Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing aliphatic oligocarbonate polyols by transesterifying dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with an aliphatic polyol component.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for preparing aliphatic oligocarbonate diols by transesterifying dimethyl carbonate (DMC) with aliphatic diols.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the preparation and biological activity of 3-deoxy-Dmyo-inositol ether lipid analogs as inhibitors of phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase signaling and cancer cell growth. The compounds of the present invention are useful as anti-tumor 5 agents which effectively inhibit the growth of mammalian cells.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an aliphatic oligocarbonate diol comprising a) reacting an aliphatic diol with dimethyl carbonate at an elevated pressure in a reaction mixture, and b) subsequently removing unreacted methanol and dimethyl carbonate under a reduced pressure to uncap the terminal OH groups.

Abstract: Applicant has discovered an in situ method of preparing quaternary ammonium methocarbonate salts and quaternary ammonium alkylcarbonate salts in high yield from tertiary amines, methanol, and at least one of a cyclic carbonate, an aliphatic polyester (such as a polycarbonate), or an ester (such as a carbonate ester), and their subsequent conversion to quaternary ammonium bicarbonates, quaternary ammonium carbonates or both in a one-pot reaction. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method includes reacting an amine and methanol with at least one of a cyclic carbonate and an aliphatic polyester to yield a quaternary ammonium methocarbonate. This method does not produce or require the handling of corrosive quaternary ammonium hydroxides. Another embodiment is a method of preparing quaternary ammonium alkylcarbonate salts by reacting tertiary amines, methanol, and an ester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel covalent derivatives of alkanolamides of monocarboxylic and dicarboxylic acids with aminoalcohols of general formula (I) which can usefully be used as agonists of the CB2 cannabinoid receptor and hence as drugs active in pathological conditions which can be controlled by stimulation and/or costimulation of this receptor

Abstract: A process for the production of aliphatic oligocarbonate diols is disclosed. The optionally catalyzed high yield process entails the multistage transesterification of aliphatic diols with dimethyl carbonate. In the process DMC-methanol mixtures that have been distilled off are recycled to the reaction solution with further conversion and depletion of the contained DMC in the same or in a following reaction batch.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing an aliphatic oligocarbonate diol comprising a) reacting an aliphatic diol with dimethyl carbonate at an elevated pressure in a reaction mixture, and b) subsequently removing unreacted methanol and dimethyl carbonate under a reduced pressure to uncap the terminal OH groups.

Abstract: Applicant has discovered an in situ method of preparing quaternary ammonium methocarbonate salts and quaternary ammonium alkylcarbonate salts in high yield from tertiary amines, methanol, and at least one of a cyclic carbonate, an aliphatic polyester (such as a polycarbonate), or an ester (such as a carbonate ester), and their subsequent conversion to quaternary ammonium bicarbonates, quaternary ammonium carbonates or both in a one-pot reaction. According to one embodiment of the invention, the method includes reacting an amine and methanol with at least one of a cyclic carbonateand an aliphatic polyester to yield a quaternary ammonium methocarbonate. This method does not produce or require the handling of corrosive quaternary ammonium hydroxides. Another embodiment is a method of preparing quaternary ammonium alkylcarbonate salts by reacting tertiary amines, methanol, and an ester.

Abstract: Histone deacetylase is a metallo-enzyme with zinc at the active site. Compounds having a zinc-binding moiety, for example, an alpha-chalcogenmethylcarbonyl group, such as an alpha-ketothio group, can inhibit histone deacetylase. Histone deacetylase inhibition can repress gene expression, including expression of genes related to tumor suppression. Accordingly, inhibition of histone deacetylase can provide an alternate route for treating cancer, hematological disorders, e.g., hemoglobinopathies, autosomal dominant disorders, e.g. spinal muscular atrophy and Huntington's disease, genetic related metabolic disorders, e.g., cystic fibrosis and adrenoleukodystrophy, or for stimulating hematopoietic cells ex vivo.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided thermosetting resin compositions with a reduced propensity to shrink in volume upon cure and methods of use therefor. The compositions of the present invention include compounds having aromatic, rigid-rod like spacer groups between the crosslinkable moieties. As such, these compounds impart a degree of liquid crystal-like character to the thermosetting resin composition which results in lower shrinkage upon cure. This effect follows from the well-known expansion that occurs when liquid crystal-like materials pass from a nematic liquid crystal-like state to an isotropic state. Further provided by the present invention are low shrinkage die attach pastes and methods of use therefor.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel prodrugs of gabapentin and to pharmaceutical formulations and sustained release formulations containing the prodrugs.

