Abstract: The present invention provides a method for producing a catalyst to be used for a gas-phase catalytic ammoxidation reaction of propane, the method comprising a preparation step of dissolving or dispersing a raw material to thereby obtain a prepared raw material liquid, a first drying step of drying the prepared raw material liquid to thereby obtain a dried material, a calcination step of calcining the dried material to thereby obtain a composite oxide having a predetermined composition, an impregnation step of impregnating the composite oxide with a solution containing at least one specific element selected from the group consisting of tungsten, molybdenum, tellurium, niobium, vanadium, boron, bismuth, manganese, iron, antimony, phosphorus and rare earth elements to thereby obtain an impregnated composite oxide, and a second drying step of drying the impregnated composite oxide, wherein at least one of the impregnation step o and the second drying step is a step of impregnating the composite oxide or drying t

Abstract: The current disclosure is directed to a hydrogen-storage system that employs catalytic dehydrogenation of low-molecular-weight amines in a hydrogen reactor. The hydrogen-storage system comprises aliphatic amines and di-amines as organic carriers that store hydrogen covalently, a hydrogen reactor that releases and separates hydrogen gas from the carrier, and metal or metal-oxide catalysts that promote a dehydrogenation reaction to release hydrogen. In certain implementations, a metal or metal-oxide catalyst may be carried on high-surface-area support materials, such as gamma-alumina and metal-organic-framework materials, to enhance catalytic properties. The hydrogen reactor may be a packed-bed reactor, a monolith reactor, or a flow-through hydrogen-membrane reactor.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of forming a phosphonate diester compound from a ligand hydrolysis product (LHP) of a phosphite ligand used in a nickel-phosphite hydrocyanation catalyst, such as for conversion of 3-pentenenitrile to adiponitrile, which serves to climinate acidic LHP compound for a hydrocyanation reaction milieu where the acidic LHP can catalyze further catalyst ligand destruction. The invention further provides phosphonate disester compounds prepared by alkylation of diarylphosphite LHP in the presence of a nickel-phosphite catalyst comprising a bidentate ligand, and a continuous hydrocyanation process for production of adiponitrile wherein catalyst ligand breakdown is inhibited through inactivation of ligand hydrolysis products towards further breakdown. A method of stabilizing a hydrocyanation catalyst is provided.

Abstract: An improved multi-reaction zone process provides for improved nitrile product quality and yield. In a first reaction zone, 1,3-butadiene is reacted with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a catalyst to produce pentenenitriles comprising 3-pentenenitrile and 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile. In a second reaction zone, 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, recovered from the first reaction zone, is isomerized to 3-pentenenitrile. In an optional third reaction zone, 3-pentenenitrile recovered from the first and second reaction zones is reacted with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a catalyst and a Lewis acid to produce adiponitrile. A portion of the first catalyst is purified and recycled. Zero valent nickel is added to the purified first catalyst before it is recycled.

Abstract: Organophosphorus compounds, catalytic systems comprising a metallic element forming a complex with the organophosphorus compounds and methods of hydrocyanation and of hydroformylation employed in the presence of the catalytic systems are described.

Abstract: This disclosure is directed to methods of preparing organic aldehydes, each method comprising contacting a terminal olefin with an oxidizing mixture comprising: (a) a dichloro-palladium complex; (b) a copper complex; (c) a source of nitrite; under aerobic reaction conditions sufficient to convert at least a portion of the terminal olefin to an aldehyde.

Abstract: Process for the synthesis of the compound of formula (I): Application in the synthesis of ivabradine, addition salts thereof with a pharmaceutically acceptable acid and hydrates thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for the hydrocyanation of organic ethylenically unsaturated compounds including at least one nitrile function. The invention specifically relates to a method for the hydrocyanation of a hydrocarbon compound including at least one ethylenic unsaturation by a reaction with hydrogen cyanide in a liquid medium and in the presence of a catalyst including a metal element selected from the transition metals and an organophosphorous ligand, the organophosphorous gaud including a compound of general formula (I), where R1 and R2, which are identical or different, are a linear or branched alkyl radical having 1-12 carbon atoms, which can include heteroatoms, or an optionally substituted aromatic or cycloaliphatic radical that can include heteroatoms, wherein the covalent bond between P and R1, and that between P and R2, are P—C bonds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for preparing difluoracetonitrile and the derivatives thereof. The method for preparing difluoroacetonitrile according to the invention is characterized in that it includes reacting halogenodifluoromethane and a source of cyanide anions in an alkaline medium.

