yl ester, of formula (5). The present invention also provides darunavir ethanolate of particle size wherein d0.9 is less than 130 ?m, d0.5 is less than 30 ?m, d0.1 is less than 10 ?m and process for its preparation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to triterpenoid derivatives, benzenoid derivatives, and pharmaceutical compositions containing the same for treating cancers or inflammatory symptoms. According to the present invention, the triterpenoid derivatives and the benzenoid derivatives are respectively represented by the following formulas (I) and (II): wherein, R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7, R8, , , , R1?, R2?, R3?, and R4? are defined the same as the specification.

Abstract: The invention provides small molecule drugs that are chemically modified by covalent attachment of a water-soluble oligomer. A conjugate of the invention, when administered by any of a number of administration routes, exhibits characteristics that are different from the small molecule drug not attached to the water-soluble oligomer.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for converting polysaccharides to platform chemicals. The process comprises dissolving the polysaccharides in a inorganic molten salt hydrate, converting the polysaccharides to monosaccharides, and converting the monosaccharides to platform chemicals that are easily separable from the inorganic molten salt hydrate. Preferably the polysaccharides are provided in the form of a biomass, more preferably a ligno-cellulosic biomass.

Abstract: A compound having the structural formula (I) and pharmaceutically acceptable salt and/or hydrates thereof, (I) wherein Y is an arylester or an C1-C8 alkylaryl ester, selected from the group consisting of: benzene, toluene, xylene, benzoic acid, benzoate, nicotinate, isonicotinate and halobenzene, which can be unsubstituted or substituted with at least one nitric oxide releasing group; and/or at least one of hydroxide, —Cl, —Br, a C1-C8 alkyl, benzyl, a C1-C8 alkoxy, benzyloxy, —NHC(O)R, —NH2, —NO2—ONO2, —(CH2)nONO2, —OC(O)[(CH2)n]cyclicONO2, —OCOArONO2, —OCOAr(CH2)nONO2 or a C1-C5 haloalkyl ester, wherein R is a C1-C8 alkyl or a C1-C8 alkoxy group, n=1-8 and m=3-10, to produce a super-aspirin effect.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing primary amines by alcohol amination of alcohols with ammonia with the elimination of water, where the alcohol amination is carried out under homogeneous catalysis in the presence of at least one complex catalyst which comprises ruthenium and at least one at least bidental donor ligand, but no anionic ligands.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for treating conditions associated with a chemosensory receptor, including diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases, disorders or conditions by administering a composition comprising a chemosensory receptor ligand. Also provided herein are chemosensory receptor ligand compositions and methods for the preparation thereof for use in the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention described herein pertains to processes and compounds useful in the preparation of bis-tetrahydrofurans. The invention described herein also pertains to compounds useful for treating HIV infections.

Abstract: A crude reaction product includes: (A) about 90 to 100% by weight of a dianhydro sugar alcohol in a solid form and (B) about 0 to about 10% by weight of a reaction byproduct in a solid form. The reaction product is prepared by the steps of (a) preparing a monoanhydro sugar alcohol by reacting a sugar alcohol in the presence of a first cyclization catalyst and (b) preparing a dianhydro sugar alcohol by reacting the monoanhydro sugar alcohol in the presence of a second catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula I in which the variables are each defined as follows: W is a (Y4-T2-)s(Y3-A2-)tY2—Z2 moiety, Z1, Z2 are each independently unreactive radicals as defined more specifically in the description or reactive radicals through which polymerization can be brought about, A1, A2 are each independently spacers as defined more specifically in the description, Y1 to Y5 are linking units as defined more specifically in the description, Y6 is a chemical single bond or —CO—, T1, T2 are each independently, as defined more specifically in the description, divalent saturated or unsaturated, optionally substituted and optionally fused iso- or heterocyclic radicals, Q is substituents as defined more specifically in the description, r, t are each independently 0 or 1, s is 0, 1, 2 or 3 and q is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.