Abstract: In a lithium battery comprising a positive electrode, a negative electrode and a gel electrolyte; the gel electrolyte is composed of at least an ester-group or ether-group aprotic polar solvent, a lithium salt and a polymeric compound, and the polymeric compound comprises a polymer of at least one compound among those expressed by an equation (I) and an equation (II). (k: zero or number of 1 or more, m: number of 1 or more, R1:CpH2p, R2:CqH2q, p≠q, p & q: integer of 1 or more, A: CH2═CH—CO— or CH2═C(CH3)—CO—, X: n-valent combination group (n: integer ranging from 1 to 4), r: zero or number of 1 or more, s: number of 1 or more, R3: CtH2t, R4: CuH2u, t≠u, t & u: integer of 1 or more).

Abstract: Novel carbonate compounds and novel carbamate compounds comprise at least one carbonate or carbamate moiety that is directly bonded only to groups selected from the group consisting of alkyl groups, cycloalkyl groups, alkenyl groups, cycloalkenyl groups, alkynyl groups, cycloalkynyl groups, and combinations thereof, the groups optionally containing one or more catenary heteroatoms. At least one of the directly-bonded groups comprises at least one sulfonyl moiety. The compounds are useful as solvents for the electrolyte salts used in electrochemical devices.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to novel substituted &agr;-hydroxy acid thereof, represented by the general Formula I: where R1-R5, X and Z are defined herein. The present invention also relates to the discovery that compounds having Formula I are potent inhibitors of caspases and apoptotic cell death. Therefore, the inhibitors of this invention can retard or block cell death in a variety of clinical conditions in which the loss of cells, tissues or entire organs occurs.

Abstract: The present invention provides a more economical method of producing multifunctional carbonate resins. It overcomes the disadvantage of using relatively expensive starting material, such as polyglycidyl ethers, that have traditionally been used. The present invention makes use of readily available and inexpensive multi-isocyanate compounds reacted with organic carbonates that contain pendant hydroxyl groups to produce products that contain two or more carbonate functionalities. One form of the present invention is a method for preparing a carbonate urethane compound by reacting a carbonate containing compound that also contains a reactive hydroxyl group with a compound containing at least two isocyanate groups. The reaction is performed in a solvent and in the presence of a base.

Abstract: The present invention provides a solid polymer electrolyte; a polymerizable composition having low viscosity and excellent processability for obtaining the solid polymer electrolyte; and a polymerizable compound having low viscosity, and good polymerizability and stability for use in the polymerizable composition. The present invention also provides primary and secondary batteries capable of working with high capacity and current; an electric double-layer capacitor ensuring high output voltage, large takeout current, and good processability; and an electrochromic device favored with high response speed. Each thereof use the solid polymer electrolyte of the present invention and are ensured with long life, excellent safety free of liquid leakage, high reliability and production at a low cost.

Abstract: A method is provided for co-producing dialkyl carbonate and alkanediol by reacting alkylene carbonate with alkanol in the presence of an amorphous aluminosilicate catalyst containing alkali metal, alkaline earth metal, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of aliphatic oligocarbonate diols bya) transesterifying dimethyl carbonate with aliphatic diols in the presence of soluble transesterification catalysts in a gas-liquid countercurrent apparatus to form oligocarbonates until the degree of conversion of the initial dimethyl carbonate is more than 80% andb) removing methanol and traces of dimethyl carbonate in an apparatus which generates gas bubbles in the oligocarbonates until the degree of capping of the terminal OH groups with methoxycarbonyl groups is less than 5%.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein A is a group of the formula ##STR2## and Z is an O or S atom, to the further processing thereof to form novel sec-amidoalkylcarbonic acid derivatives and to those sec-amidoalkylcarbonic acid derivatives.

Abstract: A process for alkoxylating an organic carbonate wherein an alkylene oxide is reacted with an organic carbonate such as a dialkyl carbonate in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a calcium-containing catalyst to produce alkoxylated carbonates.