Abstract: Organophosphorus compounds are described that belong to the phosphinite-phosphite family. Catalytic systems comprising a metallic element forming a complex with said phosphinite-phosphite compounds and methods of hydrocyanation employed in the presence of said catalytic systems are also described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method of purifying organic diphosphite compounds.

Abstract: A continuous process for obtaining acrolein by catalytic dehydration of glycerol or glycerin, in the presence of an acid catalyst, wherein said process comprises the concomitant regeneration of said catalyst and is carried out in a fluidized bed reactor, said reactor comprising two zones, a first zone, or lower zone, termed catalyst regeneration zone, in which a fluidization gas comprising oxygen is introduced, and a second zone, or upper zone, termed reaction zone, in which the glycerol or glycerin is introduced and converted into acrolein.

Abstract: Adiponitrile is made by reacting 3-pentenenitrile with hydrogen cyanide. The 3-pentenenitrile is made by reacting 1,3-butadiene with hydrogen cyanide and by isomerizing 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile. Phenolic compounds, such as phenol and cresols, are present as a catalyst impurity or as a catalyst degradation product. Phenolic compounds are removed during the nitrile manufacturing process.

Abstract: An improved multi-reaction zone process provides for improved nitrile product quality and yield. In a first reaction zone, 1,3-butadiene is reacted with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a catalyst to produce pentenenitriles comprising 3-pentenenitrile and 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile. In a second reaction zone, 2-methyl-3-butenenitrile, recovered from the first reaction zone, is isomerized to 3-pentenenitrile. In an optional third reaction zone, 3-pentenenitrile recovered from the first and second reaction zones is reacted with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a catalyst and a Lewis acid to produce adiponitrile. A portion of the first catalyst is purified and recycled. Zero valent nickel is added to the purified first catalyst before it is recycled.

Abstract: Adiponitrile is made by reacting 3-pentenenitrile with hydrogen cyanide. The 3-pentenenitrile is made by reacting 1,3-butadiene with hydrogen cyanide. The catalyst for the reaction of 1,3-butadiene with hydrogen cyanide to make 3-pentenenitrile is recycled. At least a portion of the recycled catalyst is purified by an extraction process, which separates catalyst degradation products and reaction byproducts, such as mononitriles having 9 carbon atoms, from the catalyst.

Abstract: Adiponitrile is made by reacting 3-pentenenitrile with hydrogen cyanide. The 3-pentenenitrile is made by reacting 1,3-butadiene with hydrogen cyanide. The catalyst for the reaction of 1,3-butadiene with hydrogen cyanide to make 3-pentenenitrile is recycled. At least a portion of the recycled catalyst is purified by an extraction process, which separates catalyst degradation products and reaction byproduct from the catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to organophosphorus compounds belonging to the phosphinite-phosphite family, catalytic systems comprising a metallic element forming a complex with said phosphinite-phosphite compounds and methods of hydrocyanation employed in the presence of said catalytic systems.

Abstract: The present invention provides an article of manufacture formed from a substrate and a benzazoloporphyrazine bound to the substrate. The article may take a variety of different forms and may be for example an electrochromic display, a molecular capacitor, a battery, a solar cell, or a molecular memory device. Methods of making such articles, along with compounds, methods and intermediates useful for making such benzazoloporphyrazines, are also described.

Abstract: Organophosphorus compounds, catalytic systems comprising a metallic element forming a complex with the organophosphorus compounds and methods of hydrocyanation and of hydroformylation employed in the presence of the catalytic systems are described.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing compounds comprising at least one nitrile function by hydrocyanation of a compound comprising at least one non-conjugated unsaturation. The invention proposes a process for producing compounds comprising at least one nitrile function by hydrocyanation of an organic compound comprising at least one non-conjugated unsaturation, comprising from 2 to 20 carbon atoms, by reaction with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of a catalytic system comprising a complex of nickel having the oxidation state of zero with at least one organophosphorus ligand chosen from the group comprising organophosphites, organophosphonites, organophosphinites and organosphosphines and a cocatalyst of the Lewis acid type.

