Abstract: Disclosed is a cost-effective process for catalytic conversion of simple C6-based sugars (such as glucose and fructose) and industrial-grade sugar syrups derived from starch (such as different grades of High Fructose Corn Syrup) and cellulosic biomass to 5-HydroxyMethylFurfural (5-HMF) in a continuous-flow tubular reactor in bi-phasic media using inexpensive heterogeneous solid catalysts. Commercial and synthesized heterogeneous solid catalysts were used and their activities in terms of sugar conversion and HMF selectivity and yield were compared. Continuous dehydration of fructose, glucose and industrial-grade sugar syrups derived from corn and wood to HMF was achieved and the stability of selected catalysts and feasibility of catalyst recycling and regeneration were demonstrated.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to produce 5-(halomethyl)furfural, including 5-(chloromethyl)furfural, by acid-catalyzed conversion of C6 saccharides, including isomers thereof, polymers thereof, and certain derivatives thereof. The methods make use of acids with lower concentrations, and allows for conversion of sugars into 5-(halomethyl)furfural at higher temperatures and faster reaction or residence times.

Abstract: Prodrugs and derivatives of 5-hydoxymethyl-2-furfural (5-HMF) with protected or modified aldehyde and/or alcohol moieties are provided. The prodrugs or derivatives exhibit increased bioavailability, e.g. due to having extended half-lives in circulation. The drugs are therefore administered i) at lower doses and/or ii) less frequently than 5-HMF, while still maintaining the beneficial therapeutic effects of 5-HMF.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (HMF) in a continuous process, which leads to the obtainment of an HMF fraction, a carbohydrate/acid fraction, a fructose fraction, and a levulinic-acid and formic-acid fraction and advantageously makes it possible, because of the purity of the obtained fractions, to return the fructose fraction obtained by means of the method directly to the production process and to use the other fractions in further-processing processes without the need for complex, additional purification steps.

Abstract: A process for the extraction of furfural from a composition comprising furfural, water, at least one organic acid and an oxygenate solvent with a boiling point higher than that of furfural. The process includes: (a) subjecting the composition to a first liquid-liquid separation step to provide: (i) an organic phase; (b) subjecting the organic phase of step (a) to a first distillation step to provide: (i) a first top stream; (c) subjecting the first top stream of step (b) to a second liquid-liquid separation step to provide: (i) a second top stream; and (d) subjecting the second top stream of step (c) to a second distillation step to provide: (i) a third top stream comprising a furfural-water azeotrope, and (ii) a third bottom stream comprising furfural.

Abstract: Implementations of the disclosed subject matter provide a process for converting biomass into furfural. The process may include subjecting a pentosan-containing biomass material to an acid catalyzed digestion process in a digestion vessel to produce a digested product stream comprising C5-carbohydrates and solids comprising cellulose. The digested product stream may be separated into a liquid product stream and a solid product stream comprising lignin and cellulose. The solids product stream may be contacted with water and an organic solvent, thereby converting at least part of the lignin to a phenolic solvent. The C5-carbohydrate in the liquid product stream may be subjected to a dehydration reaction in the presence of an acid catalyst and a biphasic mixture comprising an aqueous phase and a water-immiscible organic phase, wherein the water-immiscible organic phase includes at least a portion of the phenolic solvent, to produce furfural or a furan derivative.

Abstract: A furfural derivative having the chemical formula (1) wherein R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group or an acyl group, is prepared in a process, which process includes reacting a fructose- and/or glucose-containing starting material with a liquid hydroxyl group-containing compound of formula R—OH in the presence of an acid catalyst at a reaction temperature in the range of 150 to 300° C. to produce an acid reaction mixture including the furfural derivative of chemical formula (1), which acid reaction mixture has a pH-value of smaller than 3; neutralizing the acid reaction mixture to a pH-value in the range of 3 to 6.5 to provide a partially neutralized reaction mixture; and purifying the partially neutralized reaction mixture to recover the furfural derivative of chemical formula (1).

Abstract: A furfural derivative having the chemical formula (1) where R represents hydrogen, an alkyl group or an acyl group, is prepared in a process, which process includes reacting a fructose- and/or glucose-containing starting material with a liquid hydroxyl group-containing compound of formula R—OH in the presence of an acid catalyst at a reaction temperature in the range of 150 to 300° C. to produce a primary acid reaction mixture including the furfural derivative of chemical formula (1); separating part of the liquid hydroxyl group-containing compound from the primary acid reaction mixture to yield a secondary acid reaction mixture; neutralizing the secondary acid reaction mixture to a pH-value of at least 3 to obtain a neutralized reaction mixture; and purifying the neutralized reaction mixture to recover the furfural derivative of chemical formula (1).

