Abstract: Methods and systems utilizing gas jets to carry biomass into a biomass conversion reactor are described. Reactor configurations and conditions for carrying out processes utilizing the gas jets are also described. The use of gas jets has been found to be especially desirable for operation with pyrolysis of biomass in catalytic fluidized bed reactors.

Abstract: A low-corrosion fire-resistant thermoplastic resin composition comprising a thermoplastic resin, a phosphinic acid salt flame retardant, a reinforced glass fiber, and a rare earth metal salt corrosion inhibitor. The resin composition improves the corrosion resistance and mechanical performance of the metal to a great extent while maintaining the high flame resistance.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing mono-hydroxyfunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acids and esters and salts thereof by means of acroleins, characterized in that a) a phosphinic acid source (I) is reacted with olefins (IV) to yield an alkylphosphonic acid, salt or ester (II) thereof in the presence of a catalyst A, b) the thus obtained alkylphosphonic acid, salt or ester (II) thereof is reacted with compounds of formula (V) to yield a mono-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivatives (IV) in the presence of a catalyst B, and c) the thus obtained mono-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivatives (VI) are reacted to yield a mono-hydroxyfunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivative (III) in the presence of a catalyst C, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 are the same or different and stand independently of each other, among other things, for H, C1-C18 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C6-C6-C18 aralkyl, C6-C18 alkylaryl, and X stands for H, C1-C18 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C6-C18 aralkyl, C6-C18 alkylaryl, M

Abstract: A process is provided for preparing a salt of a hydroxy-substituted ester of phosphoric acid, comprising: (a) reacting a phosphate diester with an alkylene oxide, (b) reacting the product mixture of step (a) with a phosphating agent; and (c) reacting the product mixture of step (b) with an amine; wherein the phosphate diester is reacted with the alkylene oxide of step (a) in the substantial absence of a phosphate monoester. The product is useful as an antiwear agent.

Abstract: The invention relates to a mono-substituted phosphinic acid and to the use thereof as a regulator in radical polymerization. Such regulators do not result in the formation of poorly soluble salts, and in addition, the polymers produced with the regulators according to the invention are characterized by a uniform polymerization degree having a narrow size distribution. In addition, the invention relates to a method for producing such mono-substituted phosphinic acids.

Abstract: The invention relates to alkylphosphonous acids, salts and esters of formula (I) A-P(?O)(OX)—H (I) wherein A is C2-C20alkyl, C2-C20alkylene, and C8-C20 alkaryl are optionally substituted, and X is H, alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl, alkenyl, substituted alkyl, aryl, alkaryl, alkenyl, ammonium, primary, secondary, tertiary, quaternary alkyl and/or aryl ammonium, an alkali metal, an alkaline earth metal, a metal of the third and fourth main group and the second, fourth and eight sub-group or a metal of the lanthanoid group. The invention also relates to methods for producing same and to the uses of said compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing mono-hydroxyfunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acids and esters and salts thereof by means of acroleins, characterized in that a) a phosphinic acid source (I) is reacted with olefins (IV) to yield an alkylphosphonic acid, salt or ester (II) thereof in the presence of a catalyst A, b) the thus obtained alkylphosphonic acid, salt or ester (II) thereof is reacted with compounds of formula (V) to yield a mono-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivatives (IV) in the presence of a catalyst B, and c) the thus obtained mono-functionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivatives (VI) are reacted to yield a mono-hydroxyfunctionalized dialkylphosphinic acid derivative (III) in the presence of a catalyst C, wherein R1, R2, R3, R4, R5, R6, R7 are the same or different and stand independently of each other, among other things, for H, C1-C18 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C6-C6-C18 aralkyl, C6-C18 alkylaryl, and X stands for H, C1-C18 alkyl, C6-C18 aryl, C6-C18 aralkyl, C6-C18 alkylaryl, M

Abstract: Phosphate esters useful for gelling hydrocarbons in combination with a metal source are disclosed along with methods of preparation of the phosphate esters. Fouling in oil refinery towers has been attributed due to distillation of impurities present in phosphate esters used to gel hydrocarbons for oil well fracturing. The improved method of preparation of the phosphate ester results in a product that substantially reduces or eliminates volatile phosphorus, which is phosphorus impurities that distill up to 250° C., and increases the high temperature viscosity of the hydrocarbon gels formed using the phosphate esters.