Abstract: The invention describes the development of highly efficient, recyclable two component system, CuAl-hydrotalcite/rac 1,1?-Binaphthalene-2,2?-diol catalytic system for the N-alkylation of electron deficient aryl chlorides in presence of potassium carbonate as a base at room temperature in 3-6 h, wherein the process is provided for the preparation of various secondary amines via C—N coupling reaction of aliphatic amines(aliphatic open chain, acyclic, benzyl amines and heterocyclic amines) with various aryl chlorides.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for carrying out an oxidation reaction for producing a product by heating a reaction medium containing a reactant and oxygen or an oxygen carrier in a reactor, wherein the reaction medium is brought into contact with a solid heating medium which may be heated by electromagnetic induction, which is surrounded by the reaction medium. The heating medium is heated by electromagnetic induction using an inductor, wherein an oxidation reaction is carried out on the first reactant to give a product and the product is separated from the heating medium. The inductor preferably generates an alternating field with a frequency in the range 1 to 100 kHz, preferably in the range 10 to 80 kHz and in particular up to 50 kHz.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a novel oxide catalyst for producing an unsaturated acid or unsaturated nitrile by which reaction results are good and a high yield can be stably maintained for a prolonged period of time, a process for producing the oxide catalyst, and a process for producing an unsaturated acid or unsaturated nitrile using the oxide catalyst. According to the present invention, there is provided an oxide catalyst represented by following compositional formula (1): Mo1VaSbbNbcMndWeYfOn??(1) wherein Y represents at least one element selected from alkaline earth metals and rare earth metals; a, b, c, d, e, f, and n each represents an atomic ratio based on one atom of Mo; 0.1?a?1, 0.01?b?1, 0.01?c?1, 0?d?0.1, 0?e?0.1, 0<(d+e)?0.1, 0?f?1; and n is a number determined by valencies of the constituent metals.

Abstract: An ammonia converter and method are disclosed. The reactor can alter the conversion of ammonia by controlling the reaction temperature of the exothermic reaction along the length of the reactor to parallel the equilibrium curve for the desired product. The reactor 100 can comprise a shell 101 and internal catalyst tubes 109. The feed gas stream enters the reactor, flows through the shell 101, and is heated by indirect heat exchange with the catalyst tubes 109. The catalyst tubes 109 comprise reactive zones 122 having catalyst and reaction limited zones 124 that can comprise inert devices that function to both separate the reactive zones, increase heat transfer area, and reduce the temperature of the reaction mixture as the effluent passes through the catalyst tube 109.

Abstract: It is an object to provide a novel oxide catalyst for producing an unsaturated acid or unsaturated nitrile by which reaction results are good and a high yield can be stably maintained for a prolonged period of time, a process for producing the oxide catalyst, and a process for producing an unsaturated acid or unsaturated nitrile using the oxide catalyst. According to the present invention, there is provided an oxide catalyst represented by following compositional formula (1): Mo1VaSbbNbcMndWeYfOn??(1) wherein Y represents at least one element selected from alkaline earth metals and rare earth metals; a, b, c, d, e, f, and n each represents an atomic ratio based on one atom of Mo; 0.1?a?1, 0.01?b?1, 0.01?c?1, 0 d?0.1, 0?e?0.1, 0<(d+e)?0.1, 0?f?1; and n is a number determined by valencies of the constituent metals.

