Abstract: The present invention provides a production method for dicyanocyclohexane, including a step of obtaining dicyanocyclohexane by reacting cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid and/or a salt thereof, or a heated concentrate of an aqueous ammonia solution of cyclohexanedicarboxylic acid with ammonia in a solvent having a boiling point equal to or higher than a reaction temperature.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of fluoroalkylnitriles and the corresponding fluoroalkyltetrazoles starting from fluorinated carboxamides.

Abstract: An electronic cigarette, an atomizer device thereof and a method for assembling the atomizer device are provided. The atomizer device comprises an atomizer assembly (14) having an atomizer base (141), a heating member (142), and a liquid transport member (143). The atomizer base (141) includes a tubular body (1412) having an inserting end (1413); and a side wall of the tubular body (1412) defines at least one slot (1414) extending along a longitudinal direction and communicating with an end surface of the inserting end (1413). The heating member (142) is tubular and arranged in the tubular body (1412), and an air flowing channel is defined inside the heating member (142). The liquid transport member (143) comprises a tubular liquid transport body (1431) and at least one couple of connecting portions (1432) connected together in a circumferential direction of the liquid transport body (1431).

Abstract: An electronic cigarette, an atomizer device thereof and a method for assembling the atomizer device are provided. The atomizer device comprises an atomizer assembly (14) having an atomizer base (141), a heating member (142), and a liquid conductive member (143). The atomizer base (141) includes a cylindrical body (1412) having an inserting end (1413); and a side wall of the cylindrical body (1412) defines at least one slot (1414) extending along a vertical direction and communicating with an end surface of the inserting end (1413). The heating member (142) is cylindrical and arranged in the cylindrical body (1412), and an air flowing channel is defined inside the heating member (142). The liquid conductive member (143) comprises a cylindrical liquid conductive body (1431) and at least one couple of connecting portions (1432) connected together in a circumferential direction of the liquid conductive body (1431).

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing organic nitriles such as Acetonitrile or Hydrogen Cyanide, in which yields may exceed 90%, undesirable by-products are not produced, and handling of ammonia gas is avoided. In one aspect, a process includes preparing a feed including ammonium salts and water; introducing the feed into a reactor containing a catalyst; and heating the feed in the presence of the catalyst. The catalyst may advantageously include molybdenum on a silica or silica alumina support. The feed may be ammonium acetate in water with about 50 wt % ammonium acetate and the balance water or ammonium formate in water. In another aspect, a process includes preparing a feed including ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid; introducing the feed into a reactor containing a catalyst; and heating the feed in the presence of the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing fluoroalkyl nitriles by reacting fluorinated carboxamides with halides and fluorinated carboxylic acids.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for producing organic nitriles such as Acetonitrile or Hydrogen Cyanide, in which yields may exceed 90%, undesirable by-products are not produced, and handling of ammonia gas is avoided. In one aspect, a process includes preparing a feed including ammonium salts and water; introducing the feed into a reactor containing a catalyst; and heating the feed in the presence of the catalyst. The catalyst may advantageously include molybdenum on a silica or silica alumina support. The feed may be ammonium acetate in water with about 50 wt % ammonium acetate and the balance water or ammonium formate in water. In another aspect, a process includes preparing a feed including ammonium hydroxide and acetic acid; introducing the feed into a reactor containing a catalyst; and heating the feed in the presence of the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing fluoroalkyl nitriles by reacting fluorinated carboxamides with halides and fluorinated carboxylic acids.

Abstract: There are provided simple processes for preparing a fluoroamide and a fluoronitrile which assure higher yield, i.e., a process for preparing a fluoroamide represented by the formula (2): CF2?CF—Rf—CONH2, wherein Rf is a perfluoroalkylene group or perfluorooxyalkylene group having 2 to 20 carbon atoms, by allowing a fluoroester represented by the formula (1): CF2?CF—Rf—COOR, wherein Rf is as defined above; R is an alkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, to react with ammonia or ammonium hydroxide, and a process for preparing a fluoronitrile represented by the formula (3): CF2?CF—Rf—CN, wherein Rf is as defined above, by allowing the fluoroamide obtained by the above-mentioned preparation process to react with a dehydrating agent (c) in a solvent (b) having an ether bond, an ester bond, a ketone group or a cyano group.

