Abstract: The present invention provides lubricant oil compositions comprising a polyalkylene glycol carbonate. The lubricant oil compositions are useful for industrial gear oil, automotive gear oil, and lubricant oil for refrigerators, rolling installations and fibers, which are excellent in lubricating properties and detergency. The present invention also relates to lubricant oil compositions which comprise a polyalkylene glycol polycarbonate having mutual solubility with an ozone layer-nondestructive Freon such as Freon R-134a, and which are accordingly especially suited for refrigerators using hydrogenated fluorocarbon as a refrigerant. A polyalkylene glycol carbonate according to the invention comprises a polyoxypropylene group in the molecular chain and an alkyl group and an alkyloxyalkylene group at the molecular terminals.

Abstract: Substituted PEG-interferon conjugates of formulae IA and IB where PEG is linked by means of activated linking reagents of formulae IIA, IIB, or IIB-1 to an amino group in the interferon, and activated linking reagents of formulae IIA, IIB, or IIB-1. The conjugates are not readily susceptible to in vivo hydrolytic cleavage, have enhanced in vivo half life, and reduce the immunogenicity of the interferon while maintaining biological activity.

Abstract: Water insoluble iodinated esters of formula (I), in which R.sup.1 is a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-20 aliphatic, C.sub.7-20 araliphatic or C.sub.6-20 aryl group or a C.sub.1-20 heterocyclic group having one or more hetero atoms selected from O, S and N; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-6 aliphatic, C.sub.6-10 aryl or C.sub.7-20 araliphatic group; and R.sup.3 is a group as defined above for R.sup.1, which may be the same as or different from R.sup.1, or R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 together represent a substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1-4 alkylene group, the molecule containing at least one iodine atom and being metabolisable to products which are soluble in body fluids and are physiologically acceptable. The esters are useful in X-ray and ultrasound imaging, especially liver and spleen imaging.

Abstract: A process for preparing an azetidin-2-one derivative represented by formula (2): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.4 and R.sup.5, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, or an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms substituted with an alkoxy group, an acyl group, or an alkoxycarbonyl group; R.sup.6 represents a protective group for an amino group; and R.sup.7 represents a vinylidene group of formula ##STR2## or an acetylene group of formula ##STR3## wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which may be the same or different, each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms; and R.sup.8 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 8 carbon atoms corresponding to R.sup.2 or R.sup.3, which comprises reacting a propargyl alcohol derivative represented by formula (1): ##STR4## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenyl group, or a halogen-substituted phenyl group; R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel and efficient process for the preparation of 8-hydroxybicyclo[7.3.1]tridec-4-ene-2,6-diyne ring system which is part of the aglycone of esperemicin and to novel cytotoxic antitumor agents having said bicyclic ring system. The present invention also provides a method for treating mammalian malignant tumors by administering to an animal in need of such treatment an antitumor effective amount of a compound of the present invention.

Abstract: A dialkyl dicarbonate is prepared by contacting an alkyl haloformate with an alkali metal carbonate in the presence of a solvating amount of a solvent. The process of the invention does not require a catalyst, is easy to carry out, does not employ particularly hazardous materials, does not require cumbersome purification steps, and provides a high yield of dicarbonate.

Abstract: This invention relates to radiation curable alk-1-enyloxy carbonate reaction products of a polyhydroxylated compound having the formula ROH and a dialk-1-enyloxy carbonate having the formula ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.3 to C.sub.50 saturated or unsaturated, linear, branched or cyclic polyhydroxylated hydrocarbon radical optionally substituted with halo, alkoxy, lower alkyl, cyano or nitro;R' is hydrogen or lower alkylB is a linear, branched or cyclic divalent radical having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms and is selected from the group of alkylene, mono- or poly- alkoxylated alkylene, alkenylene, alkynylene, arylene, alkarylene and aralkylene radicals, which radicals are optionally substituted with halo, lower alkyl, cyano, nitro or alkoxy and m has a value of from 1 to 10.

Abstract: This invention relates to methods for producing optically active hydroxyesters and also to methods for producing and purifying optically active five-membered ring lactones.More specifically, the invention provides methods for efficiently, safely, and selectively producing and purifying optically active (R)-hydroxyester (shown by formula 1) and optically active (S)-hydroxyester (shown by formula 2) in high state of purity at ordinary temperature.The invention also relates to application of the interconvertible optically active (R)-five-membered ring lacton (shown by formula 5).They are intermediates for synthesizing various medicines, agricultural chemicals, and biologically active substances, however especially useful for synthesizing pheromone of a noxious insect, Popillia japonica Newman. ##STR1## (Here, R.sub.1 denotes --C.tbd.C--R.sub.3 or --C.dbd.C--R.sub.3 ; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 denote straight chain or branched alkyl groups containing 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sub.