Abstract: A system comprising a) Ni(0) b) from 4 to 10 mol per mol of Ni(0) in a) of a compound (I) of the formula P(X1R1)(X2R2)(X3R3)??(I) where X1, X2, X3 are each, independently of one another, oxygen or a single bond, R1, R2, R3 are, independently of one another, identical or different organic radicals and c) from 1 to 4 mol per mol of Ni(0) in a) of a compound (II) of the formula where X11, X12, X13 X21, X22, X23 are each, independently of one another, oxygen or a single bond, R11, R12 are identical or different, individual or bridged organic radicals, R21, R22 are identical or different, individual or bridged organic radicals and Y is a bridging group is suitable as catalyst for preparing mixtures of monoolefinic C5 mononitriles having nonconjugated C?C and C?N bonds by hydrocyanation of a 1,3-butadiene-containing hydrocarbon mixture and for preparing a dinitrile by hydrocyanation of a mixture of monoolefinic C5 mononitriles having nonconjugated C?C and C?N bonds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an integrated process for producing unsaturated carboxylic acids from the corresponding C2-C4 alkane. The process begins with integrated catalytic reactions comprising endothermic soft oxidant conversion (SOC) and exothermic selective hydrogen combustion (SHC) which cumulatively convert a C2-C4 alkane to its corresponding C2-C4 alkene in a product stream substantially free of hydrogen. Heat from the exothermic selective hydrogen combustion reaction zone is recovered and recycled back upstream to the endothermic soft oxidant conversion reaction zone. The hydrogen-free alkene products of the thermally integrated SOC/SHC reactions are then provided to a catalytic vapor phase partial oxidation process for conversion of the alkene to the corresponding unsaturated carboxylic acid or nitrile. Unreacted alkene and carbon dioxide are recovered from the oxidation product stream and recycled back to the thermally integrated soft oxidant conversion reactions.

Abstract: Provided are intermediates useful for the preparation of verapamil and methods for their preparation.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing 3-pentenenitrile by hydrocyanating 1,3-butadiene in the presence of at least one catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out in a loop reactor having external pumped circulation and jet nozzle for driving the internal circulation.

Abstract: A process for extractively removing nickel(0) complexes having phosphorus ligands and/or free phosphorus ligands from a reaction effluent of a hydrocyanation of unsaturated mononitriles to dinitriles by extraction by means of a hydrocarbon, a phase separation of the hydrocarbon and of the reaction effluent into two phases being effected at a temperature T (in ° C.), wherein the content of nickel(0) complexes having phosphorus ligands and/or free phosphorus ligands in the reaction effluent of the hydrocyanation, depending on the temperature T, is at least y % by weight and, irrespective of the temperature T, is a maximum of 60% by weight, where the numerical value of the minimum content y is given by the equation y=0.5·T+20 and T is to be used in the equation as a dimensionless numerical value.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing 3-pentenenitrile by hydrocyanating 1,3-butadiene in the presence of at least one catalyst, wherein the reaction is carried out in a loop reactor having external pumped circulation and jet nozzle for driving the internal circulation.

Abstract: Process for preparing compounds by cross-coupling of enolizable carbonyl compounds, nitriles or their analogues with substituted aryl or heteroaryl compounds in the presence of a Brönsted base and of a catalyst or precatalyst containing a.) a transition metal, a complex, a salt or a compound of this transition metal from the group V, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt) and b.) at least one sulphonated phosphane ligand in a solvent or solvent mixture.

Abstract: Polyolefinic amines may be produced in a reaction comprising contacting an olefin or a polyolefin with an azo compound under free radical conditions to form a polyolefinic nitrile having an average molecular weight of at least 250, followed by reducing the polyolefinic nitrile to a corresponding polyolefinic amine. The polyolefinic amines produced by the reaction may be included as a detergent in compositions, such as fuel compositions, additive compositions, and/or carrier compositions.

Abstract: A novel process for industrially producing an aromatic nitrile compound represented by the following general formula (3): characterized in that one of an aromatic hydroxymethyl compound, an aromatic alkoxymethyl compound and an aromatic aldehyde compound, all represented by the following general formula (1): or a mixture thereof is reacted with an oxidized bromine compound represented by the general formula (2) MBrOm ??(2) in the presence of an acid catalyst and either ammonia or an ammonium sat.

Abstract: A process for preparation of cyclopropylethanol, which comprises subjecting a 3-cyclopropyl-2,3-epoxypropionic acid ester to solvolysis, treating the product of the solvolysis with an acid to obtain cyclopropylacetaldehyde, and reducing the obtained cyclopropylacetaldehyde; and a process for preparation of cyclopropylacetonitrile, which comprises subjecting a 3-cyclopropyl-2,3-epoxypropionic acid ester to solvolysis in the presence of a base, treating the product of the solvolysis with an acid to obtain cyclopropylacetaldehyde, reacting the obtained cyclopropylacetaldehyde with hydroxylamine or salts thereof to obtain cyclopropaneacetaldehyde oxime, and reacting the obtained cyclopropaneacetaldehyde oxime with acetic anhydride. According to the present invention, cyclopropylethanol and cyclopropylacetonitrile can be prepared at low costs and industrially advantageously.

