Abstract: A lubricating oil composition is provided which is excellent in oxidation stability, base number retention properties, anti-wear properties, extreme pressure properties and anti-corrosion properties and is a low phosphorus and low sulfur lubricating oil composition particularly suitable for internal combustion engines. The composition comprises a lubricating base oil, (A) at least one type selected from the group consisting of metal salts of sulfur-free phosphorus-containing acidic organic compounds, (B) at least one type selected from the group consisting of phosphorus-containing carboxylic acid compounds and metal salts thereof, and (C) at least one type selected from the group consisting of anti-oxidants.

Abstract: Solid substrates with free hydroxyl groups are phosphorylated by thermolysing a solution of phosphoramidate of the formula ##STR1## in the presence of the substrate, whereby metaphosphate is generated which phosphorylates the substrate.

Abstract: To obtain an enhanced two-dimensional image of a raised, light-reflective reflective feature (12), and its lower height surrounding background such that the contrast between them is enhanced, a line of light having a gradient profile is directed at an acute angle at the feature and its background to illuminate a strip of area thereacross. The reflectance intensity of the illuminated strip will vary in accordance with the height thereof because of the gradient intensity profile of the line of light. When the line of light is spanned across the feature and its background, the resultant image of the feature and its background, captured by spanning a linescan camera (24) thereacross, will exhibit an enhanced contrast between the feature and its background because of the greater height of the feature.

Abstract: Flame retardant additive compositions for flexible polyurethane foam comprise pentabromodiphenyl ether and non-mutagenic halogenated alkyl phosphate ester mixtures of the formula: ##STR1##

Abstract: An increase in the disastereoselectivity resulting from the reaction of a phosphinic acid ester of the formula ##STR1## with the halo ester of the formula ##STR2## is achieved by carrying out the reaction in the presence of 4-methylmorpholine, diazabicyclooctane, quinuclidine, 1-methylpyrolidine, or cinchonidine. After removal of the R.sub.3 protecting group and fractional crystallization, the resulting desired diastereomeric pair can be resolved, and the desired isomer can be coupled to 4-substituted L-proline to give compounds possessing angiotensin converting enzyme inhibition activity. In particular, the process is useful in producing the antihypertensive agent fosinopril sodium in increased yields.

Abstract: O,S-dialkyl S-[carbamyloxyalkyl] dithiophosphates of the general formula (I) ##STR1## where, independently of one another, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each alkyl of not more than 4 carbon atoms and R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each hydrogen or alkyl of not more than 6 carbon atoms, or R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are bonded, form a saturated or olefinically unsaturated ring which contains not more than 6 carbon atoms and may or may not contain one or more oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen atoms, are used for controlling insects or mites.