Abstract: Salts of glycosaminoglycans (heparin, its fractions or fragments which are supersulfated, dermatan sulfate, heparan sulfate, and modified heparins) with bases of formula (I), ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 represent H, alkyl, or cycloalkyl; R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 represent H, or alkyl; R.sub.7 and R.sub.8 represent H or alkyl; n and m are integers from 1-4 and X is --O--CO--O--, which salts have the pharmacological properties of the glycosaminoglycans themselves, and are orally and rectally administrable.

Abstract: Polymerizable carbonate compounds of the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is an aromatic polycycle, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen atom or alkyl, and n is 1, 2 or 3, are disclosed. They are useful as a component of nonemanating, self-curing and heat resistant resin compositions.

Abstract: Detergent additive for liquid fuels, obtained by means of the trans-esterification of a tertiary amine bearing at least two hydroxy functions, with a dialkyl carbonate and a higher aliphatic alcohol, and process for preparing said detergent additive.

Abstract: Di(organo) esters of pyrocarbonic acid, e.g., dialkyl pyrocarbonates, such as diethyl pyrocarbonate, are prepared by reaction of the corresponding organohaloformate with aqueous alkali metal hydroxide, e.g., sodium hydroxide, in the substantial absence of an organic solvent and in the presence of a catalytic amount of a bis[poly(oxy(C.sub.2 -C.sub.4)alkylene)] C.sub.6 -C.sub.20 aliphatic amine, e.g., coco bis(polyoxyethylene) amine.

Abstract: Dialkyl carbonates can be prepared in a continuous manner by transesterification of ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate with alcohols in the presence of a catalyst in a column equipped with packing or baffles, by passing the reactants in countercurrent such that the ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate are metered into the upper part of the column and the alcohol is metered into the lower part of the column and the catalyst is arranged as a fixed bed in the column or is also metered into the upper part of the column in solution or suspension, the dialkyl carbonate formed, if appropriate as a mixture with alcohol, being removed at the top of the column and the ethylene glycol or propylene glycol formed from the ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate being removed at the foot of the column, if appropriate together with the catalyst.

Abstract: Disclosed is a continuous process for preparing dimethyl carbonate which comprises:a first step of introducing a gas containing carbon monoxide and methyl nitrite into a reactor filled with a solid catalyst to obtain a reaction product containing dimethyl carbonate;a second step of separating the reaction product to a non-condensed gas and a solution containing dimethyl carbonate by adding dimethyl oxalate;a third step of introducing the non-condensed gas into a regenerating column to contact it with a molecular state oxygen-containing gas and methanol whereby regenerating nitrogen monoxide to methyl nitrite, so as to contain 2 to 7% by volume of nitrogen monoxide in a non-absorbed gas at an outlet of the column, which in turn is introduced in the reactor of the first step;a fourth step of extracting, distilling and separating dimethyl carbonate from the solution by further adding dimethyl oxalate to remove methanol; anda fifth step of distilling and separating dimethyl carbonate from a mixed solution to remo

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a secondary or tertiary dialkyl dicarbonate. An alkali metal salt of an alkyl pyrocarbonate is contacted with (CO).sub.n X.sub.2 wherein X is defined as a leaving group and n is an integer from 1 to 2, in the presence of a complexing agent.

Abstract: A carbonate compound having ethylenically unsaturated and acetylenically unsaturated functions are disclosed. The compound is represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein, A is the residue of a hydroxy group-containing, ethylenically unsaturated monomer with removal of the hydroxyl group, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl.

Abstract: A process is reported for preparation of quaternary ammonium type carbonate esters which are useful as bleach precursors in detergent compositions. The process involves transesterification of low molecular weight carbonates, e.g. diphenyl carbonate, with amino functionalized alcohols, e.g. dialkylaminoalkanol. Preferably the reaction involves transesterification of diphenylcarbonate with the hydroxyl compound followed by removal of phenol. Subsequent thereto the transesterified ester is quaternized with an alkylating agent. Optionally there may be a sulfonation of phenol ester subsequent to the quaternization reaction.

