Abstract: Disclosed is a method for controlling a biofilm removing a formed biofilm and/or controlling a growth of microorganisms, preferably bacteria, in an aqueous environment of an industrial manufacturing process including a cellulosic fibre material.

Abstract: A process for a preparation of arylsulfonylpropenenitriles is disclosed. A reaction starting from arylsulfonyl iodides is catalyzed by light. The process is scalable, environmentally benign and provides the product in good yield.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods for obtaining specific and non-toxic inhibitors of AID nuclear import. The methods comprise a primary screen and a counter screen to identify a pool of AID specific nuclear import inhibitors that do not have off-target of toxic effects. AID specific nuclear import inhibitors identified by the screens of the invention prevent nuclear entry, limit the access of AID to genomic DNA, and inhibit AID mutagenic activity. Preparations, including pharmaceutical preparations, comprising specific nuclear import inhibitors, used for example, to inhibit cancer progression, are also encompassed in the invention.

Abstract: In an aspect, an additive for an electrolyte of a lithium battery, the additive including a compound including at least three nitrile moieties is provided:

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to quinine-based and quinidine-based catalysts. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing a chiral, non-racemic compound from a prochiral electron-deficient alkene, comprising the step of: reacting a prochiral electron-deficient alkene with a nucleophile in the presence of a catalyst; thereby producing a chiral, non-racemic compound; wherein said catalyst is a derivatized quinine or quinidine.

Abstract: Compounds of formula II are described: wherein D, n, Ra, Rb, and Rc are as herein defined, along with pharmaceutical compositions and methods of using compounds of formula II for treating or reducing the risk of peritoneal carcinomatosis in a patient.

Abstract: Organic materials which possess outstanding stability to oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation comprise as stabilizers at least one compound of the formula I wherein the general symbols are as defined in claim 1. The compounds of formula I are especially useful as stabilizers for protecting polymers and lubricants against oxidative, thermal or light-induced degradation and as scavengers for oxidized developer in color photographic material.

Abstract: One aspect of the present invention relates to quinine-based and quinidine-based catalysts. Another aspect of the present invention relates to a method of preparing a chiral, non-racemic compound from a prochiral electron-deficient alkene, comprising the step of: reacting a prochiral electron-deficient alkene with a nucleophile in the presence of a catalyst; thereby producing a chiral, non-racemic compound; wherein said catalyst is a derivatized quinine or quinidine.

Abstract: There is provided a process for stereoselectively producing E-form of 3-acyloxyacrylonitrile compound (3) or Z-form which comprises reacting 3-oxopropionitrile compound (1) with an acid chloride (2), characterized in that the reaction is conducted with removal of hydrogen chloride, or by using an organic base or an inorganic base, to thereby regulate the stereostructure of the product; a process for producing the compound (1) characterized by reacting acetonitrile compound (5) with an aromatic ester compound (6) by use of an alkali metal alkoxide in a hydrocarbon solvent while removing alcohol formed as a by-product by azeotropic distillation in a separating tank; and a process for isomerizing E-form of 3-acyloxyacrylonitrile compound to Z-form thereof by use of an organic base.

Abstract: Succinoylamino hydroxyethylamino sulfonyl urea derivatives are effective as retroviral protease inhibitors, and in particular as inhibitors of HIV protease.

Abstract: Methods of synthesizing pure enantiomers of acylanalides such as Casodex® (bicalutamide) and its derivatives utilizing a compound having a ring structure that, when opened, provides a substituent having the structure of Formula I: wherein R1 is alkyl or haloalkyl having up to 4 carbons; R2 is alkyl having up to 6 carbon atoms; and R3 is CH2OR4 where R4 is hydrogen or benzyl, C(O)CH3, or C(O)OR5 where R5 is hydrogen or alkyl; are disclosed. Methods of synthesizing acylanalides such as Casodex® (bicalutamide) and/or derivatives thereof from a starting material of citramalic acid are also provided.

