Abstract: In alternative embodiments, the invention provides phosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C (PI-PLC) enzymes, nucleic acids encoding them, antibodies that bind specifically to them, and methods for making and using them. Industrial methods and products comprising use of these phospholipases are also provided. In certain embodiments, provided herein are methods for hydration of non hydratable phospholipids (NHPs) within a lipid matrix. The methods enable migration of NHPs to an oil-water interface thereby allowing the NHPs to be reacted and/or removed from the lipids. In certain embodiments, provided is a method for removing NHPs, hydratable phospholipids, and lecithins from vegetable oils to produce a degummed oil or fat product that can be used for food production and/or non-food applications. In certain embodiments, provided herein are methods for hydration of NHPs followed by enzymatic treatment and removal of various phospholipids and lecithins.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to compositions and methods of their use. More specifically, the invention relates to the use of a compound in modulating erythropoiesis in a subject by mediating the activity and/or quantity of a member present in the LPA3-mediated signaling pathway, such as lysophosphatidic acid receptor subtype 3 (LPA3).

Abstract: Provided is a taste improver that improves or decreases unpleasant bitterness, astringent taste, harsh taste, bitter taste, or the like that results from potassium salts, magnesium salts, calcium salts, and ammonium salts without adversely affecting savoriness of a food or drink. The taste improver includes a vegetable extract and/or a phospholipid. In the taste improver, the aforementioned vegetable extract includes a vegetable-derived glycoside and/or glycoside aglycone. In the taste improver, the aforementioned phospholipid is phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, phosphatidylethanolamine, phosphatidylinositol, and/or a lyso form thereof. Arginine is further added to the aforementioned taste improver. Trehalose and/or hydrogenated starch syrup are further added to the taste improver.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liver function-protecting agent which comprises a phospholipid as an active ingredient, and which can exhibit an excellent prophylactic and ameliorating effect on the deterioration in the liver function when ingested orally. Also disclosed is a liver function-protecting food, beverage or feed. The phospholipid is preferably one derived from milk or a milk material. Alternatively, the phospholipid may be used in the form of a phospholipid-containing composition prepared from milk or a milk material and containing the phospholipid in an amount of 10 wt % or more relative to the total solid content.

Abstract: The present invention concerns phospholipid compositions having a relatively high concentration of compounds of the following structure (I): wherein at least one of R1 and R2 is palmitoleoyl, myristoleoyl or lauroleoyl and methods for their preparation. The present invention also concerns the use of these phospholipid compositions to treat a variety of disorders by administering the composition to a patient in need thereof.

Abstract: The present invention discloses processes for the preparation of phosphatides and salts thereof, the processes including the steps of: using at least one raw material lecithin as a substrate and a water-insoluble surfactant-matrix material having a particulate size greater than about 0.01 mm; and enzymatically processing at least one raw material lecithin with the water-insoluble surfactant-matrix material, phospholipase-D, racemic or enantiomerically-pure serine, amino acid, and/or amine and salts in a pH-buffered aqueous solution, wherein the step of processing is performed in a single-phase reaction environment, to produce phosphatides, or the salts thereof, having a structural fatty-acid chain derived from at least one raw material lecithin. Preferably, the step of processing is performed in the presence of a buffer having a pH in the range of about 4.5-8.0. Preferably, the step of processing is performed in the presence of a calcium salt.

Abstract: Chemically-modified triglycerides are prepared by reacting epoxidized triglyceride oils with phosphorus-based acid hydroxide or esters. The phosphorus-containing triglyceride derivatives are of the formula: wherein R1?, R2? and R3? are independently selected from C3 to C29 aliphatic fatty acid residues, at least one of which comprising one or both of the derivatized methylene groups of the formula: wherein m is 0, 1 or 2, n is 0 or 1, q is 1, 2 or 3, and R and R? are independently selected from the group consisting of H, straight, branched or cyclic hydrocarbons and substituted hydrocarbons, and aryl groups. The phosphorus-containing triglyceride derivatives so produced have utility as antiwear/antifriction additives for industrial oils and automotive applications.