Abstract: A process for cyanating an aldehyde is provided. The process comprises reacting the aldehyde with: i) a cyanide source which does not comprise a Si—CN bond or a C—(C?O)—CN moiety; and ii) a substrate susceptible to nucleophilic attack not comprising a halogen leaving group; in the presence of a chiral catalyst. Preferably, the chiral catalyst is a chiral vanadium or titanium catalyst. The cyanide source is preferably an alkali metal cyanide and the substrate susceptible to nucleophilic attack not comprising a halogen leaving group is a carboxylic anhydride.

Abstract: The invention relates to N-unsubstituted imidic ester alkyl sulphates, N-unsubstituted amidinium alkyl sulphates and a process for their preparation, which is characterized in that carboxamides are converted with sulphuric diesters into the corresponding imidic ester alkyl sulphates, which are reacted further with ammonia to give the analogous amidinium alkyl sulphates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing tricarbonitriles corresponding to formula I wherein n is an integer from 2 to 11 by forming an intermediate in the presence of a strong base in a first stage from an aliphatic &agr;-&ohgr;-dinitrile corresponding to formula II wherein n is an integer from 3 to 12, and reacting the intermediate in a second stage to form a trinitrile corresponding to formula I by the addition of acrylonitrile.

Abstract: Reactor membranes for used in oxidation reactions of hydrocarbons involving oxygen comprising a selective oxidation catalyst on a mixed conducting, oxide ion selective ceramic membrane of the composition (Sr1-xCax)1-yAyMn1-zBzO3-&dgr;, where A is Ba, Pb, Na, K, Y, an element of the lanthanide group or a combination thereof, B is Mg, Al, Ga, In, Sn, an element of the 3d or 4d period or a combination thereof, x is from 0.2 to 0.8, y is from 0 to 0.4, z is from 0 to 0.6, and &dgr; is a number, dependent on x, y and z, that renders the composition charge neutral.

Abstract: For the production of acrylonitrile by ammoxidation of propylene, there is provided a process capable of giving a high yield and maintaining such an effect for a long period of time. In producing acrylonitrile by ammoxidation of propylene, a fluidized bed catalyst is used and the reaction is carried out while appropriately adding a molybdenum-containing material, wherein the fluidized bed catalyst, in which iron antimonate exists as a crystal phase, contains molybdenum, bismuth, iron, potassium, an M component, an N component and silica as essential components, and has a number of Mo/Me of from 0.

Abstract: Apparatus and process for heat exchange with fluid beds comprises heat-exchange tubes located longitudinally with respect to the axis of a fluidization zone with a rectangular pitch, one side of which having a length at least one and a half times the length of the other side and/or with a triangular pitch, having two sides each at least one and a half times the length of the shortest side reduces the impact of the heat-exchange tubes on the fluidization characteristics of the fluid bed. The invention is particularly suitable for oxidation reactions using molecular oxygen-containing gas in the presence of a fluid bed of fluidizable catalyst, such as (a) the acetoxylation of olefins, (b) the oxidation of ethylene to acetic acid and/or the oxidation of ethane to ethylene and/or acetic acid, (c) the ammoxidation of propylene and/or propane to acrylonitrile and (d) the oxidation of C4's to maleic anhydride.

Abstract: This application relates to a process for the preparation of the cyanomethyl ester which comprises reacting 2,5-bis(2,2,2-trifluoroethoxy)benzoic acid or a salt thereof, with a haloacetonitrile of the formula XCH2CN wherein X is Cl, Br, or I.