Abstract: A process for preparing an organic compound, comprising conducting an organic reaction in the presence of a phosphine oxide represented by formula (1); ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is the same or different and each represents a hydrogen or hydrocarbon group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and x is the amount of water as a molar ratio which is 0 to 5.0, exhibiting a high catalytic performance especially in an organic reaction involving an alkylene oxide.

Abstract: A stabilized solution of fibrinogen containing samples, in particular a stabilized solution of the biological active component (BAC) which is a solution of proteins derived from blood plasma comprising fibrinogen, tranexamic acid and arginine or lysine or mixtures or arginine and lysine, their pharmaceutically acceptable salts, as well as, optionally, substances forming a buffered solution in aqueous medium.

Abstract: Compositions with protein kinase C-modulatory, anti-inflammatory and other activities are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for producing di-tert-butyl dicarbonate by continuously carrying out the following steps of reacting tert-butyl alcohol with sodium to form sodium tert-butoxide, reacting the sodium tert-butoxide with carbon dioxide to form mono-tert-butyl sodium carbonate, and reacting the mono-tert-butyl sodium carbonate with an aromatic sulfonyl halide such as p-toluenesulfonyl chloride in the presence of a tertiary amine such as N,N,N',N'-tetramethylethylenediamine, without isolating an intermediate in the middle of each reaction stage. This process is an industrially advantageous process for producing di-tert-butyl dicarbonate from tert-butyl alcohol and an alkali metal.

Abstract: A process for decolorizing organic carbonates, for example, cyclic alkylene carbonates, which involves contacting a discolored organic carbonate with hydrogen peroxide, is disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds having anti-inflammatory and other activities are disclosed. The compounds are derived from phorboids of the diterpene- and benzolactam-classes.

Abstract: A fuel additive which comprises a compound selected from a novel amine, oxygen-containing and nitrogen-containing compounds having selected structures. The inventive additive when blended with a gasoline serves to suppress sludge or deposits in fuel intake systems or combustion chambers for example of an automobile engine.

Abstract: Diesters of carbonic acid disubstituted with primary, secondary or tertiary amine groups, pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, and their use as antiviral and inti-inflammatory agents.

Abstract: This invention is a process for the preparation of a pyrocarbonic acid diester of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.1 ' are each, independently of the other, an optionally substituted branched or straight-chain C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.24 alkenyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.24 alkynyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, C.sub.4 -C.sub.12 cycloalkenyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.24 aralkyl,by reacting at least one ester carbonate of formula (II) ##STR2## with 40-50 mol % of a sulfochloride of formula (IV) ##STR3## in the presence of 0.8-5 mol % of a catalyst of formula (V) ##STR4## and with minor amounts of a heterocyclic aromatic amine in a nonpolar inert solvent,in which process the amount of heterocyclic aromatic amine is 1-3 mol % and the reaction is carried out in the temperature range from -10.degree. C. to +25.degree. C., all molar amounts being based on 100 mol % of ester carbonate of formula (II).

Abstract: Tertiary amines having carbonate and urethane groups and optionally hydroxyl groups are produced by reacting a) a polyhydric alcohol and b) a primary-tertiary diamine with c) a carbonic acid derivative selected from the group consisting of optionally cyclic carbonates, urea, phosgene and bis-chlorocarbonates of alcohols of the same type as those used as component a). This reaction may be carried out in one or two steps. The tertiary amines produced by this process are useful as catalysts, which may optionally be incorporated into an isocyanate-reactive material, in the isocyanate addition reaction for the production of polyurethane plastics. These tertiary amines are particularly useful for the production of foam backed plastic films.

Abstract: Asymmetric carbonates, thiocarbonates and urethanes having a physiological cooling effect on the skin and on mucosae are described.

Abstract: Diaminocarbonate compounds are disclosed which are particularly suitable as low-odor catalysts for the production of solid or cellular urethane polymers and/or urea polymers. The compounds are obtainable by reacting amino alcohols with alkyl carbonates.

Abstract: Mechanically stable, self-inverting water-in-oil polymer emulsions for use in industrial water treatment, waste water treatment, sludge conditioning, ore dressing, papermaking, secondary and tertiary oil recovery containing carboxylated ethoxylated phenols and alcohols are provided.