Abstract: Novel synthetic routes, which are highly applicable for industrial preparation of therapeutically beneficial oxidized phospholipids are disclosed. Particularly, novel methods for efficiently preparing compounds having a glycerolic backbone and one or more oxidized moieties attached to the glycerolic backbone, which are devoid of column chromatography are disclosed. Further disclosed are novel methods of introducing phosphorous-containing moieties such as phosphate moieties to compounds having glycerolic backbone and intermediates formed thereby.

Abstract: Novel synthetic routes, which are highly applicable for industrial preparation of therapeutically beneficial oxidized phospholipids are disclosed. Particularly, novel methods for efficiently preparing compounds having a glycerolic backbone and one or more oxidized moieties attached to the glycerolic backbone, which are devoid of column chromatography are disclosed. Further disclosed are novel methods of introducing phosphorous-containing moieties such as phosphate moieties to compounds having glycerolic backbone and intermediates formed thereby.

Abstract: Activated fatty acids, pharmaceutical compositions including activated fatty acids, methods for using activated fatty acids to treat a variety of diseases, and methods for preparing activated fatty acids are provided herein.

Abstract: A specific lecithin composition comprising phospholipids and lysophospholipids is described that can be used as an animal feed additive for the improvement of digestibility parameters and consequently gut health and animal performance. In addition, the mixture possesses useful biological and chemical properties that can be utilized in the animal feed and human food industries. The composition is chemically characterized by means of HPLC-ELSD, HPLC-MS/MS and 31P-NMR and its biological functionalities are fully described.

Abstract: Provided herein are methods for treating conditions associated with a chemosensory receptor, including diabetes, obesity, and other metabolic diseases, disorders or conditions by administering a composition comprising a chemosensory receptor ligand. Also provided herein are chemosensory receptor ligand compositions and methods for the preparation thereof for use in the methods of the present invention.

Abstract: The present technology provides a cell based assay for identifying compounds that modulate store-operated ionic calcium levels using itpr mutant cell lines, such as itpr-ku cells, which have abnormal ionic calcium levels.

Abstract: Disclosed are fusion proteins, polynucleotides that encode the disclosed fusion proteins, and methods for expressing and autoprocessing of the disclosed fusion proteins to obtain a target protein. The disclosed fusion proteins include an autoproteolytic cysteine protease fused to a heterologous polypeptide, which may be isolated as the target protein. Preferably, the protease activity of the cysteine protease is inducible. Suitable autoproteolytic cysteine proteases for the fusion proteins include the cysteine protease of the Vibrio cholerae RTX toxin.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel phosphatidic acid phosphatase gene. The object of the present invention can be solved by providing a nucleotide sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 1 or SEQ ID NO: 7, SEQ ID NO: 4 or SEQ ID NO: 9, or SEQ ID NO: 5 or SEQ ID NO: 10; and an amino acid sequence set forth in SEQ ID NO: 2 or SEQ ID NO: 6.

Abstract: New diacylglycerol-polyethylene glycol (DAG-PEG) conjugates are described. A variety of linkers between the PEG chain and glycerol backbone of the DAG-PEGs may be selected to optimize liposomal formulations of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Abstract: The invention generally relates to compositions and methods of their use. More specifically, the invention relates to the use of a compound in modulating erythropoiesis in a subject by mediating the activity and/or quantity of a member present in the LPA3-mediated signaling pathway, such as lysophosphatidic acid receptor subtype 3 (LPA3).

Abstract: A method of selectively separating a phospholipid from a sample solution containing the phospholipid is provided. The method comprises: adsorbing calcium ions to a filler, at least a surface of the filler being constituted of a calcium phosphate-based compound; supplying the sample solution into an apparatus having a filling space, wherein the filling space being filled with the filler so that the phospholipid contained in the sample solution is adsorbed to the filler through the calcium ions; supplying an organic solvent-based eluate into the filling space of the apparatus to obtain a liquid containing the phospholipid and discharged from the apparatus; and fractionating the obtained liquid per a predetermined amount to thereby separate the phospholipid from the sample solution.