Abstract: A method of selectively controlling undesirable vegetation in crops by using a postemergent application of an herbicidally effective amount of a metal chelate of a 2-(substituted benzoyl)-1,3-cyclohexanedione compound to the locus of such undesirable vegetation.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing N-(5-amino-2-cyano-4-fluoro-phenyl)-sulphonamides in which, in a first step, 2-amino-4,5-difluoro-benzonitrile is reacted with sulphonyl halides in the presence of an acid acceptor and in the presence of a diluent at temperatures between 0° C. and 150° C. and, in a second step, the N-(2-cyano-4,5-difluoro-phenyl)-sulphonamides and/or N-(2-cyano-4,5-difluoro-phenyl)-sulphonimides obtained in the first step are as pure substances or as mixtures with ammonia in the presence of a diluent reacted at a temperature between 100° C. and 200° C. The invention furthermore relates to novel intermediates of the process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel selective cathepsin S inhibitors, the pharmaceutically acceptable salts and N-oxides thereof, their uses as therapeutic agents and the methods of their making.

Abstract: Disclosed are substituted cyanoenamines, compositions containing these compounds, and methods for preparing these compounds. These compounds are useful in the treatment of diseases of the central nervous system, the cardiovascular system, the pulmonary system, the gastrointestinal system and the endocrinologic system.

Abstract: Hydroxamic acids having the formula are useful in treating disease conditions mediated by TNF-&agr;, such as rheumatoid arthritis, osteoarthritis, sepsis, AIDS, ulcerative colitis, multiple sclerosis, Crohn's disease and degenerative cartilage loss.

Abstract: Acrylonitrile compounds having pesticidal activity of formula (I) and salts thereof. wherein Q is Y is ═C(R4)— or ═N—, R1 is alkyl, haloalkyl, etc., each of R2 and R3 is halogen, alkyl which may be substituted, alkenyl which may be substituted, etc., R4 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or haloalkyl, 1 is from 1 to 4, m is from 0 to 5, n is from 0 to 3, q is from 0 to 4, when 1 is 2 or more, a plurality of R2 may be the same or different, when each of m, n and q is 2 or more, a plurality of R3 may be the same or different.

Abstract: Novel benzophenonehydrazone derivatives represented by the formula (I): ##STR1## wherein, R.sup.1 is halogen; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; R.sup.3 is cyano, optically substituted C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.2-4 alkenyl, C.sub.3-4 alkynyl, C.sub.1-4 alkyl-carbonyl or C.sub.1-4 alkoxy-thiocarbonyl; R.sup.4 is hydrogen, phenyl, optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl, optionally substituted C.sub.2-8 alkenyl, --CO--R.sup.8, --CO--O--R.sup.9 or ##STR2## R.sup.5 is hydrogen, formyl, phenyl, optionally substituted C.sub.1-8 alkyl, optionally substituted C.sub.2-8 alkenyl, optionally substituted C.sub.3-8 alkynyl, optionally substituted C.sub.1-8 alkyl-arbonyl, optionally substituted C.sub.1-6 alkyl-oxalyl, optionally substituted C.sub.1-8 alkoxy-carbonyl, optionally substituted C.sub.1-8 alkoxy-oxalyl, optionally substituted C.sub.3-8 cycloalkyl-carbonyl, optionally substituted C.sub.2-8 alkenyl-carbonyl or optionally substituted benzoyl; R.sup.6 is hydrogen or halogen; R.sup.7 is hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.

Abstract: The present invention relates to organic molecules capable of modulating tyrosine kinase signal transduction and particularly KDR/FLK-1 receptor signal transduction in order to regulate and/or modulate vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. The invention is based, in part, on the demonstration that KDR/FLK-1 tyrosine kinase receptor expression is associated with endothelial cells and the identification of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) as the high affinity ligand of FLK-1. These results indicate a major role for KDR/FLK-1 in the signaling system during vasculogenesis and angiogenesis. Engineering of host cells that express FLK-1 and the uses of expressed FLK-1 to evaluate and screen for drugs and analogs of VEGF involved in FLK-1 modulation by either agonist or antagonist activities is also described.