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to produce 5-(halomethyl)furfural, including 5-(chloromethyl)furfural, by acid-catalyzed conversion of C6 saccharides, including isomers thereof, polymers thereof, and certain derivatives thereof. The methods make use of acids with lower concentrations, and allows for conversion of sugars into 5-(halomethyl)furfural at higher temperatures and faster reaction or residence times.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the production of an aldehyde compound by an oxidation reaction of an alcohol compound in the presence of a mesostructured vanadium phosphorus mixed oxide catalyst, at a temperature comprised between 50° C. and 200° C., in presence of an oxidant. The reaction medium may also comprise a solvent.

Abstract: Within the scope of hydrothermal carbonization of biomass, not only the main product, coal, but also the platform chemical 5-hydroxymethyl furfural, as well as furfural and levulinic acid, are formed. These are extracted from the process water of the carbonization reaction. However, in this connection, the problem exists that humic substances deposit on the container walls of the extraction column and can only be removed again by means of great cleaning effort. Furthermore, oligomers clearly worsen the purity of the product. This problem is solved by a filtration cascade through which the process water passes before extraction. In this connection, first the impurities mentioned are removed in a first filtration stage, and the remaining products and educts are separated from one another in a second filtration stage. Only the products are passed to extraction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing 5-acetoxymethylfurfural, comprising a step of synthesizing 5-acetoxymethylfurfural by reacting 5-halomethyl furfural with alkylammonium acetate. The present invention can provide a method for preparing 5-acetoxymethylfurfural which is economic and has high reaction efficiency even without using an additional base.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to produce 5-(halomethyl)furfural, including 5-(chloromethyl)furfural, by acid-catalyzed conversion of biomass. The methods make use of certain organic solvents with temperature-dependent solubility for 5-(halomethyl)furfural. This allows for temperature-dependent phase separation of the 5-(halomethyl)furfural from the reaction mixture. In certain embodiments, solid 5-(halomethyl)furfural may be obtained. The solid 5-(halomethyl)furfural obtained may be amorphous or crystalline.

Abstract: Provided herein is a method for producing 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) from maize syrup containing fructose including a conversion step in which a reaction product containing the 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural is produced by mixing and heating the maize syrup, a dioxane solvent and a solid acid catalyst, thus providing an advantage that the solvent can be easily isolated and the isolated solvent can be reused because dioxane is used as the solvent, and an advantage that the catalyst can be easily isolated and the isolated catalyst can be easily reused because a nonuniform solid acid catalyst is used.

Abstract: The present invention describes methods and apparatuses for the synthesis of 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furaldehyde (CMF) from saccharides in pure or crude form, the method comprising: (a) continuously contacting saccharides in pure or crude form, hydrochloric acid, and an organic solvent, by way of a continuous, biphasic-flow reactor assembly at a temperature from about 60 degrees C. to about 200 degrees C. and pressures from about 1 atmosphere to about 20 atmospheres, such that CMF is produced; (b) separating 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furaldehyde by liquid/liquid and solid/liquid phase separation; (c) producing at least five kilograms per day with at least 50% yield. Embodiments of the present invention can produce CMF in a continuous fashion, with high yield and without degradation of CMF to such side products as 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), 2-(2-hydroxyacetyl)furan (HAF) and levulinic acid (LA).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a compound of formula and/or an addition salt of a proton acid, wherein R1 and R2 independently represent alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, each aryl or aralkyl being optionally further substituted with alkyl, alkoxy and/or halogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to methods of processing lignocellulosic material to obtain hemicellulose sugars, cellulose sugars, lignin, cellulose and other high-value products. Also provided are hemicellulose sugars, cellulose sugars, lignin, cellulose, and other high-value products.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a novel process for the preparation of N-[2-n-butyl-3-{4-[(3-dibutylamino)propoxy]benzoyl}-1-benzofuran-5-yl]methanesulfonamide of formula I: and the new intermediates of the preparation process.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural derivatives by reacting a fructose and/or glucose-containing starting material with an alcohol in the presence of a catalytic or sub-stoichiometric amount of solid (“heterogeneous”) acid catalyst. The catalysts may be employed in a continuous flow fixed bed or catalytic distillation reactor. The ethers can be applied as a fuel or fuel additive.