Abstract: The invention relates to a stable water soluble composition containing lithophosphatidylethanol amine (LPE) or lecithin including the LPE 3% or more. The composition comprises one or both of lysophosphatidylethanol amine and lecithin 0.1 to 50 wt %, fatty acid or salt thereof 0.1 to 60 wt % and solvent 10 to 99.8 wt %. According to the invention, it is possible to provide the stable water soluble composition of lithophosphatidylethanolamine and lecithin which does not cause the precipitation at the room temperature below 20° C. and can maintain the clear formulation even during the long term keeping.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for analysis of fat-soluble components, in particular fat-soluble dyes, from biological materials, in particular foods and feeds, having facilitated extraction of the fat-soluble components from the biological materials with use of suitable dilution solutions and of the extractability using pertinent organic solvents or organic solvent mixtures and also an enrichment and separation method, with subsequent digital evaluation and documentation. It is proposed to treat the biological materials first with a dilution medium which makes the fat-soluble components more readily extractable from the complex biological matrix and subsequently with at least one organic solvent which extracts the components; the substances extracted into the organic supernatant are subsequently chromatographically enriched and separated and then visually assessed and/or measured.

Abstract: The present invention relates to inositol phosphate derivatives, in which the inositol phosphate is substituted with one or two reactive groups G or one or two conjugated substances or molecules M, said reactive group(s) G or said substance(s) or molecule(s) M being linked to IP1 via a linkage group L, M being chosen from the following group: a tracer, an immunogen, a member of a binding partner pair, a solid support. Application: tools allowing the study of the inositol phosphate cycle and therefore, indirectly, the study of seven transmembrane domain receptors coupled to phospholipase C, receptors having a tyrosine kinase activity, and in general enzymes involved in the variations of the intracellular concentration of IP1.

Abstract: A process for purifying a lipid composition having predominantly neutral lipid components having at least one long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid is disclosed. The process employs contacting the lipid composition with a polar solvent, such as acetone, wherein the solvent is selected such that contaminants are less soluble in the solvent than is the long chain polyunsaturated fatty acid. The process is typically conducted at cooler temperatures, including about 0° C. Upon precipitation of the contaminants from the lipid composition, a separation is conducted to remove the precipitated material from the lipid composition. The long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids can include ARA, DPA, EPA, and/or DHA. The process of the present invention effectively winterizes lipid compositions, thereby reducing the tendency of such compositions to become hazy.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating neuronal damage and neurological diseases, and more particularly, to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating neuronal damage and neurological diseases containing, as active ingredients, any one or two or more compounds selected from a group consisting of the compound of chemical formula 1, the compound of chemical formula 2, and the acceptable salts thereof. The pharmaceutical composition repairs nerve tissue damaged by herpes zoster to reduce the acute pain caused by herpes zoster, prevents postherpetic neuralgia, and enables a fundamental treatment through the recovery of nerve tissue in the postherpetic neuralgia.

Abstract: Liposomes of constrained particle size are prepared by substantially continuously mixing substantially continuously flowing streams of water, and of an organic solvent contain lipid(s) capable of forming liposomes, and cooling the mixture so liposomes form, the ratio of the flow rate of the stream of water to the flow rate of the stream of organic solvent, and the rate of cooling of said mixture, being controlled so as to obtain a preparation of liposomes such that at least about 90% of the liposomes are of a particle size less than about 200 nm.

Abstract: Low levels of antibodies reactive with oxidised Cardiolipin (oxCL) in mammals are related to an increased risk of developing cardiovascular diseases, auto-immune diseases or inflammatory conditions. High levels can have a protective function and in general there is a negative association between manifestations of these conditions and antibodies against oxCL. Thus, based on their relations methods of monitoring, determining and diagnosing as well as methods of immunisation and therapy of these diseases and conditions are provided.