Abstract: Variously substituted 4-(biphen-2-ylmethylcarbamoyl)-3-hydroxybutyric acids and esters, also named as N-(biphen-2-yl)-3-hydroxyglutaramic acid derivatives, are blood cholesterol lowering agents and so are useful in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis.

Abstract: A Derivative of 5-hetero-6-oxo-PGE A derivative of 5-hetero-6-oxo-PGE of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is (1) a group of the formula: COOR11(2) hydroxymethylcarbonyl,(3) hydroxymethyl or(4) a group of the formula:CO--AAwherein AA is an amino acid-residue,Z is oxygen, sulfur or a group of the formula: NR21 wherein R21 is hydrogen or alkyl of C1--4;R2 is a single-bond or alkylene of C1--4;R3 isi) alkyl of C1-7,ii) cycloalkyl of C4-7 or cycloalkyl of C4-7 substituted by alkyl of C1-7,iii) phenyl, phenoxy, phenyl or phenoxy substituted by one group selected from alkyl of C1-4, halogen and trihalomethyl, is single-bond or a double bond.Possess PG-like activity, especially cytoprotection, and therefore are useful for treatment for and/or prevention of cytodamage.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of a ditertiary-alkyl dicarbonate from an acid halide in the presence of a complexing agent. More particularly, it relates to the preparation of a ditertiary-butyl dicarbonate.

Abstract: The invention relates to alk-1-enyloxy carbamates selected from the group having the formulae ##STR1## wherein R is a saturated or unsaturated, monovalent or divalent hydrocarbon radical having from 1 to 50 carbon atoms and is optionally substituted with halo, alkyleneoxy, hydroxy, or a combination of said radicals; Y is --O-- or --OCO--O--; X is hydrogen or methyl; R' and R" are each independently hydrogen, alkyl, aryl, aralkyl or alkaryl; m has a value of from 2 to 6 and n has a value of from 0 to 25. The invention also relates to the use of these alk-1-enyloxy carbamates as reactive diluents in cationically induced radiation curing of epoxy, vinyl ether, urethane monomers or oligomers and others.

Abstract: A process is reported for preparation of quaternary ammonium-type carbonate esters which are useful as bleach precursors in detergent compositions. The process involves transesterification of low molecular weight carbonates, e.g. diphenyl carbonate, with quaternary ammonium functionalized alcohols, e.g. choline chloride. Preferably the reaction is run in a high dielectric constant aprotic solvent such as acetonitrile. The reaction may also be conducted neat utilizing liquefied carbonate reactant as a solvent medium.

Abstract: Aromatic and aliphatic-aromatic carbonic acid diesters can be obtained by transesterification of carbonic acid diesters containing aliphatic ester groups if polymeric hydroxystannoxanes are employed as catalysts.

Abstract: A method for making diphenyl carbonate free of color bodies is provided by reacting an organic hydroxy compound, such as phenol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of an effective amount of a palladium catalyst, in the form of a palladium material which is used in combination with a quaternary ammonium salt, an inorganic cocatalyst, such as cobalt diacetate and an organic cocatalyst such as benzophenone or 1,10-phenanthroline. Recycling of catalyst values is also provided.

Abstract: A UCN-1028D derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## has protein kinase C inhibitory activity and is expected to be used as an active ingredient in anti-tumor agents, etc.

Abstract: The present invention relates to N,N-disubstituted compounds containing urethane groups and terminal hydroxyl groups corresponding to the general formula ##STR1## wherein X is the residue of a strong memobasic or polybasic acid remaining after dissociation of the proton or protons of said acid or a hydroxyl group;Y is an n-functional hydrocarbon group having a molecular weight of from about 15 to about 8000 (preferably from about 300 to about 4000) and optionally interrupted by oxygen, sulfur, or silicon atoms, or by ester, carbonate, urea, N-monosubstituted urethane, or N,N-disubstituted urethane groups;1.sub.R hydrogen or a hydrocarbon group having a molecular weight of from about 15 to about 200;2.sub.R is the radical of an alkylating or arylating agent; and is an integer of from 2 to about 6.The present invention further relates to a process for preparing such compounds and to a method for using such compounds in the production of plastics.