Abstract: A novel acrylic monomer is produced by addition reacting a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate or its lactone adduct with a cyclic alkylene carbonate, and then acylating the terminal hydroxyl group of the reaction product with a reactive derivative of a monobasic alkanoic acid or a dicarboxylic acid anhydride.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of x-ray diagnostic imaging the blood pool, liver, spleen, and/or lymph system of a mammal comprising administering a contrast effective amount of a mixed carbonic anhydride as a contrast agent having the structure ##STR1## X is H, NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 or CONR.sup.1 R.sup.3, R.sup.1 is H or alkylR.sup.2 is COR.sup.3R.sup.3 is H, alkyl, hydroxyl-substituted alkyl, aryl or a steroidially derived moietyY is NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 or CONR.sup.1 R.sup.3 and ##STR2## Z is OR.sup.3 or This invention further relates to novel mixed carbonic anhydride contrast agents having the above structure and to x-ray contrast compositions comprising such agents, and to methods of x-ray diagnostic imaging utilizing such agents.

Abstract: Described herein is a process for the preparation of (1S,2R)-1,2-epoxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene having the Formula (I): ##STR1## which comprises the steps of (a) hydrogenating the compound of Formula (II) to form cis-(1R, 2S)-1,2-dihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene having the Formula (V): ##STR2## (b) reacting the dihydroxy compound of Formula (V) with a sulphonyl halide of formula R.sup.1 SO.sub.2 Z wherein R.sup.1 is methyl, ethyl, trifluoromethyl, phenyl or p-tolyl, and Z is fluorine, chlorine, bromine or iodine to give a bis-sulphonyl ester of formula (X): ##STR3## and (c) treating the bis-sulphonyl ester (X) with an alkali metal carbonate or alkali metal hydroxide to give the compound of Formula (I).

Abstract: A compound of the formula (I) or its pharmaceutically acceptable salt or ester: ##STR1## and intermediates thereof.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods of x-ray diagnostic imaging the blood pool, liver, spleen, and/or lymph system of a mammal comprising administering a contrast effective amount of a mixed carbonic anhydride as a contrast agent having the structure ##STR1## X is H, NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 or CONR.sup.1 R.sup.3, R.sup.1 is H or alkylR.sup.2 is COR.sup.3R.sup.3 is H, alkyl or arylY is NR.sup.1 R.sup.2 or CONR.sup.1 R.sup.3 andZ is alkyl, aryl or aralkyl.This invention further relates to novel mixed carboxylic anhydride contrast agents having the above structure to x-ray contrast compositions comprising such agents, and to methods of x-ray diagnostic imaging utilizing such agents.

Abstract: This invention provides sulfur-containing carbonate reaction product additives which are useful as phosphorus-free antiwear additives in lubricating oils, particularly automatic transmission fluids.

Abstract: The invention relates to processes for producing di-(tertiary aminoalkyl) carbonate including the step of reacting a tertiary alkanolamine with methyl alkyl carbonate in the presence of a transesterification catalyst to form tertiary aminoalkyl alkyl carbonate, wherein some of the tertiary alkanolamine reacts with the tertiary aminoalkyl alkyl carbonate to form di-(tertiary aminoalkyl) carbonate. The invention also relates to processes for producing di-(tertiary aminoalkyl) carbonate including the steps of (i) reacting dimethyl carbonate with an alcohol in the presence of a transesterification catalyst to form a methyl alkyl carbonate, and (ii) reacting a tertiary alkanolamine with the methyl alkyl carbonate formed in step i) in the presence of a transesterification catalyst to form tertiary aminoalkyl alkyl carbonate, wherein some of the tertiary alkanolamine reacts with the tertiary aminoalkyl alkyl carbonate to form di-(tertiary aminoalkyl) carbonate.

Abstract: Water-insoluble iodinated esters of the formula (I) ##STR1## useful in X-ray and ultrasound imaging, are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention is concerned with a process for the manufacture of optically active compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R signifies lower alkyl, lower alkoxy, phenyl, benzyl or --NR.sub.2.sup.1, R.sup.1 signifies lower alkyl, phenyl, benzyl or hydrogen and * signifies an optically active center, by asymmetrically hydrogenating an enol derivative of ketoisophorone of the formula ##STR2## wherein R has the significance given above, in the presence of a rhodium complex of an optically active diphosphine ligand.