Abstract: The present invention includes 16-HETE analogs which are agonists and antagonists of 16-HETE. The compositions may be formulated in pharmaceutically acceptable formulations. The invention also includes methods and products for inhibiting neutrophil adhesion and neutrophil aggregation using the 16-HETE agonists. One method of the invention involves the administration of a 16-HETE agonist in combination with a thrombolytic agent to a patient suffering from thromboembolic stroke.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing N-(5-amino-2-cyano-4-fluoro-phenyl)-sulphonamides in which, in a first step, 2-amino-4,5-difluoro-benzonitrile is reacted with sulphonyl halides in the presence of an acid acceptor and in the presence of a diluent at temperatures between 0° C. and 150° C. and, in a second step, the N-(2-cyano-4,5-difluoro-phenyl)-sulphonamides and/or N-(2-cyano-4,5-difluoro-phenyl)-sulphonimides obtained in the first step are as pure substances or as mixtures with ammonia in the presence of a diluent reacted at a temperature between 100° C. and 200° C. The invention furthermore relates to novel intermediates of the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a colour-stable, aqueous dimethylaminoacetonitrile solution from a formaldehyde source, dimethylamine and hydrocyanic acid, wherein the reaction mixture contains 2,4-diamino-6-phenyl-1,3,5-triazine(benzoguanamine) in a concentration of from 0.001 to 5% by weight, based on formaldehyde, prior to the reaction and the starting substances are used stoichiometrically or in a ratio of 0.98-1.02 mol of formaldehyde and 0.95-1.10 mol of dimethylamine per mol of hydrocyanic acid. The resulting product remains colour-stable without a further purification step even after prolonged storage.

Abstract: Oligomeric 4,4-diarylbutadienecarboxylates and -carboxamides of the formula I in which R1 and R2 independently of one another are hydrogen, an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic or heterocyclic radical or substituents which confer solubility in water, chosen from the group consisting of carboxylate, sulfonate or ammonium radicals; R3 is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic or heterocyclic radical or a radical which is bonded by a carbonyl, sulfonyl or a phosphonyl group, or is a carboxylate or a cyano group; Y is the group; in which R4 is hydrogen, an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic or heterocyclic radical and m is from 2 to 10, n is from 1 to 3, and x is the m-valent radical of a polyol having from 2 to 10 hydroxyl groups.

Abstract: A process for preparing fatty amines by the cross-metathesis of normal alpha olefins and acrylonitrile to form an intermediate fatty acid nitrile which is hydrogenated to the corresponding fatty amine.

Abstract: An ammoxidizable compound is reacted with an ammonium salt, especially an inorganic ammonium salt, in the presence of a source of oxygen and an ammoxidation catalyst at 100 to 700.degree. C., preferably 200 to 700.degree. C., in order to produce cyano compounds of the formula R--CN, in which R is H or an organic group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to dendritic, nitrogen-containing organic compounds containing at least 4 planar-chiral or axial-chiral groups, where these planar-chiral or axial-chiral groups are linked as Schiff's bases to the primary amino groups of compounds of the formula (I)(R.sup.1 R.sup.1)N--X--N(R.sup.1 R.sup.1) (I)whereR.sup.1 is (R.sup.2 R.sup.2)N--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 -- or (R.sup.2 R.sup.2)N--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --,R.sup.2 is hydrogen or (R.sup.3 R.sup.3)N--CH.sub.2).sub.2 -- or (R.sup.3 R.sup.3)N--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --,R.sup.3 is hydrogen or (R.sup.4 R.sup.4)N--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 -- or (R.sup.4 R.sup.4)N--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --,R.sup.4 is hydrogen or (R.sup.5 R.sup.5)--N--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 -- or (R.sup.5 R.sup.5)N--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --,R.sup.5 is hydrogen or (R.sup.6 R.sup.6)N--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 -- or (R.sup.6 R.sup.6)N--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 -- andR.sup.6 is hydrogen,X is an aliphatic and/or aromatic group, which may contain heteroatoms,which are suitable as catalysts for asymmetrical homogeneous catalysis.

Abstract: A catalyst useful in the conversion of nitrogen oxides or in the synthesis of nitriles or imines from amines, formed by preparing an intimate mechanical mixture of a copper (II)-containing species, such as CuO or CuCl.sub.2, or elemental copper, with a zeolite having a pore mouth comprising 10 oxygen atoms, such as ZSM-5, converting the elemental copper or copper (II) to copper (I), and driving the copper (I) into the zeolite.