Abstract: This invention relates to a process, comprising reacting ethylene and oxygen or a source of oxygen in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor to form a product comprising ethylene oxide, wherein the catalyst contains silver or silver compound and a support and the catalyst is in the form of particulate solids having a mean particle diameter from 1 to 1000 ?m and wherein the molar ratio of oxygen to ethylene is from 1:4 to 10:1.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for producing an alkylene oxide by direct oxidation of an alkene with oxygen by reacting a mixture comprising alkene and oxygen in the presence of a silver-comprising catalyst for a run time ?t(i), wherein during the oxidation, the catalyst is additionally contacted at least once with a further mixture comprising ethanol for a run time ?t(ii), wherein the run time ?t(i)>?t(ii).

Abstract: The present invention provides a reactor system comprising: —one or more purification zones comprising an absorbent which comprises silver, an alkali or alkaline earth metal, and a support material having a surface area of more than 20 m2/g, and —a reaction zone comprising a catalyst, which reaction zone is positioned downstream from the one or more purification zones; an absorbent; a process for reacting a feed comprising one or more feed components; and a process for preparing a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, a 1,2-carbonate, or an alkanolamine.

Abstract: A start-up process for epoxidation of ethylene is provided. The process includes initiating an epoxidation reaction by reacting a feed gas composition in the presence of an epoxidation catalyst at a first temperature of about 180° C. to about 210° C. The first temperature is increased to a second temperature of about 230° C. to about 290° C., over a time period of about 6 hours to about 50 hours, while simultaneously adding a sufficient concentration of moderator so that the amount of moderator adsorbed on the catalyst after achieving the second temperature is from about 10 to about 50 g/m3 of catalyst. The second temperature is maintained for about 50 hours to about 350 hours, while regulating the feed gas composition to contain about 0.5% to about 25% CO2. The second temperature is decreased to a third temperature, while simultaneously increasing moderator concentration to a level greater than the sufficient concentration.

Abstract: The invention relates to an improved process for producing a catalyst useful for the epoxidation of ethylene to ethylene oxide. In forming the catalyst, a silver-impregnated support is subjected to two calcinations. The support is subjected to a first calcination in a first atmosphere comprising air. Next the support is subjected to a second calcination in a second atmosphere which is substantially entirely comprised of inert gas, and which second atmosphere is substantially absent of hydrogen. This two-stage calcination produces an improved catalyst which contains fewer organics left over under standard conditions of air calcination alone, while costing less than calcination in an inert gas alone.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for the epoxidation of an olefin, which process comprises reacting a feed comprising an olefin and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a carrier and silver deposited on the carrier, which carrier comprises at least 85 weight percent ?-alumina and has a surface area of at least 1.3 m2/g, a median pore diameter of more than 0.8 ?m, and a pore size distribution wherein at least 80% of the total pore volume is contained in pores with diameters in the range of from 0.1 to 10 ?m and at least 80% of the pore volume contained in the pores with diameters in the range of from 0.1 to 10 ?m is contained in pores with diameters in the range of from 0.3 to 10 ?m.

Abstract: A process for preparing a rejuvenated epoxidation catalyst, for the epoxidation of one or more olefins using the rejuvenated epoxidation catalyst to produce olefin oxide, and for the production of a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether, or an alkanol amine from the olefin oxide, the process comprising: providing a quantity of spent epoxidation catalyst having a cumulative alkylene oxide production of 0.16 kT/m3 of the spent epoxidation catalyst or more; and, depositing additional silver on the spent epoxidation catalyst in an amount of 0.2% w or more, based on the weight of the spent epoxidation catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing a 1,2-diol, a 1,2-diol ether or an alkanolamine comprising converting an olefin oxide, wherein the olefin oxide has been obtained by a process for the epoxidation of an olefin, said process comprising using a catalyst comprising a carrier and silver deposited thereon, wherein the carrier comprises at least 85 weight percent ?-alumina and has a surface area of at least 1.3 m2/g, a median pore diameter of more than 0.8 ?m, and a pore size distribution wherein at least 80% of the total pore is contained in pores with diameters in the range of from 0.1 to 10 ?m, and at least 80% of the pore volume contained in the pores with diameters in the range of from 0.1 to 10 ?m is contained in pores with diameters in the range of from 0.3 to 10 ?m.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an alumina support for silver catalyst, a process for preparing said alumina support, a silver catalyst made from said alumina support, and a use of said silver catalyst in the production of ethylene oxide by the oxidization of ethylene. According to the present invention, the silver catalyst made from the support prepared by potassium melt technology can have a high selectivity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous process for producing an alkylene oxide by direct oxidation of an alkene with oxygen by reacting a mixture comprising alkene and oxygen in the presence of a silver-comprising catalyst for a run time ?t(i), wherein during the oxidation, the catalyst is additionally contacted at least once with a further mixture comprising ethanol for a run time ?t(ii), wherein the run time ?t(i)>?t(ii).