Abstract: Carbonic acid fatty alcohol ester sulfonates prepared by sulfonation of carbonic acid fatty alcohol esters corresponding to formula IR.sup.1 O--(C.sub.m H.sub.2m O).sub.n --CO--(OC.sub.m H.sub.2m).sub.n --OR.sup.2 (I)in whichR.sup.1 O is a residue of a fatty alcohol containing 16 to 22 carbon atoms and at least one olefinic double bond,R.sup.2 O is a residue of a saturated alkanol containing 1 to 22 carbon atoms or a residue of a fatty alcohol containing 16 to 22 carbon atoms and at least one olefinic double bond,m is a number 2 or 3 andn is a number of 0 to 20,and subsequent neutralization and hydrolysis of the sulfonation products with a base.

Abstract: Poly(alkylene carbonate) monoahls and polyahls useful as nonionic surfactants and having a poly(alkylene carbonate) backbone are prepared by reacting an oligomeric poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl with a compound having mono- or difunctional active hydrogen moieties, such as alcohols, carboxylic acids, mercaptans, amides, primary or secondary amines, or substituted phenols, optionally in the presence of a catalyst, under transesterification conditions.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## are disclosed. These compounds are useful as intermediates in the preparation of pharmaceutically active products.

Abstract: An organic carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate is prepared by reacting an alcohol such as methanol with carbon monoxide and oxygen in the presence of a catalyst system containing Cu(OMe)Cl as catalyst and a urea or a mixture of ureas as a cosolvent for the catalyst system.

Abstract: Polyether active hydrogen compounds having at least two terminal active hydrogen groups on primary carbon atoms are prepared by (a) forming polyoxyalkylene molecules each having at least one active hydrogen precursor, (b) linking at least two of the polyoxyalkylene molecules, and (c) converting the active hydrogen precursor groups to active hydrogen groups on primary carbon atoms. The polyoxyalkylene molecule is formed by exposing a reaction mixture comprising at least one alkylene oxide and at least one protective initiator to conditions effective for the polymerization of the alkylene oxides. Linking is accomplished at polyether chain ends distal to the protected active hydrogen precursor groups, such that the active hydrogen precursors remain on the linked polyether chains until they are converted to active hydrogen groups.

Abstract: A dialkyl dicarbonate (dialkyl pyrocarbonate) is prepared by contacting an alkyl haloformate (such as ethyl chloroformate) with an alkali metal carbonate (such as potassium carbonate) in the presence of a catalytic amount of a crown ether (such as 18 crown 6) and a solvating amount of a solvent (such as acetonitrile). The process of the invention is easy to carry out, it does not employ particularly hazardous materials, and provides a high yield of dicarbonate.

Abstract: Liquid Crystal compounds represented by the following formula are disclosed. ##STR1## wherein R and R' are independently selected from alkyl groups containing 1.about.20 carbon atoms; X is --O--, --O--CO--O-- or direct bond; A.sub.1 and A.sub.2 are independently cyclic groups (such as phenylene and biphenylene), said cyclic groups may be substituted with 1.about.4 fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms, or 1 or 2 substituent groups selected from the group consisting of cyano, nitro and trifluoromethyl groups; Y is --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --C.tbd.C--, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.N--, --N.dbd.CH--, --N.dbd.N--, --CH.sub.2 S--, --SCH.sub.2 -- or direct bond; and * represents asymmetric atom providing optical activity.

Abstract: An optically active, generally mesomorphic compound represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 denotes an alkyl group having 1-18 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 denotes an alkyl group having 1-12 carbon atoms; X denotes a single bond, --O--, ##STR2## Y denotes a single bond, ##STR3## --CH.sub.2 O-- or --OCH.sub.2 --; Z denotes --OCH.sub.2 --, ##STR4## respectively denotes ##STR5## C* denotes an asymmetric carbon atom; k, m and n are respectively 0, 1 or 2 with proviso that k+m+n amounts to 2 or 3; and p is 1 or 2.

Abstract: Sulfur-substituted alkenyl compounds, synthesis thereof, intermediates therefor, and the use of the compounds to control pests.

Abstract: Dispirotetradecanes of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently of each other alkyl containing 1 to 12 carbon atoms wherein one or more non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may also be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --O--COO-- and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- (trans), one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 also being H, F, Cl, Br, I, CN, NO.sub.2, NCS,A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are each independently of each other trans-1,4-cyclohexylene wherein one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O-- and/or --S--, or 1,4-phenylene wherein one or more CH groups may also be replaced by N, with it also being possible optionally for A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 to be substituted laterally or axially by F, Cl, CN, CH.sub.3,Z.sup.1 and Z.sup.2 are each independently of each other --C--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --OCH.sub.2 -- or a single bond,m and n are each 0, 1 or 2,(m+n) 0, 1 or 2,X.sup.1, X.sup.2, X.sup.3 and X.sup.