Abstract: The present invention relates to processes for the enantio-selective preparation of spyrrolidine derivatives useful in the manufacture of pesticidally active compounds, as well as to intermediates in the processes. The processes include those comprising (a-i) reacting a compound of formula Ia wherein P is alkyl, aryl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted, wherein the heteroaryl is connected at P via a ring carbon atom; R1 is chlorodifluoromethyl or trifluoromethyl; R2 is aryl or heteroaryl, each optionally substituted; with a source of cyanide in the presence a chiral catalyst to give a compound of formula IIa wherein P, R1 and R2 are as defined for the compound of formula Ia; and (a-ii) oxidising the compound of formula IIa with a peroxy acid, or peroxide in the presence of an acid to give a compound of formula VI wherein R1 and R2 are as defined for the compound of formula Ia.

Abstract: The present invention generally relates to deuterium-enriched aldehydes, compositions comprising deuterium-enriched aldehydes, and methods for slowing the rate of aldehyde autoxidation. In one aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising a compound of structure 1: wherein: there are at least 6×1018 molecules of the aldehyde and Rx is hydrogen, wherein the deuterium isotope in Rx is in an amount greater than 0.10 percent of the hydrogen atoms present in Rx.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed which inhibit SIR2 base exchange more than deacetylation, thus enhancing SIR2 deacetylation activity. Methods of using the compounds for enhancing SIR2 deacetylation activity and increasing longevity of an organism are also disclosed. Methods for screening for compounds that enhance SIR2 deacetylation activity and increase longevity of an organism are additionally disclosed.

Abstract: Described is a process to produce hydroxymethyl furfural (HMF) from biomass-derived sugars. The process includes the steps of reacting a C5 and/or C6 sugar-containing reactant derived from biomass in a monophasic or biphasic reaction solution comprising water and a co-solvent. The co-solvent can be beta-, gamma-, and/or delta-lactones derived from biomass, tetrahydrofuran (THF) derived from biomass, and/or methyltetrahydrofuran (MTHF) derived from biomass. The reaction takes place in the presence of an acid catalyst and a dehydration catalyst for a time and under conditions such that at least a portion of glucose or fructose present in the reactant is converted to HMF.

Abstract: The present invention describes methods and apparatuses for the synthesis of 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furaldehyde (CMF) from saccharides in pure or crude form, the method comprising: (a) continuously contacting saccharides in pure or crude form, hydrochloric acid, and an organic solvent, by way of a continuous, biphasic-flow reactor assembly at a temperature from about 60 degrees C. to about 200 degrees C. and pressures from about 1 atmosphere to about 20 atmospheres, such that CMF is produced; (b) separating 5-(chloromethyl)-2-furaldehyde by liquid/liquid and solid/liquid phase separation; (c) producing at least five kilograms per day with at least 50% yield. Embodiments of the present invention can produce CMF in a continuous fashion, with high yield and without degradation of CMF to such side products as 5-(hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF), 2-(2-hydroxyacetyl)furan (HAF) and levulinic acid (LA).

Abstract: Alcohols are catalytically oxidized to aldehydes, in particular to benzaldehyde and diformylfuran, which are useful as intermediates for a multiplicity of purposes. The invention also relates to the polymerization of the dialdehyde and to the decarbonylation of the dialdehyde to furan.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for making hydroxymethylfurfural comprising exposing a saccharide, e.g. glucose or fructose, to a metal complex of an N-heterocyclic carbene.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to produce substituted furans (e.g., halomethylfurfural, hydroxymethylfurfural, and furfural), by acid-catalyzed conversion of biomass using a gaseous acid in a multiphase reactor, such as a fluidized bed reactor.

Abstract: A process that directly converts carbohydrates, particularly biomass derived carbohydrates and more specifically biomass (e.g., lignocellulosic biomass), to furfural-/HMF-ketone adducts for liquid hydrocarbon production under mild conditions.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the preparation of a compound of formula and/or an addition salt of a proton acid, wherein R1 and R2 independently represent alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or aralkyl, each aryl or aralkyl being optionally further substituted with alkyl, alkoxy and/or halogen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to cyanoenamine derivatives, their process of preparation, intermediate compounds, their use as fungicide active agents, particularly in the form of fungicide compositions, and methods for the control of phytopathogenic fungi, notably of plants and in material protection, using these compounds or compositions.