Abstract: This invention relates to a process, comprising reacting ethylene and oxygen or a source of oxygen in the presence of a catalyst in a reactor to form a product comprising ethylene oxide, wherein the catalyst contains silver or silver compound and a support and the catalyst is in the form of particulate solids having a mean particle diameter from 1 to 1000 ?m and wherein the molar ratio of oxygen to ethylene is from 1:4 to 10:1.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing an olefin oxide characterized by contacting an olefin and oxygen, in the presence of water and a halogen compound, with a silver catalyst, wherein the silver catalyst is a silver catalyst that is obtainable by contacting metal silver, a silver compound or a mixture of both with an alkaline earth metal carbonate and that has an alkali metal content of 1,500 ppm or less based on the total weight of the silver catalyst.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process for producing an olefin oxide, which is characterized by reacting an olefin with oxygen in the presence of a silver catalyst and 0.2 mole or more of water per mol of the olefin.

Abstract: A catalyst that enables to produce ethylene oxide in a high selectivity and a method for the production of ethylene oxide using the catalyst are provided. In the catalyst for the production of ethylene oxide, wherein the catalyst component is supported by a carrier, a carrier containing ?-alumina as the main component which has at least two peaks in the range of pore diameter of 0.01-100 ?m and at least one peak of the above peaks is present in the range of pore diameter of 0.01-1.0 ?m in the pore distribution measured by mercury porosimetry is adopted as said carrier.

Abstract: A process for initiating a highly selective ethylene oxide catalyst is provided in which the highly selective ethylene oxide catalyst is operated first as a ‘standard’ Ag-based catalyst (e.g., a catalyst that contains only silver and alkali metal, especially cesium). Moreover, the inventive initiation procedure is more efficient when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the feed is higher than 6 vol. %, and even more efficient when the concentration of carbon dioxide in the feed is higher than 10 vol. %, of the feed mixture during the initiation period.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the epoxidation of an olefin, wherein the concentration of the olefin oxide in the outlet is greater than about 2.2% by volume. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for the epoxidation of ethylene by contacting a feed including at least ethylene and oxygen with an improved epoxidation catalyst. The catalyst which has improved selectivity in the epoxidation process at high productivities, includes a solid support having a surface, which has a first mode of pores that have a diameter ranging from about 0.01 ?m to about 5 ?m and having a differential pore volume peak in the range from about 0.01 ?m to about 5 ?m. The surface also has a second mode of pores, which is different from the first mode of pores, having a diameter ranging from about 1 ?m to about 20 ?m and have a differential pore volume peak in the range from about 1 ?m to about 20 ?m.

Abstract: Hepatitis C virus inhibitors are disclosed having the general formula: wherein R1, R2, R3, R?, B, Y and X are described in the description. Compositions comprising the compounds and methods for using the compounds to inhibit HCV are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the epoxidation of an olefin, which process comprises reacting a feed comprising the olefin, oxygen and a reaction modifier in the presence of a highly selective silver-based catalyst at a reaction temperature T, and with the reaction modifier being present in a relative quantity Q which is the ratio of an effective molar quantity of active species of the reaction modifier present in the feed to an effective molar quantity of hydrocarbons present in the feed, and which process comprises the steps of: operating at a first operating phase wherein the value of T is T1 and the value of Q is Q1, and subsequently operating at a second operating phase at a reaction temperature which is different from the reaction temperature employed in the first operating phase, such that the value of T is T2 and the value of Q is substantially Q2, whereby Q2 is determined by calculation and Q2 is defined by the formula Q2=Q1+B(T2?T1), wherein B denotes a constant factor which is greater than 0; a reaction system

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing a catalyst which involves (a) preparing a paste having a uniform mixture of at least one alkaline earth metal carbonate; a liquid medium; a silver bonding additive; and, at least one extrusion aid and/or optionally a burnout additive; (b) forming one or more shaped particles from the paste; (c) drying and calcining the particles; and, (e) impregnating the dried and calcined particles with a solution containing a silver compound. The invention also relates to a process for preparing an olefin oxide comprising reacting a gas composition containing an olefin having at least two carbon atoms with oxygen in the presence of the catalyst composition obtained by the process of this invention.