Abstract: Novel esters of the general formula ##STR1## in which ##STR2## is the acyl residue of a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory compound containing a carboxylic acid function. The novel esters are prepared by reacting an acide R--COOH when R is as above, with 1-haloethyl ethyl carbonate. There are also provided pharmaceutical compositions containing any of the said novel esters.

Abstract: Ester-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls comprising the residues of at least one polyahl, polyalkyleneoxy moieties, poly(alkylene carbonate) moieties, the residues of at least one ester of a carboxylic acid, and a plurality of active hydrogen end group are disclosed. The ester-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl has a number average molecular weight higher than the number average molecular weight of any known poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahl comprising the same monomeric components. Also disclosed are isocyanate-functional prepolymers of these ester-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls formed by reactions of the ester-modified poly(alkylene carbonate) polyahls of this invention with excess organic polyisocyanates. Urethane/urea polymers formed by the reactions of the isocyanate-functional prepolymers with polyahls are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing methyl 4-oxo-5-tetradecynoate useful as an intermediate for synthesizing (R,Z)-5-dec-1-enyl-oxacyclopentan-2-one, which comprises reacting monomethyl succinate with an alkyl chlorocarbonate in the presence of a base to form an acid anhydride and reacting the acid anhydride with a Grignard reagent of 1-decyne. Methyl 4-oxo-5-tetradecynoate can be prepared in high yields at high purities by this process.

Abstract: A process for converting 6-carboxy to 6-hydroxymethyl mevinolin analogs and novel intermediates formed in this process are disclosed.

Abstract: An organic carbonate such as dimethyl carbonate is prepared by reacting an alcohol such as methanol and carbon monoxide in the presence of a catalyst system containing Cu(OMe)Cl as catalyst and boron trifluoride, calcium chloride, benzyltriethylammonium chloride, etc. as promoters.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are (i) a resin composition comprising (A) a di-(meth)acrylic acid ester of a carbonate diol having an average molecular weight of 500 to 3000 or of an addition compound of the carbonate diol with an .epsilon.-caprolactone, (B) a monoethylenically unsaturated monomer and optionally, (C) an initiator of photopolymerization, (ii) a di-(meth)acrylic acid ester of an addition compound of a carbonate diol having an average molecular weight of 500 to 3000 with an .epsilon.-caprolactone and (iii) a di-(meth)acrylic acid ester represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkylene group having 4 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, the mean values of a and b are 0 to 5, respectively, the mean sum of a plus b is 0.5 to 5 and the mean value of l is 1 to 10.

Abstract: Novel lipid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## [wherein R.sup.1 is alkyl or alkylcarbamoyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, hydroxy which may be substituted, amino which may be substituted or cyclic amino; R.sup.3 is a chemical binding or alkylene which may be substituted; R.sup.4 is hydrogen, alkyl or aralkyl; X and Y are independently O, S or an imino group which may be substituted, and when Y is an imino group, Y, together with the imino group represented by X or R.sup.4, may form a ring; and Z is imino or a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic ring which may be substituted] and salts thereof have inhibiting activity on platelet activating factor and are useful as a preventive or therapeutic agent for a variety of circulatory diseases and allergic disorders and also as an antineoplastic agent.

Abstract: Novel compounds possessing both angiotensin enzyme inhibitory activity and diuretic activity are disclosed. The compounds are represented by the general formula ##STR1## in which X is ##STR2## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 are hydrogen, alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, phenyl-alkyl, and cycloalkyl, and may be the same or different; n is an integer from 0 to 4 inclusive; M is alkenyl, alkynyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkyl-alkyl, polycycloalkyl, polycycloalkyl-alkyl, aryl, aralkyl, heteroaryl, heteroaryl-alkyl, hetero-cyloalkyl, hetero-cycloalkyl-alkyl, fused aryl-cycloalkyl, fused aryl-cycloalkyl-alkyl, fused heteroaryl-cycloalkyl, fused heteroaryl-cycloalkyl-alkyl, alkoxyalkyl, alkylthioalkyl, alkylamino-alkyl, or dialkylaminoalkyl, or M and R.sub.6 taken together with the nitrogen to which M is bonded and the carbon to which R.sub.

Abstract: Certain novel aryl sulfonyl fluorides, their preparation, and their use in inhibiting serine proteases with chymotrypsin-like and elastase-like specificity.