Abstract: Described herein is a composition for converting a non-pathogenic prion protein (“PrPN”) into a prion protein in a pathogenic conformation (“PrPPath”) comprising a lipid and a polyanion. Also described are methods of (1) using the composition to convert a PrPN to a PrPPath, (2) identifying a potential therapeutic substance affecting PrPPath, and (3) diagnosing PrPPath infection in a subject using the composition and at least one cycle of protein misfolding cyclic amplification.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to natural and synthetic inositolphospholipid (IPL) materials, their preparation and applications. They provide compositions of the parent IPL comprising phosphatidylinositol (PI), PI-phosphates (phosphoinositides) and derivatives and analogues, and a process for their production starting from natural IPL. The embodiments further provide functional derivatives of PI for biomedical applications including a platform for drug design and delivery to therapeutic targets in the phosphoinositide mediated cellular signaling and allied cascades. The embodiments pertain to IPL having absolute stereo-structure. The embodiments further pertain to unique IPL and PI product compositions for defined applications, particularly pharmaceutical compositions for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases related to aberrant cellular and nuclear signaling mediated by PI and PI derived phosphates, and associated phosphoinositide specific enzymes including PI-PLC and PI 3-kinase.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of efficiently and stably producing LCPUFA-PL. Specifically, the invention provides a method for producing phospholipids that contain LCPUFA as a constituent (LCPUFA-PL), wherein lipid producing cells producing lipids that contain long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are used as a starting material, the method including a PL extracting step of extracting phospholipids (PL) from defatted cells obtained by extracting triglyceride (TG)-containing oil or fat from the lipid producing cells.

Abstract: Phospholipid-analogous compounds of the general formula (I) in which A is where R1 and R2 are, independently of one another, hydrogen, a saturated or unsaturated acyl or alkyl radical which can optionally be branched or/and substituted, where the total of the carbon atoms in the acyl and alkyl is 16 to 44 carbon atoms, s is an integer from 0 to 8, c is a radical of a primary or secondary alcohol of the formula RO—, where R is a saturated or unsaturated alkyl radical, mainly with cis double bond, of from 12 to 30 carbon atoms, n is an integer from 2 to 8, R3— a can be 1,2-dihydroxypropyl or b can be alkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms when z is >0 or c can be alkyl with 1 to 3 carbon atoms when n?2, and z=0, m is 1 or 2, x is an integer from 0 to 8, y is 1 for z=1 to 5 or is 1 to 4 for z=1, z is an integer from 0 to 5, are novel and are suitable as liposome constituents, solubilizers and pharmaceuticals.

Abstract: A method for processing vegetable oil miscella is provided. The method includes steps of feeding vegetable oil miscella to a conditioned polymeric microfiltration membrane, and recovering a permeate stream having a decreased weight percent of phospholipids compared with the weight percent of phospholipids provided in the miscella. The retentate stream can be further processed for the recovery of lecithin. The polymeric microfiltration membrane can be conditioned for the selective separation of phospholipids in the miscella. A method for conditioning a membrane for selective separation of phospholipids from vegetable oil miscella, and the resulting membrane, are provided. The membrane which can be conditioned can be characterized as having an average pore size of between about 0.1? and about 2?.

Abstract: Embodiments of the invention relate to natural and synthetic inositolphospholipid (IPL) materials, their preparation and applications. They provide compositions of the parent IPL comprising phosphatidylinositol (PI), PI-phosphates (phosphoinositides) and derivatives and analogues, and a process for their production starting from natural IPL. The embodiments further provide functional derivatives of PI for biomedical applications including a platform for drug design and delivery to therapeutic targets in the phosphoinositide mediated cellular signaling and allied cascades. The embodiments pertain to IPL having absolute stereo-structure. The embodiments further pertain to unique IPL and PI product compositions for defined applications, particularly pharmaceutical compositions for prophylaxis and treatment of diseases related to aberrant cellular and nuclear signaling mediated by PI and PI derived phosphates, and associated phosphoinositide specific enzymes including PI-PLC and PI 3-kinase.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the regioselective preparation of glycerol derivative in a high efficiency and yield. The process for the regioselective preparation of 1-R1-2-R2-3-acetyl-glycerol derivative comprises the steps of: obtaining 1-R1-3-protecting group-glycerol by introducing a protecting group to 3-position of 1-R1-glycerol; obtaining 1-R1-2-R2-3-protecting group-glycerol by introducing R2 group into 2-position of 1-R1-3-protecting group-glycerol; and carrying out the deprotection reaction and the acetylation reaction of 1-R1-2-R2-3-protecting group-glycerol at the same time. Wherein, R1 and R2 are fatty acid groups having 16 to 22 carbon atoms, and are different from each other; and the protecting group is trityl group or trialkylsilyl group.