Abstract: A method of increasing the lifetime of a hydro-oxidation catalyst comprising, preferably, gold, silver, or mixtures thereof, and optionally one or more promoters, on a titanium-containing support, such as a titanosilicate or titanium dispersed on silica. The method of the invention involves contacting the catalyst support with a hydroxy-functionalized organosilicon compound, a carboxy-functionalized organosilicon compound, or a mixture of hydroxy- and carboxy-functionalized organosilicon compounds, such as, sodium methyl siliconate or (2-carboxypropyl)tetramethyldisiloxane. The contacting is preferably conducted during deposition of the catalytic metal(s) and optional promoters(s) onto the support. A catalyst composition and hydro-oxidation process utilizing the silicon-treated catalyst support are also claimed.

Abstract: A material especially useful for the selective oxidation of hydrocarbons and other organic compounds includes a non-crystalline, porous inorganic oxide having at least 97 volume percent mesopores based on micropores and mesopores, and at least one catalytically active metal selected from the group consisting of one or more transition metal and one or more noble metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an ethylene oxide catalyst comprised of silver deposited on an alumina carrier which has been treated to remove at least 25% of the surface sodium ions and replace the removed sodium ions with up to 10 ppm of lithium ions and to the preparation thereof.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the preparation of mono-epoxides of certain diolefins wherein a conjugated diolefin, or polyolefin, that contains allylic carbon-hydrogen bonds, is contacted with molecular oxygen in the presence of a modified silver catalyst.

Abstract: A process for the direct oxidation of an olefin by oxygen to the corresponding olefin oxide in the presence of a reducing agent and a catalyst. The catalyst comprises a metal component, such as a transition metal oxide, dispersed on a metal ion-exchanged metallosilicates, such as a Group 1 or Group 2 ion-exchanged porous aluminosilicate. Selectivity to the olefin oxide is high and the catalyst is readily regenerated.

Abstract: A process and catalysts for the direct oxidation of an olefin having three or more carbon atoms, such as propylene, by oxygen to an olefin oxide, such as propylene oxide. The process involves contacting the olefin under reaction conditions with oxygen in the presence of hydrogen and a catalyst. The catalyst contains silver and titanium, optionally gold, and optionally, at least one promoter element selected from Group 1, Group 2, zinc, cadmium, the lanthanide rare earths, and the actinide elements. Suitable supports include titanium dioxide, titanium dioxide on silica, titanosilicates, promoter metal titanates, titanium dispersed on silica and promoter metal silicates.

Abstract: Processes for the selective preparation of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene (EpB) to 1,2-epoxy-butane (butylene oxide-BO) in the presence of the supported catalysts, comprising one or more Group VIII metals deposited on the support materials which have micropores filled with one or more inorganic oxides.

Abstract: In manufacturing ethylene oxide by catalytic vapor phase oxidation of ethylene, a process comprising adding, as liquid, an organic halide as a reaction inhibitor into the ethylene raw material gas flow is provided. According to this process, ethylene oxide can be manufactured stably and in high selectivity.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of ethylene oxide is formed by causing a carrier having &agr;-alumina as a main component thereof to incorporate therein silica and a metal or a compound of at least one element selected from the elements of the groups Ib and IIb in the periodic table of the elements such as, for example, silver oxide and depositing silver on the carrier. The carrier is obtained by mixing at least &agr;-alumina, a silicon compound, an organic binder, and a compound of at least one element selected from the elements of the groups Ib and IIb in the periodical table of the elements and then calcining the resultant mixture at a temperature in the range of 1,000°-1,800° C.

