Abstract: An oxygen transfer agent comprising a metal-boron oxide is provided. The average oxidation state of the metal in the metal-boron oxide is about 3+, and has 10% or less of a stoichiometric excess in moles of Mn with respect to the boron. The oxygen transfer agent may further comprise a magnesia-phosphate cement. The oxygen transfer agent is capable of oxidatively dehydrogenating a hydrocarbon feed at reaction conditions to produce a dehydrogenated hydrocarbon product and water. The oxidative dehydrogenation can take place under reaction conditions of less than 1000 ppm weight molecular oxygen, or in the presence of more than 1000 ppm weight of molecular oxygen. Also provided are methods of using the oxygen transfer agents, and an apparatus for effecting the oxidative dehydrogenation of the hydrocarbon feed.

Abstract: A method for N-formylating an amine that includes reacting the amine and a formamide compound in the presence of a phosphonic anhydride to form an N-formylated amine. The phosphonic anhydride is present in an amount of 5-100 mol % relative to a total number of moles of the amine, and the reacting is performed for 1-24 hours at a temperature of 45-100° C.

Abstract: A perfluoro unsaturated nitrile compound represented by the following general formula:CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFO(CF.sub.2)nOCF(CF.sub.3)CNis produced by reaction of chlorine or bromine to a perfluoro unsaturated carboxylic acid ester represented by the following general formula:CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFO(CF.sub.2)nOCF(CF.sub.3)COORfollowed by reaction with ammonia, thereby converting the ester group to an acid amide group, and then conducting a dehydration reaction and a dehalogenation reaction of the resulting perfluoro unsaturated carboxylic acid amide represented by the following general formula:CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFO(CF.sub.2)nOCF(CF.sub.3)CONH.sub.2in any desired sequence, and is effectively applied as a cross-linking site monomer for fluorine-containing elastomers.

Abstract: A perfluoro unsaturated nitrile compound represented by the following general formula:CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFO(CF.sub.2)nOCF(CF.sub.3)CNis produced by reaction of chlorine or bromine to a perfluoro unsaturated carboxylic acid ester represented by the following general formula:CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFO(CF.sub.2)nOCF(CF.sub.3)COORfollowed by reaction with ammonia, thereby converting the ester group to an acid amide group, and then conducting a dehydration reaction and a dehalogenation reaction of the resulting perfluoro unsaturated carboxylic acid amide represented by the following general formula:CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFO(CF.sub.2)nOCF(CF.sub.3)CONH.sub.2in any desired sequence, and is effectively applied as a cross-linking site monomer for fluorine-containing elastomers.

Abstract: There is disclosed a process of producing a 2-cyano-4-oxo-4H-benzopyran compound of the general formula (2): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, halogen, hydroxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkoxy, nitro or a group of the RCONH wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl, phenyl, phenyl-substituted (C.sub.1 -C.sub.20) alkyl, phenyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.20)alkoxyphenyl or (C.sub.1 -C.sub.20) alkoxyphenyl. This production process is characterized in that a carboxamide of the general formula (1): ##STR2## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each as defined above, is reacted with a dehydrating agent in the presence of a pyridine compound of the general formula (4): ##STR3## wherein A.sup.1 and A.sup.2 are independently hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl.

Abstract: A method for preparing an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated nitrile comprises bringing an .alpha.-oxycarboxylic acid amide represented by the following general formula: ##STR1## wherein R' and R" each represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group, with the proviso that at least one of R' and R" represents an alkyl group, into contact with a solid acid catalyst with heating in the presence of water in a molar ratio of not more than 15 with respect to the .alpha.-oxycarboxylic acid amide. The method makes it possible to directly produce an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated nitrile at high yield and high selectivity utilizing an .alpha.-oxycarboxylic acid amide as a starting material, which can easily be obtained from an .alpha.-oxynitrile.

Abstract: 1,1-disubstituted ethylene compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## where Z is COOR.sup.2, CN or COR.sup.3, R.sup.1 is an aliphatic, cycloalophatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic radical which may be further substituted by functional groups which are inert under the reaction conditions, R.sup.2 is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic radical of 1 to 15 carbon atoms and R.sup.3 is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic radical of 1 to 15 carbon atoms which may be substituted by groups which are inert under the reaction conditions, and R.sup.1 together with R.sup.2 or R.sup.1 together with R.sup.3 may furthermore form an alkylene chain of 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted by groups which are inert under the reaction conditions, are prepared from a formyl compound of the general formula II ##STR2## where Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the above meanings, by a process in which the reaction is carried out in the presence of formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde and(a) a C.sub.

Abstract: There are provided novel alkyl esters of substituted 2-methyl-3-quinolinecarboxylic acid and quinoline-2,3-dicarboxylic acid; novel dialkyl 3-(substituted)phenylaminobut-2-ene-dioates, useful as intermediates for the preparation of highly effective 2-(2-imidazolin-2-yl)quinoline herbicidal agents and methods for the preparation thereof.