Abstract: Novel marine lipid compositions comprising triglycerides and omega-3 rich phospholipids are described. The compositions are characterized by providing highly bioavailable omega-3, increased tissue incorporation of omega-3 and reduced concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of efficiently and stably producing LCPUFA-PL. Specifically, the invention provides a method for producing phospholipids that contain LCPUFA as a constituent (LCPUFA-PL), wherein lipid producing cells producing lipids that contain long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are used as a starting material, the method including a PL extracting step of extracting phospholipids (PL) from defatted cells obtained by extracting triglyceride (TG)-containing oil or fat from the lipid producing cells.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method of efficiently and stably producing LCPUFA-PL. Specifically, the invention provides a method for producing phospholipids that contain LCPUFA as a constituent (LCPUFA-PL), wherein lipid producing cells producing lipids that contain long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LCPUFA) are used as a starting material, the method including a PL extracting step of extracting phospholipids (PL) from defatted cells obtained by extracting triglyceride (TG)-containing oil or fat from the lipid producing cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds, as well as to compositions, methods and kits comprising such compounds, for use in the treatment or prophylaxis of fibromyalgia, chronic fatigue syndrome, myofascial pain syndrome, Gulf War syndrome and related conditions, wherein the compound is a fatty acid oxidation inhibitor and/or a carbohydrate oxidation activator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a liver function-protecting agent which comprises a phospholipid as an active ingredient, and which can exhibit an excellent prophylactic and ameliorating effect on the deterioration in the liver function when ingested orally. Also disclosed is a liver function-protecting food, beverage or feed. The phospholipid is preferably one derived from milk or a milk material. Alternatively, the phospholipid may be used in the form of a phospholipid-containing composition prepared from milk or a milk material and containing the phospholipid in an amount of 10 wt % or more relative to the total solid content.

Abstract: The disclosure is generally directed to methods and compositions for modulating keratinocyte function, more particularly, to compositions and methods for normalizing keratinocyte proliferation and differentiation, compositions and methods for modulating levels of phosphatidylglycerol (PG) in keratinocyes, and compositions and methods for treating skin conditions by modulating keratinocyte proliferation.

Abstract: New diacylglycerol-polyethylene glycol (DAG-PEG) conjugates are described. A variety of linkers between the PEG chain and glycerol backbone of the DAG-PEGs may be selected to optimize liposomal formulations of pharmaceuticals and cosmetics.

Abstract: Polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipid conjugates, polyethylene glycol (PEG)-lipid conjugate based drug delivery systems, ways to make them and methods of treating diseases using them are disclosed.

Abstract: Compositions and methods for making and using anti-LPA agents, for example, monoclonal antibodies, are described. Variable domain and complementarity determining region amino acid sequences of several monoclonal antibodies against LPA are disclosed, as is a consensus anti-LPA monoclonal antibody variable domain sequence.

Abstract: The present invention discloses processes for the preparation of phosphatides and salts thereof, the processes including the steps of using at least one raw material lecithin as a substrate and a water-insoluble surfactant-matrix material having a particulate size greater than about 0.01 mm; and enzymatically processing at least one raw material lecithin with the water-insoluble surfactant-matrix material, phospholipase-D, racemic or enantiomerically-pure amino acid, and/or amine and salts in a pH-buffered aqueous solution, wherein the step of processing is performed in a single-phase reaction environment, to produce phosphatides, or the salts thereof, having a structural fatty-acid chain derived from at least one raw material lecithin. Preferably, the step of processing is performed in the presence of a buffer having a pH in the range of about 4.5-8.0. Preferably, the step of processing is performed in the presence of a calcium salt.