Abstract: Phosphate esters useful for gelling hydrocarbons in combination with a metal source are disclosed along with methods of preparation of the phosphate esters. Fouling in oil refinery towers has been attributed due to distillation of impurities present in phosphate esters used to gel hydrocarbons for oil well fracturing. The improved method of preparation of the phosphate ester results in a product that substantially reduces or eliminates volatile phosphorus, which is phosphorus impurities that distill up to 250° C., and increases the high temperature viscosity of the hydrocarbon gels formed using the phosphate esters.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for producing a phosphate, which includes reacting a phosphorus pentaoxide-containing phosphorylating agent with an organic hydroxy compound, the reaction being carried out at a reaction temperature of 50 to 70° C. until the degree (w) of remaining phosphorus pentaoxide undissolved in a reaction solution, defined by the following equation (1), is reduced to 15 wt % or less: W=[1?(AVt?AVp)/AV0]×100??(1) wherein W is the degree [wt %] of remaining phosphorus pentaoxide undissolved in a reaction solution; AVt is the acid value [mg KOH/g] of the reaction solution excluding undissolved phosphorus pentaoxide in an arbitrary time; AVp is the theoretical acid value [mg KOH/g] of the phosphorylating agent excluding undissolved phosphorus pentaoxide; and AV0 is the theoretical acid value [mg KOH/g] of phosphorus pentaoxide.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a liquid textile-pretreating agent useful in all continuous and batch pretreatment operations which is based on phosphoric esters of alkoxylated Guerbet alcohols and is very stable to alkali not only in the formulation but also in the liquor. It is usually used in the form of an aqueous composition having an active content in the range from 40% to 70% by weight, with or without 0.1% to 3.5% by weight of further auxiliary materials, examples being surfactants, biocides, defoamers or foam suppressants.

Abstract: Provided are a process for producing a phosphate and a process for stabilizing a phosphate, the phosphate being an acid-form phosphate wherein an organic hydroxy compound is an alkylene oxide adduct. A production process of a phosphate and a stabilization process of a phosphate, including the step 1 of reacting an organic hydroxy compound represented by the following general formula (I) with a phosphorylating agent: R1—O—(AO)n—H??(I) wherein R1 represents a straight or branched alkyl group or alkenyl group having 6 to 36 carbon atoms, AO represents an oxyalkylene group having 2 to 4 carbon atoms, and n is a number of 0.1 to 100 on the average; the step 2 of purifying the reaction product obtained in the step 1 until the content of the organic hydroxy compound that has not yet reacted becomes 2% or less by weight; and the step 3 of adding water to the purified product obtained in the step 2 at such a ratio that the content of water in the final product is from 0.5 to 10% by weight.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of (metal) salts of alkylphosphonous acids, which comprises reacting elemental yellow phosphorus with alkyl halides in the presence of carbonates, bicarbonates, amides, alkoxides, amine bases and/or solid hydroxides as bases. The invention also relates to the use of the (metal) salts of alkylphosphonous acids prepared by this process.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of (metal) salts of alkylphosphonous acids, which comprises reacting elemental yellow phosphorus with halogen-free alkylating agents in the presence of at least one base. The invention also relates to the use of the (metal) salts of alkylphosphonous acids prepared by this process.

Abstract: Provided are a process for producing a phosphate and a process for stabilizing a phosphate, the phosphate being an acid-form phosphate wherein an organic hydroxy compound is an alkylene oxide adduct.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method of preparing O,O-dialkyl S-[2-(alkylthio)alkyl]phosphorodithioates by treating -O,O-dialkyl dithiophosphoric acids with a base in the substantial absence of organic solvent to obtain O,O-dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid salts that are in turn treated with thioalcohol derivatives to form the O,O-dialkyl S-[2-(alkylthio)alkyl]phosphorodithioates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of alkylphosphonous acid esters which comprises a) reacting elemental yellow phosphorus with alkylating agents in the presence of a base to give a mixture which comprises, as principal constituents, the (metal) salts of alkylphosphonous, phosphorous and hypophosphorous acids, b) esterifying the principal constituents of the mixture from a) to give an ester mixture, c) isolating the ester of the alkylphosphonous acid from the ester mixture. The invention likewise relates to the use of the alkylphosphonous acid esters prepared by this process as precursors for further syntheses, inter alia for the preparation of crop protection agents.

Abstract: Process for obtaining mixtures of phosphoric mono- and diesters having the formula:

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of dialkylphosphinic acids and salts thereof, which comprises a) reacting elemental yellow phosphorus with alkylating agents in the presence of a base to give a mixture which comprises, as principal constituents, the (metal) salts of alkylphosphonous, phosphorous and hypophosphorous acids, b) esterifying the principal constituents of the mixture from a) to give an ester mixture, c) isolating the ester of the alkylphosphonous acid from the ester mixture, d) preparing the corresponding ester of the dialkylphosphinic acid from the ester of the alkylphosphonous acid by free-radical-initiated reaction with olefins, e) converting the ester of the dialkylphosphinic acid into the free acid or into the dialkylphosphinic acid salts of metals from groups IA, IIA, IIIA, IVA, VA, IIB, IVB, VIIB or VIIIB of the Periodic Table or of cerium.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of phosphate esters for the improvement of water solubility of salicylic acid and stability of peroxide compounds in an aqueous cleanser.