Abstract: A compound of formula (I) R-L-CO—X ??(I) (wherein R is a C10-24 unsaturated hydrocarbon group optionally interrupted by one or more heteroatoms or groups of heteroatoms selected from S, O, N, SO, SO2, said hydrocarbon group comprising at least 4 non-conjugated double bonds; L is a linking group forming a bridge of 1 to 5 atoms between the R group and the carbonyl CO; and X is an electron withdrawing group) for use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis.

Abstract: The invention provides a series of novel 1,2-disubstituted amido-anthraquinone derivatives. Further, the invention also provides the preparation method and application of said derivatives, said application comprises: said derivatives with therapeutically effective amount are prepared into pharmaceutical compositions for inhibition of cancer cell growth, further treating cancer.

Abstract: The subject of the present invention is a novel process for the preparation of N-[2-n-butyl-3-{4-[(3-dibutylamino)propoxy]benzoyl}-1-benzofuran-5-yl]methanesulfonamide of formula I: and the new intermediates of the preparation process.

Abstract: A process is provided for the synthesis of furan and related compounds by vapor phase decarbonylation of furfural and derivatives, using a palladium/alumina catalyst that has been promoted with an alkali carbonate. Catalyst lifetime is improved. The catalyst can be regenerated in situ by feeding a mixture of air and steam, with a composition of between about 2% and about 40% air, to the catalyst bed at a temperature between about 300° C. and about 500° C.

Abstract: Disclosed is a photoelectric conversion element comprising a conductive support and provided thereon, a semiconductor layer, a charge transporting layer and an opposed electrode, the semiconductor layer comprising a semiconductor with a dye, wherein the dye is a compound represented by the following formula (1).

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed which inhibit SIR2 base exchange more than deacetylation, thus enhancing SIR2 deacetylation activity. Methods of using the compounds for enhancing SIR2 deacetylation activity and increasing longevity of an organism are also disclosed. Methods for screening for compounds that enhance SIR2 deacetylation activity and increase longevity of an organism are additionally disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a N-(Phenylcycloalkyl)carboxamide or N-(Benzylcycloalkyl)carboxamide or its thiocarboxamide derivative of formula (I) wherein A represents a carbo-linked, unsaturated or partially saturated, substituted or non-substituted 5-membered heterocyclyl group, T represents an oxygen or a sulphur atom, B represents a non aromatic carbocycle that can be substituted by one to four C1-C8-alkyl groups, and X, Z1, Z2 and Z3 represent various substituents; their process of preparation; the preparation of intermediate compounds; their use as fungicide active agents, particularly in the form of fungicide compositions and methods for the control of phytopathogenic fungi, notably of plants, using these compounds or compositions.

Abstract: A method of preparing furfural compounds and a mixture for preparing the same are disclosed. First, a solution is prepared by mixing an organic ammonium salt and a hydroxyl organic solvent. Then, a carbohydrate is mixed with the solution to form a mixture. The mixture is heated to a reaction temperature for conversion of the carbohydrate to produce the furfural compounds.

Abstract: Lignin polymers having distinctive properties, including a generally high molecular weight and generally homogeneous size distribution, as well as preservation of native reactive side groups, are isolated by solvent extraction of plant materials. Methods for isolation of lignin polymers, and for use of the isolated lignin polymers are disclosed. Compositions containing lignin isolated from plant materials, such as carbon fiber composites, resins, adhesive binders and coatings, polyurethane-based foams, rubbers and elastomers, plastics, films, paints, nutritional supplements, food and beverage additives are disclosed. Xylose and xylose derivatives, furfural, fermentable sugars, cellulose and hemi-cellulose products may be used directly or further processed. The lignin polymers and other plant-derived products disclosed herein may be produced in abundance at low cost, and may be used as substitutes for feedstocks originating from fossil fuel or petrochemical sources in the manufacture of various products.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of 5-alkoxymethylfurfural derivatives by reacting a fructose and/or glucose-containing starting material with an alcohol in the presence of a catalytic or sub-stoechiometric amount of heterogeneous acid catalyst. The catalysts may be employed in a continuous flow fixed bed or catalytic distillation reactor. The ethers can be applied as a fuel or fuel additive.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides methods to make liquid fuels from renewable, carbon neutral precursors. Specifically, methods to prepare 2,5-dimethylfuran from a source of fructose or other carbohydrates using a one-pot synthesis are provided. In some embodiments, the disclosed methods avoid the isolation of intermediates, and employ “green” reagents like formic acid and acetic acid.