Abstract: The present invention relates to silver-containing and optionally promoter-containing supported catalysts and catalyst intermediates, processes for their preparation and their use for preparing alkylene oxides by oxidation of alkenes with oxygen. The catalysts are prepared by treatment of a support with a lactic acid containing silver ions, nitrate ions and optionally promoter metal ions, drying, predecomposition in a virtually oxygen-free atmosphere and subsequent activation by heating in an oxygen-containing atmosphere while precisely controlling the temperature conditions and the feeding-in of oxygen. The catalyst intermediates obtainable by treatment, drying and only predecomposition can be activated in a temporally and physically separate process step to form the actual catalysts. Suitable promoters are alkaline earth metal compounds and/or alkali metal compounds. High activities and high selectivities are achieved when using the catalysts of the invention for preparing alkylene oxides.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the selective epoxidation of olefins, including diolefins, having more than 2 carbon atoms by the catalytic oxidation of such an olefin in the presence of a supported, fluorine-promoted, silver catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to an ethylene oxide catalyst which contains silver and one or more alkali metal promoters supported on a carrier prepared by a process comprising the use of ceramic particle components with particle sizes chosen to ensure that a desired degree of porosity is obtained without the use of organic burnout materials.

Abstract: The invention relates to a silver catalyst for the partial oxidation of ethylene with molecular oxygen in the gas phase to form ethylene oxide and a process for preparing ethylene oxide using this catalyst. The catalyst is superior to comparable catalysts of the prior art through an increased selectivity (at high activity) and/or a more favorable ageing behavior. The process for preparing ethylene oxide is distinguished by improved economics.

Abstract: Methods of using chiral catalysts for enantioselectively epoxidizing a prochiral olefin and for enantioselectively oxidizing a prochiral sulfide are disclosed. In accordance with one aspect of the invention, the catalyst used is a salen derivative which has the following general structure: ##STR1## In accordance with another aspect of the present invention is a method of producing an epoxychroman using a chiral catalyst. In accordance with this method, a chromene derivative, an oxygen atom source, and a chiral catalyst are reacted under such conditions and for such time as is needed to epoxidize said chromene derivative. In accordance with yet another aspect of this invention is a method of enantioselectively epoxidizing a cis-cinnamate derivative to make taxol or an analog thereof. In accordance with another aspect a method of disproportionation of hydrogen peroxide using the catalysts of the present invention is disclosed.

Abstract: 3,4-Epoxy-1-butene is prepared by the gas phase epoxidation of 1,3-butadiene by means of oxygen or oxygen-containing gases over silver-containing catalysts and isolation of the 3,4-epoxy-1-butene from the reaction exit mixture by performing the gas phase epoxidation in the presence of from 6 to 80 mol % of water vapor, based on the gas mixture supplied to the reactor.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an improved gas phase process for the selective epoxidation of non-allylic olefins wherein the epoxidation is carried out in the presence of certain inert, paraffin hydrocarbons. Such hydrocarbons possess higher heat capacities as compared to other materials, e.g., nitrogen, argon, methane and helium, typically used as inert diluents in olefin epoxidations. The disclosed process is particularly useful for the continuous manufacture of 3,4-epoxy-1-butene from 1,3-butadiene.

Abstract: A silver catalyst suitable for the oxidation of ethylene is provided in which the silver within a support particle, e.g., alumina, is non-uniformly distributed so that the silver concentration is clearly greater on the geometric surface and in the surface layer just beneath less than 0.5 mm thick than in the interior of the particles. The concentration of silver in the layer is two to a thousand times the concentration in the interior of the catalyst.

Abstract: Process is disclosed for the slective monoepoxidation of styrene, styrene analogs, and styrene derivatives. Such compounds are contacted with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a promoted, optionally supported silver catalyst under defined reaction conditions, thereby selectively producing opoxides in good yield.

Abstract: A process for preparing silver-containing catalysts and their carriers for the production of ethylene oxide via ethylene oxidation and also to the applications of said catalysts in producing ethylene oxide.Commercial trihydrated .alpha.-alumina, boehmite, carbonaceous materials, a fluxing agent, fluoride and a binder are mixed with water, kneaded and extruded to form strips which are cut and shaped. The shaped bodies are dried, calcined and converted to a .alpha.-alumina bodies i.e., carriers. This process is characterized by using trihydrated .alpha.-alumina, boehmite alumina and carbonaceous materials which have a good matching of particle sizes and proportions in preparing alumina carriers with the following pore structure:______________________________________ specific surface area 0.2-2 m.sup.2 /g pore volume >0.5 ml/g pore radius >30.mu., 25-10% of total volume <30.mu., 75-90% of total volume.

