Abstract: Prostaglandin I.sub.2 analogues of the formula: ##STR1## [wherein the symbol between the carbon atoms in positions 5 and 6 represents a single or double bond, Y represents ethylene or trans-vinylene, R.sup.1 represents hydrogen, alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, aralkyl of 7 to 12 carbon atoms, cycloalkyl of 4 to 7 carbon atoms optionally substituted by alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms, phenyl optionally substituted by chlorine, trifluoromethyl, alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or phenyl, a --C.sub.m H.sub.2m COOR.sup.7 group (wherein m represents an integer of from 1 to 12 and R.sup.7 represents alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms), a --C.sub.n H.sub.2n OR.sup.8 group (wherein n represents an integer of from 2 to 12 and R.sup.8 represents hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms) or a ##STR2## group (wherein R.sup.9 and R.sup.10 each represent alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms and n is as hereinbefore defined), R.sup.2 represents hydrogen or a hydroxy-protecting group, R.sup.

Abstract: Carboxylic acid anhydrides of the general formulaR--CO--O--CO--R' (I)in whichR and R' are identical or different and represent an optionally substituted alkyl group having 1 to 18 carbon atoms, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl group having 3 to 12 carbon atoms or an optionally substituted aryl group, or represent an optionally substituted 5-membered or 6-membered heterocyclic radical which additionally can be fused to a benzene ring,are obtained in high yields by a process in which a trimethylsilyl carboxylate of the general formulaR--CO--OSi(CH.sub.3).sub.3 (II)in whichR has the meaning given above, is reacted with a carboxylic acid-halide of the general formulaR'CO--X (III)in whichR' has the meaning given above, andX represents a halogen atom, if appropriate in the presence of a catalyst and, if appropriate, in the presence of a diluent, at a temperature between 20.degree. and 250.degree. C.The carboxylic acid anhydrides are valuable intermediate products for organic syntheses.

Abstract: Novel .gamma.-lactone derivatives are provided. These lactone derivatives, when reacted with hydrogen halide in alcohol, yield .gamma.-halogeno-.delta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid esters. This ring-opening process is useful for the purpose of increasing the yield of pyrethrin analogs which are of value as insecticides and agricultural chemicals. Thus, the .gamma.-lactone derivatives by-produced in the production process for dihalogenovinyl chrysanthemumates are caused to undergo ring-opening reaction to yield the corresponding .gamma.-halogeno-.delta.-unsaturated carboxylic acid esters which are important intermediates for said pyrethrin analogs.

Abstract: A method for producing a psychotropic response, especially for alleviating the symptoms of alcohol withdrawal, comprises administering to a human or animal subject in need thereof a psychotropically effective non-toxic amount of an oxyoctadecanoate. A composition for use in the present method is provided.

Abstract: N-Heterocyclylmethyl amides of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, aryl, or heterocyclyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, or C.sub.3-4 alkenyl. E is CN, CSNH.sub.2, alkoxycarbonyl, or --CONR.sup.4 R.sup.5 wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are H or optionally substituted alkyl or alkenyl; X is oxygen or sulphur; and R.sup.3 is H, or one or more Me or Cl. The compounds are useful as herbicides and fungicides.

Abstract: Bis(carboxamide) derivatives being useful as histamine H.sub.2 receptor antagonists or anti-peptic ulcer agents are provided from certain dicarboxylic acid derivatives.

Abstract: Novel sulfonate derivatives represented by the formulaR.sub.1 SO.sub.3 CH.sub.2 CO(CH.sub.2).sub.n R.sub.2act to inhibit esterases and chymotripsin and are useful as antilipemic agents, anti-inflammatory agents, immunity controlling agents, etc.

Abstract: The epoxysuccinic acid derivatives of this invention are prepared by esterification of an epoxysuccinic acid or a halide thereof, by partial hydrolysis of an epoxysuccinic acid diester, by amidation of an epoxysuccinic acid monoester, or by hydrolysis of an epoxysuccinic acid amide monoester. These epoxysuccinic acid derivatives have excellent thiol protease inhibitory activity and anti-inflammatory activity without the acceleration of vascular permeability.

Abstract: Diphenylalkanoether and diphenylalkanone oxime-ether derivatives of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently an aryl group optionally substituted with 1 to 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, nitro, cyano, di(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkylamino, amino, benzyloxy, hydroxyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfinyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylsulfonyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkanoylamino, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylamino and N-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkyl-N-(C.sub.1 -C.sub.4)alkanoylamino, Z.sup.1 is a group of the formula: ##STR2## (wherein R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are each independently a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group or an ar(C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: The epoxysuccinamic acid compounds of the present invention are prepared by reaction of monoesters of epoxysuccinic acid or monoesters of epoxysuccinic acid chloride with amino compounds. These epoxysuccinamic acid compounds have excellent anti-inflammatory activity, thiol protease inhibitory activity, muscular dystrophy inhibitory activity and anti-hypertensive activity without acceleration of vascular permeability.

Abstract: Novel 2-vinyl- and 2-ethylcyclopropane carboxylates useful as pesticides, herbicides and chemical intermediates are provided. The products of this invention contain two gem carboxylate ##STR1## groups, which can be the same or different. The carboxylate groups will contain an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, heteroalkyl or heterocyclic moiety.

Abstract: The invention includes novel alkali metal complex compounds (and processes for their preparation) which are useful, inter alia for the hydrogenation of alkali metals at room temperature or below room temperature to form hydrides or nitrides.

Abstract: Biphenyl compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 is hydrogen and the other is --CHO and the cyclic moiety A is a -2,5-; 2,3; or 3,4-di-OR-1-phenyl moiety wherein R is hydrogen or a hydroxy-protecting group are disclosed. The compounds are useful as intermediates in preparing redox compounds containing a phenylhydroquinone or phenylcatechol moiety.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of carbonic acid esters of mono- or polyalcohols, which is characterized in that urethanes are reacted with monoalcohols or with polyalcohols in a molar ratio of alcohol to urethane group of at least 1 to 1, in the presence of a catalyst, at reaction temperatures of between 120.degree. C. and 270.degree. C.The present invention thus also relates to a process for the preparation of oligocarbonates and of polycarbonates, which is characterized in that monourethanes or bisurethanes are reacted with primary dialcohols in a molar ratio of about 1.5:1 to about 1:1.5, together with monoalcohols, in the presence of catalysts, at reaction temperatures of between 120.degree. C. and 270.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention provides a convenient and commercially adaptable process for the preparation of vinylcyclopropane derivatives in high yield. For the process an alkylating agent and activated methylene compound are reacted in the presence of a cyclic polyether compound and alkali metal compound. Water can also be present and/or the reaction may be carried out in an inert organic diluent.