Abstract: Optionally O-substituted glycero-phosphoinositol derivatives, their analogues and their salts wherein the substitutents: R?1, R?2, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6 have the described meaning, their synthesis and their pharmacological effect as modulators of the activation or over-stimulation of cPLA2.

Abstract: Disclosed is a process for the regioselective preparation of glycerol derivative in a high efficiency and yield. The process for the regioselective preparation of 1-R1-2-R2-3-acetyl-glycerol derivative comprises the steps of: obtaining 1-R1-3-protecting group-glycerol by introducing a protecting group to 3-position of 1-R1-glycerol; obtaining 1-R1-2-R2-3-protecting group-glycerol by introducing R2 group into 2-position of 1-R1-3-protecting group-glycerol; and carrying out the deprotection reaction and the acetylation reaction of 1-R1-2-R2-3-protecting group-glycerol at the same time. Wherein, R1 and R2 are fatty acid groups having 16 to 22 carbon atoms, and are different from each other; and the protecting group is trityl group or trialkylsilyl group.

Abstract: A polyoxyalkylene chain-containing lipid derivative, which is represented by the following formula (1): wherein L, Y, W, X1, X2, X3, OA, Z, m1, m2, m3, n1, n2 and n3 are as defined in the specification.

Abstract: A phospholipid derivative represented by the formula (1) (Z represents a residue of a compound having 3 to 10 hydroxyl groups; AO represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms; R1CO and R2CO represent an acyl group having 8 to 22 carbon atoms; X represents hydrogen atom, an alkali metal atom, ammonium or an organic ammonium; “a” represents an integer of 0 to 4; “b” represents 0 or 1; Q represents hydrogen atom or methyl group; m represents an average number of moles of the oxyalkylene group added; and m, k1, k2, and k3 are numbers satisfying the following conditions: 3?m?200, 9?m×(k1+k2+k3)?1000, 1?k1?2, 0?k2?9 and 0?k3?9, and 3?k1+k2+k3?10), which is highly safe for living bodies, and is suitably used for solubilization and dispersion of physiologically active substances and the like, or in the fields of drug delivery systems such as liposomes and cosmetics.

Abstract: A method for isolating one compound or more than one compound from a biomass which contains microorganisms that have produced the compound or compounds, the method comprising the following steps: (a) preparing or obtaining wet cells having an average moisture content of between 30% and 80%; (b) subjecting the wet cells to primary drying to obtain primary dried cells having an average moisture content of between 5% and 50%; (c) subjecting the primary dried cells obtained in (b) to secondary drying to obtain secondary dried cells having an average moisture content of no greater than 10%; and (d) extracting or isolating, purifying and/or refining the compound or each of the compounds from the secondary dried cells obtained in (c).

Abstract: A compound represented by the following general formula (IA) or a salt thereof: wherein Ar1 represents hydrogen atom or an aryl group having at least one iodine atom as a substituent; Ar2 represents an aryl group having at least one iodine atom as a substituent; L1 and L2 independently represent a divalent bridging group of which main chain contains 6 or more carbon atoms; L3 represents a single bond or a divalent bridging group of which main chain contains 1 to 6 carbon atoms and one oxygen atom; X represents a functional group containing at least one heteroatom, provided that, when L3 is a single bond, X represents a functional group other than hydroxyl group. The compound can be used as a membrane component of liposomes, and the liposomes can be used as a contrast medium for X-ray radiography.

Abstract: In order to form liposomes with a longer half-life in blood, use is made of defined formula (A)

Abstract: The invention provides anti-apoptotic compositions containing lysophosphatidic acids and methods for making and using the compositions. Such compositions may also contain LPA potentiating agents, including proteins, lipid membrane structures and polymers such as polyethylene glycols. The compositions can additionally contain other pharmaceutically effective agents such as drugs, antibiotics, wound healing agents and antioxidants.