Abstract: Compounds represented by the formulae (I) and (II) in which:R.sup.1 =H or CH.sub.3 ;X=O or S;R.sup.2 =C.sub.1-12 straight-chain or branched alkylene groups, monocyclic or polycyclic cycloalkylene and heterocycloalkylene groups, alkylarylene and arylalkylene groups;R.sup.6 =H or C.sub.1-12 alkyl and aryl radicals;R.sup.3 =C.sub.1-20 alkyl and aryl radicals, --(CH.sub.2).sub.p SR.sup.4 groups where p=integer from 2 to 12 and R.sup.4 =C.sub.1-20 alkyl, and ##STR1## where q is an integer from 2 to 12 and R.sup.5 =H or CH.sub.3.

Abstract: Heterosubstituted acetals of the formula ##STR1## can be obtained by reacting vinyl compounds of the formulaCH.sub.2 .dbd.CH-A.sup.1 (II)with alkyl nitrites of the formulaR.sup.1 --ONO (III.)The reaction is performed in the presence of palladium in metallic or bonded form and in alcohols or ethers as reaction medium at from 0.degree. to 120.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel indane and quinoline derivatives, useful, for example, as antiischemic agents, having the formula ##STR1## where A, X, R.sub.1 -R.sub.7 are as defined herein, are disclosed.

Abstract: This invention relates to new phosphorus-containing duromers of oligophosphites and epoxides or bisacrylates or unsaturated polyesters.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 independently of one another are C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, phenyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 phenylalkyl or halogen, R.sub.2 is additionally hydrogen and R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 independently of one another are C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, phenyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.18 alkylphenyl, which comprises reacting a phenol of the formula II ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 to R.sub.3 have the meaning described above, with formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde, an amine of the formula IIINR.sub.4 R.sub.5 R.sub.6 IIIin which R.sub.4 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 independently of one another are hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, and a phosphite of the formula IV ##STR3## in which R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 have the meaning described above and R.sub.9 has the meaning given for R.sub.7 and R.sub.8, at a temperature of 0.degree.-200.degree. C.

Abstract: Compounds having the formula I: ##STR1## wherein M.sub.1, M.sub.2, M.sub.3 , independently, are hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkkyl, phenyl, a monovalent or an equivalent of a polyvalent metal atom, ammonium or a substituted ammonium ion; R.sub.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituted by one or more hydroxy or carboxyl groups; and p is an integer.The new compounds are useful in the treatment of aqueous systems, in particular to inhibit scale deposition from aqueous systems.

Abstract: A (trans 1-propenyl)disulfide derivative having a distinguished anti-tumor effect, represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## , wherein R is a lower alkylene group and R' is a hydrogen atom or a carboxyl protective group, is prepared by allowing a carboxylic acid thiol derivative, represented by the following general formula:AS--R--COOR', wherein R and R' have the same meanings as defined above and A is a thiol protective group releasable by a halogenating agent, to react with a trans 1-propenethiol derivative represented by the following general formula: ##STR2## , wherein A has the same meanings as defined above, in the presence of a halogenating agent.

Abstract: The present invention relates to microbiocidal compositions and methods for the preparation and use of of such compositions. Properly used in accordance with the present invention, these microbiocidal compositions are effective in killing or inhibiting a wide variety of harmful, destructive or offensive microorganisms including viruses, bacteria, yeasts, algae and molds. The microbiocidal compositions of the present invention are suitable for use with conventional detergents to provide microbiocidal cleansing agents. The microbiocidal compositions can also be mixed with a liquid to provide an effective disinfectant. The microbiocidal additive can be incorporated into plastic materials and various synthetic fibers thereby imparting microbiocidal activity to the plastic materials or fibers.

Abstract: Phosphinamides are prepared by the action of an organic halide on an oxazaphospholidine. Depending upon the configuration desired for the stereoisomer to be obtained, an oxazaphospholidine is utilized which has been derived from a (+) or (-) optically-active amino-alcohol. These phosphinamides are useful for the preparation of phosphinates, in particular optically-active phosphinates of known absolute configuration; for this, the phosphinamide is subjected to alcoholysis.

Abstract: A process for the production of aliphatylphosphinic acid derivatives, especially of alkyl dialkoxyalkylphosphinates having the formula I ##STR1## in which R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl and R' is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alkyl, comprising reacting, in the presence of an acidic catalyst, aqueous phosphonic acid with the corresponding trialkyl orthoester having the formula II:(RO).sub.3 CR' IIin whicih R and R' have their previous significances, the amount of the orthoester of formula II used being equal to, or in excess of the stoichiometric amount of both water and phosphinic acid present in the aqueous phosphinic acid reactant.

Abstract: A process for the direct esterification of o-phosphoric acid with aliphatic fatty alcohols and/or adducts thereof with alkylene oxides and alkylphenol alkoxylates, in the presence of a substoichiometric quantity of a basic, inorganic or organic compound and a water-entraining agent.

Abstract: Sulfurized olefins having no detectable reactive olefinic bonds, particularly sulfurized isobutylene, are reacted with dihydrocarbyl phosphates or phosphites. The resulting product is useful as an extreme pressure and wear additive for lube oil compositions.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of novel phosphorous containing compounds by the reaction of bicyclic amide acetals with certain types of phosphorous compounds is disclosed.