Abstract: A process for preparation of cyclopropylethanol, which comprises subjecting a 3-cyclopropyl-2,3-epoxypropionic acid ester to solvolysis, treating the product of the solvolysis with an acid to obtain cyclopropylacetaldehyde, and reducing the obtained cyclopropylacetaldehyde; and a process for preparation of cyclopropylacetonitrile, which comprises subjecting a 3-cyclopropyl-2,3-epoxypropionic acid ester to solvolysis in the presence of a base, treating the product of the solvolysis with an acid to obtain cyclopropylacetaldehyde, reacting the obtained cyclopropylacetaldehyde with hydroxylamine or salts thereof to obtain cyclopropaneacetaldehyde oxime, and reacting the obtained cyclopropaneacetaldehyde oxime with acetic anhydride. According to the present invention, cyclopropylethanol and cyclopropylacetonitrile can be prepared at low costs and industrially advantageously.

Abstract: Ethers and esters of cyanohydrins that contain optically detectable moieties are highly effective for detecting, monitoring, and measuring the activity of enzymes that cause the cleavage of certain types of substrates. The cyanohydrins function as proaldehydes and proketones, spontaneously converting to aldehydes and ketones, respectively, which provide a large increase in optical detectability relative to both the starting esters and ethers and the cyanohydrins.

Abstract: The invention describes an improved process for the preparation of malononitrile by using a porous particulate solid substance as efficient absorbent. Cyanoacetamide is reacted with POCl3 as a dehydrating agent in a suitable solvent in the presence of an organic N-donor base as catalyst and a porous particulate solid substance as efficient absorbent. The product is then distilled under vacuum from the crude in the presence of a stabilizer into a receiver containing the same stabilizer, to obtain malononitrile of high purity and shelf-life.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing a high-quality aliphatic nitrile in a high yield at a low cost without the dissolution of a catalyst in the product, which comprises reacting an aliphatic carboxylic acid, a lower alkyl ester thereof or a fatty acid glyceride with ammonia in the presence of a solid catalyst which exhibits a high activity even at a reaction temperature of as low as 300.degree. C. or below and is difficultly soluble in the reaction fluid; and a process for the preparation of amines by hydrogenating the aliphatic nitrile prepared by the above process. Namely, the present invention provides a process for the preparation of an aliphatic nitrile by reacting an aliphatic carboxylic acid, a lower alkyl ester thereof or a fatty acid glyceride with ammonia in the presence of a composite oxide catalyst comprising titanium oxide as the main component; and a process for the preparation of amines by hydrogenating the aliphatic nitrile prepared by the above process.

Abstract: The subject is to provides a process for producing 1-substituted-hydantoins of Formula I: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 represents d hydrocarbon group which may be substituted and others,cheracterized by reacting N-sustituted-N-alkcycarbonylamnilo-acetonitrile of Formula II: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.2 represents an alkyl group and others, with an alkali metal hydroxides or the like and then treating with an acid.

Abstract: Syntheses of fluorinated amide and fluorinated nitrile compounds are improved by use of particular media for the reactions. Fluorinated amide can also be synthesized in high yield in a neat reaction.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of reacting polyamides or mixtures thereof with ammonia to obtain a mixture of monomers. The reaction is carried out in the presence of certain Lewis Acid catalyst precursors.

Abstract: Useful monomeric products are obtained in the reaction of nylon 6,6 with ammonia. Increased yield of monomer products from nylon 6,6 is obtained from ammonolysis when a mixture with nylon 6 is employed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the liquid-phase preparation of nitriles from aliphatic dicarboxylic acids at temperatures of about 200.degree. to 350.degree. C. using ammonia in the presence of a phosphoric acid-based catalyst, wherein an adsorbent for the catalyst is added to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein alk.sub.1 and alk.sub.2 are individually alkyl of 1 to 8 carbon atoms comprising reacting a compound of the formula ##STR2## with a dehydrating agent to obtain the corresponding compound of formula I.