Abstract: Accordingly, the current invention provides a method for the manufacture of an ether or ester of 5-hydroxymethyl-furfural by reacting a hexose-containing starting material or HMF with an alcohol or an organic acid dissolved into an ionic liquid, using a metal chloride as catalyst.

Abstract: A method is disclosed for the acid hydrolysis of carbohydrates in or from biomass, using a solvent system including an aqueous ether, where the ether form a majority of the system, which affords high yields to the platform chemicals such as 2-furfural and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural (5-HMF). The later can also undergo a domino reaction to chemicals including levulinic acid, particularly with oxygenated anions and greater water content. A total dissolution and reaction of biomass occurs under a range of relatively mild conditions (combined Severity range ˜2.2-2.6). Lignin and lignin derived products can be easily separated by precipitation.

Abstract: The instant invention involves a process for enhancing molecular mass of biomass reactants. The process comprises first forming a substituted or unsubstituted furfural from a biomass. The substituted or unsubstituted furfural is then reacted with an activated methylene compound in the presence of a catalyst and, if desired, a solvent to form a Knoevenagel product. The product may then be hydrogenated to products containing an alcohol, ether, aldehyde, or ketone functional groups or to an olefinic or aliphatic species wherein as much as all of the oxygen and/or nitrogen has been removed.

Abstract: Alcohols are catalytically oxidized to aldehydes, in particular to benzaldehyde and diformylfuran, which are useful as intermediates for a multiplicity of purposes. The invention also relates to the polymerization of the dialdehyde and to the decarbonylation of the dialdehyde to furan.

Abstract: Method for the manufacture of 5-alkoxymethylfurfural derivatives by reacting a fructose and/or glucose-containing starting material with an alcohol in the presence of a catalytic or sub-stoechiometric amount of solid (“heterogeneous”) acid catalyst. The catalysts may be employed in a continuous flow fixed bed or catalytic distillation reactor. The ethers can be applied as a fuel or fuel additive.

Abstract: The disclosure pertains to a process for oxidation of furan aldehydes such as 5-hydroxymethyl)furfural (HMF) and derivatives thereof such as 5-(alkoxymethyl)furfural (AMF), 5-(aryloxymethyl)furfural, 5-(cycloalkoxy-methyl)furfural and 5-(alkoxycarbonyl)furfural compounds in the presence of dissolved oxygen and a Co(II), Mn(II), Ce(III) salt catalyst or mixtures thereof. The products from HMF can be selectively chosen to be predominantly 2,5-diformylfuran (DFF), particularly by inclusion of an aliphatic ketone, like methyl ethyl ketone, or can be further oxidized to 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA) by the omission of methyl ethyl ketone and inclusion of bromide. When the reactant is an ether derivative of HMF the products are surprisingly ester derivatives where either both the ether and aldehyde functional groups have been oxidized or just the ether function group thereby producing one or both of 5-ester-furan-2-acids (i.e., 5-alkoxycarbonylfurancarboxylic acids) or 5-ester-furan aldehydes, (i.e.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed which inhibit SIR2 base exchange more than deacetylation, thus enhancing SIR2 deacetylation activity. Methods of using the compounds for enhancing SIR2 deacetylation activity and increasing longevity of an organism are also disclosed. Methods for screening for compounds that enhance SIR2 deacetylation activity and increase longevity of an organism are additionally disclosed.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods of inhibiting, regulating, and/or modulating the formation of soluble, globular, non-fibrillar, neurotoxic amyloid ?1-42 oligomers from amyloid ?1-42 monomers using acylhydrazide compounds. Also disclosed are methods of treating a patient suffering from diseases associated with the formation of soluble, globular, non-fibrillar, neurotoxic amyloid ?1-42 oligomers using acylhydrazide compounds.

Abstract: The present application discloses a process for preparing a compound of the general formula R1-M1-Ad.zLiX (I) by reacting a compound R1-A (III) with an element M1 in the presence of lithium salts. The application also discloses a process for preparing a compound of the general formula R1m-M3-Tm.zLiX (II) by reacting a compound R1-A (III) with an M3-containing compound in the presence of lithium salts and in the presence of an elemental metal M2. The metal M3 may be selected from Al, Mn, Cu, Zn, Sn, Ti, In, La, Ce, Nd, Y, Li, Sm, Bi, Mg, B, Si and S.