Abstract: For use as a monomer for producing hydroxyl group-containing vinyl polymers, there is provided a compound of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is acryloyl, methacryloyl or 4-vinylbenzyl; R.sup.2 is an alkyl; and R.sup.3 is an alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, aralkyl or aryl.

Abstract: Benzyl derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where A is CH.sub.2, CHCl, CH-alkyl, CH-alkoxy, CH-alkylthio or N-alkoxy,B is OH, alkylthio, alkoxy or alkylamino,U, V, W are hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or alkoxy,D is ##STR2## where R' is hydrogen or alkyl andR is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, haloalkyl, halocycloalkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, arylthioalkyl, aryloxyalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl, hetaryl, hetaryl-alkyl, hetaryloxyalkyl or heterocyclyl, and fungicides containing these compounds.

Abstract: Dye-donor element for use according to thermal dye sublimation transfer comprising a support having thereon a dye layer containing a dye corresponding to the following formula ##STR1## wherein Z represents CN, COOR.sup.1 or CONR.sup.2 R.sup.3 ;R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 each independently represent hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together represent the necessary atoms to close a heterocyclic nucleus or substituted heterocyclic nucleus;Y represents OR.sup.4 or NR.sup.5 R.sup.6 or CN;R.sup.4 represents hydrogen, substituted or unsubstituted alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted cycloalkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, SO.sub.2 R.sup.7, COR.sup.7, CSR.sup.7, POR.sup.7 R.sup.8 ;R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each independently has one of the significances given to R.sup.4 or represent substituted or unsubstituted amino, or R.sup.5 and R.sup.

Abstract: Water insoluble iodinated esters of formula (I), in which R.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-20 aliphatic, C.sub.7-20 araliphatic or C.sub.6-20 aryl group or a C.sub.1-20 heterocyclic group having one or more hereto atoms selected from O, S and N; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 aliphatic, C.sub.6-10 aryl or C.sub.7-20 araliphatic group; and R.sup.3 is a group as defined above for R.sup.1, which may be the same as or different from R.sup.1, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together represent a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-4 alkylene group, the molecule containing at least one iodine atom and being metabolisable to products which are soluble in body fluids and are physiologically acceptable. The esters are useful in X-ray and ultrasound imaging, especially liver and spleen imaging.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein m is zero or 1; n is zero, 1 or 2; p is zero or 1 to 6 provided that m and p are not both zero; R.sub.3 is hydrogen, acyl, or benzyl; and R.sub.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, phenyl, substituted phenyl, phenyl-alkylene, heterocyclic-alkylene, etc. These compounds are useful as cardiovascular agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to the field of organic chemistry and more particularly to that of therapeutic chemistry.More particularly it relates to new quaternary ammonium salts of general formula (I): ##STR1## in which Hal is a halogen atom other than fluorine R and R.sub.1, identical or different, are lower alkyl radicals, n is an integer varying from 2 to 16, Z is an alkenyl radical having up to 3 carbon atoms, a carboxyl, or the OR.sub.2 group in which R.sub.2 is a hydrogen, a lower alkyl radical, an acyl remainder, a tocol radical, a sterol radical or a carboxamide chain and A is a hydroxyl or an anion of a mineral or organic acid.The compounds according to the invention are the active ingredients of pharmaceutical compositions with an anti-tumorous and/or immuno-suppressive action.

Abstract: The present invention provides lubricant oil compositions comprising a polyalkylene glycol carbonate. The lubricant oil compositions are useful for industrial gear oil, automotive gear oil, and lubricant oil for refrigerators, rolling installations and fibers, which are excellent in lubricating properties and detergency. The present invention also relates to lubricant oil compositions which comprise a polyalkylene glycol polycarbonate having mutual solubility with an ozone layer-nondestructive Freon such as Freon R-134a, and which are accordingly especially suited for refrigerators using hydrogenated fluorocarbon as a refrigerant. A polyalkylene glycol carbonate according to the invention comprises a polyoxypropylene group in the molecular chain and an alkyl group and an alkyloxyalkylene group at the molecular terminals.