Abstract: A method for preparing an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated nitrile comprises bringing an .alpha.-oxycarboxylic acid amide represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R' and R" each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, with the proviso that at least one of R' and R" represents an alkyl group, into contact with a solid acid catalyst with heating in the presence of water in a molar ratio of not more than 15 with respect to the .alpha.-oxycarboxylic acid amide. The method makes it possible to directly produce an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated nitrile at high yield and high selectivity utilizing an .alpha.-oxycarboxylic acid amide as a starting material, which can easily be obtained from an .alpha.-oxynitrile.

Abstract: A process for oxidizing an organic compound selected from an aliphatic, aromatic, aliphatic/aromatic, cycloaliphatic and heterocyclic alcohol, thiol, sulfide, aldehyde, amine, amide, ketone, acid, ether, ester, and organic compounds containing an activated carbon-carbon double bond, which process comprises contacting said organic compound dissolved in an organic solvent with a hypochlorous acid solution.

Abstract: A novel process for producing .alpha.-[(dialkylamino) substituted-methylene].beta.-oxo-(substituted) propanenitriles of the formula: ##STR1## where R, R.sub.1 and R .sub.2 are defined in the specification by reacting a substituted isoxazole with a diaklylamide dimethylacetal is provided.

Abstract: Scrap poly(ethyleneterephthalate) is converted to useful amine and diamine monomers such as para-xylylenediamine, 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane and 4-aminomethyl benzoic acid for the production of various polyamides. The conversion of poly(ethyleneterephthalate) to diamine monomers is achieved by a three step process involving (a) ammonolysis of the poly(ethyleneterephthalate) to produce terephthalamide and ethylene glycol; (b) pyrolytic dehydration of the terephthalamide to produce terephthalonitrile; and (c) hydrogenation of the terephthalonitrile to produce the para-xylylene diamine and/or 1,4-bis(aminomethyl)cyclohexane. The conversion of poly(ethyleneterephthalate) to 4-aminomethyl benzoic acid involves the steps of (a) ammonolysis of the poly(ethyleneterephthalate) to produce terephthalamide; (b) partial pyrolytic dehydration of said terephthalamide to produce 4-cyanobenzoic acid; and (c) hydrogenation of said 4-cyanobenzoic acid to produce 4-aminomethylbenzoic acid.

Abstract: A facile and mild process for the preparation of nitriles from reagent sensitive primary carboxamides is described. The process utilizes a (carboxysulfamoyl)ammonium hydroxide compound as the dehydrating agent. It is useful for preparing nitriles which have present other groups which are sensitive to the more conventional methods of dehydration or to other methods of nitrile synthesis. Some novel nitriles prepared by the new method are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the production in continuous of isophthalodinitrile or terephthalodinitrile by simultaneous amidation and dehydration of the respective acid chlorides in steam phase on a fixed bed of a dehydration catalyst.

Abstract: Glycerides are reacted with ammonia in an amount of at least 200 liters per kilogram of glyceride per hour, at a temperature of 220.degree. to 300.degree. C., and in the presence of special catalysts. Of the product mixture which is formed and removed from the reaction with the excess ammonia, and which is composed essentially of the components water, the desired glycerol and fatty acid nitrile containing fatty acid and fatty acid amide, the latter component is returned to the reaction during the glyceride reaction. After completion of the glyceride reaction, which is indicated when the product mixture contains virtually no more glycerol, all the fatty acid nitrile containing fatty acid and fatty acid amide is further treated, in an after-reaction with a reduced amount of ammonia and at higher temperature, in order to convert the fatty acid and fatty acid amide impurities into fatty acid nitrile.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of organic nitriles. More particularly, the invention relates to a process for the preparation of organic nitriles by reacting organic carboxylic acid primary amides with a dehydrating agent in the presence of a catalytic amount of a particular quaternary ammonium salt.

Abstract: Adipodinitrile is prepared by reacting adipic acid with excess ammonia at from 250.degree. to 350.degree. C. in the liquid phase in the presence of a diluent by a process in which a liquid hydrocarbon which is inert under the reaction conditions is used as the diluent.