Abstract: An improved silver catalyst for the oxidation of ethylene with molecular oxygen is made by impregnating a support with a silver salt prepared by reacting a silver compound with a neo-acid, in a hydrocarbon solvent with the reaction completed under reflux conditions; drying and activating the resultant precatalyst by heating in air; thereafter impregnating the activated catalyst with an amount, 800 to 5000 wppm of alkali metal, preferably Cs, to deactivate the catalyst to form a catalyst precursor and heating the catalyst precursor at 450.degree.-700.degree. C. for 0.1 to 4.5 hours at a steady state in a substantially inert atmosphere to reactivate it.

Abstract: Process is disclosed for the selective epoxidation of olefins having no allylic hydrogens. Such olefins are contacted with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a silver catalyst and an organic halide under defined reaction conditions, thereby selectively producing epoxides in good yield.

Abstract: Process is disclosed for the selective mono epoxidation of olefins having no allylic hydrogens. Such olefins are contacted with an oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a silver catalyst under defined reaction conditions, thereby selectively producing monoepoxides in good yield.

Abstract: Olefins such as propylene can be oxidized to their epoxides by contacting gaseous olefin with oxygen in the presence of an unsupported silver catalyst. This catalyst is promoted with 30 to 1300 ppm (weight) magnesium relative to the silver.

Abstract: In a process of producing ethylene oxide by contacting ethylene and oxygen with a main body of a solid catalyst in a reaction zone and passing product from that zone through a substantial volume to a cooler, acetaldehyde is produced by isomerization of ethylene oxide in the volume. The acetaldehyde content of the gases entering the cooler is reduced in this invention by passing them through a second, smaller bed of catalyst before the gases are passed to the cooler.

Abstract: A process of oxidizing an olefin having at least three carbon atoms directly to the corresponding epoxide comprising contacting the olefin with oxygen in the presence of a catalyst comprising a mixed silver-promoter metal (+2 or +3) silicate. In the direct oxidation of propylene the process yields a high selectivity to propylene oxide.

Abstract: A supported silver catalyst for the oxidation of ethylene with molecular oxygen to ethylene oxide is made by depositing silver on a support capable of selectively adsorbing alkali metals, activating the silver under conditions chosen to provide the optimum selectivity of ethylene oxide and thereafter depositing an amount of an alkali metal sufficient to increase selectivity of the silver catalyst above its alkali-free state. The catalyst most preferably employs a ceramic support having a surface area of 0.3-0.8 m.sup.2 /gm. The amount of alkali metal on the finished catalyst is most preferably 50-300 ppm by weight. The catalyst may also include additional promoters, such as the alkaline earth metals, preferably barium.

Abstract: The invention relates to a novel mixed ion and electron conducting catalytic ceramic membrane and to its use in hydrocarbon oxidation and or hydrogenation processes, the membrane consists of two layers, layer 1 which is an impervious mixed ion and electron conducting ceramic layer and layer 2 which is a porous catalyst-containing ion conducting ceramic layer.

Abstract: Ethylene oxide is produced by contacting ethylene and oxygen in the presence of a chlorine containing reaction modifier with a silver containing catalyst, nitropropane being also present. The nitropropane raises the selectivity of the process.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of alkylene oxides is produced by impregnating a supported silver composition with a solution of an alkali metal compound. The uniformity of alkali metal distribution is improved by including in the solution at least 20% by weight of a heavy component which is subsequently removed by chemical reaction.

Abstract: The Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 carrier material from Ag/Al.sub.2 O.sub.3 supported catalysts which is obtained after the silver has been removed from such spent catalysts in a conventional manner is regenerated by a method in which the carrier material(a) is treated with an aqueous solution of a water-soluble salt or hydroxide of a metal of group IIA, IIIB or IVB of the Periodic Table or of aluminum, copper, manganese, zinc, cadmium, tin or lead, and the material treated in this manner is then dried, and/or the material(b) is heated at 750-1,500.degree. C. for not less than 10 minutes.

Abstract: The activity and the service life of supported silver catalysts used in the preparation of ethylene oxide by the catalytic vapor phase oxidation of ethylene with molecular oxygen are extended by using mixtures of:(a) supported silver catalysts and promoter metal compounds;(b) supported silver catalysts and supported promoter metal compounds;(c) promoter metal compound treated supported silver catalysts and promoter metal compounds; or(d) promoter metal compound treated supported silver catalysts and supported promoter metal compounds.Promoter metal compounds containing about 0.001-0.05% by weight rubidium, about 0.01-0.20% by weight potassium, about 0.001-0.5% by weight cesium or about 0.01-0.25% by weight barium, based on the total weight of catalyst, are suitable.