Abstract: Bis(perfluorosulphonyl)methanes, process for preparing same and uses thereof. The compounds of the invention are based on the formula (1/nM)+[(R.sub.F SO.sub.2).sub.2 CY].sup.- in which Y denotes an electron-attracting group chosen from --C.dbd.N and RZ groupings in which Z denotes a carbonyl grouping, sulphonyl grouping or a phosphonyl grouping and R denotes an organic monovalent grouping, M denotes a metal having valency n or an organic group capable of existing in the cationic form, R.sub.F denotes a perfluoroalkyl or perfluoroaryl grouping. Said compounds are especially useful in the production of electrochemical devices.

Abstract: New cyanoalkene derivatives of the formula (I) ##STR1## are described, in which R and R.sup.1 have the meaning given in the description, and a process for their preparation.The new cyanoalkene derivatives are used for combating microorganisms for the protection of industrial materials.

Abstract: There are described water soluble azo compounds conforming to the formula (1)D--N.dbd.N--K (1)where D is a radical of the formula (2), (2a) or (2b) ##STR1##where Y is a substituent which is eliminable by alkali to form a vinyl group, Y.sup.2 has one of the meanings of Y or is hydroxyl, X is chlorine or bromine, and R is hydrogen, lower alkyl, phenyl or halogen, and K is a radical of a singly couplable coupling component which may additionally contain an azo group, or the radical of a doubly couplable coupling component.The compounds of the formula (1) have fiber-reactive properties and are very highly suitable for use as dyes for dyeing hydroxy- and/or carboxamido-containing material, in particular fiber material, for example cellulose-fiber materials, wool and synthetic polyamide fibers, in strong, fast shades.There are also described novel starting compounds of the formulae (7), (7a) and (7b) ##STR2##where Y.sup.2, X and R are each as defined above, x is zero or 2 and W is nitro or amino.

Abstract: A herbicidal compound of formula (I): ##STR1## wherein X is O, S(O).sub.n or NR.sup.a where R.sup.a is H or alkyl and n is 0, 1 or 2;R.sup.1 is H or halo;R.sup.2 is N or CR.sup.3 where R.sup.3 is halo or NO.sub.2 ;R.sup.4 is H, halo, NO.sub.2, alkyl, haloalkyl, CN, CO.sub.2 alkyl, cycloalkyl, phenyl, COalkyl, COphenyl, CHO,OH, NH.sub.2, NHCOalkyl or alkoxyR.sup.5 is H, halo or optionally substituted alkyl;R.sup.6 is H, halo or optionally substituted alkyl; provided that at least one of R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 is halo;R.sup.7 is CN, CHO, COOR.sup.8, CONR.sup.8 R.sup.9, where R.sup.8 is H, optionally substituted alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl or aryl and R.sup.9 is a group R.sup.8, SO.sub.2 alkyl, NR.sup.10 R.sup.11 or N.sup.+ R.sup.10 R.sup.11 R.sup.12 Z.sup.- where Z is an agriculturally acceptable anion e.g. chloride and R.sup.10, R.sup.11 and R.sup.12 are independently selected from hydrogen and alkyl. Processes for the preparation of these compounds and compositions containing them are also described.

Abstract: This invention relates to (R)-.alpha.-methyl-4-halobenzenemethanamine salts of epimers of acids of the formula ##STR1## and the use of these salts to separate these epimers. These acids are leukotriene antagonists.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or ##STR2## wherein R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are alkylene having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.7 is hydrogen or 3-C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; and R.sup.8 is (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) OCF.sub.3 ; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n -- wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (b) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituted with halogen or cyano; (c) phenyl; or (d) benzyl; (10) --NR.sup.c R.sup.d wherein R.sup.c and R.sup.d independently are hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (11) R.sup.e C(O)-- wherein R.sup.e is C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Fungicidal compounds having the formula: ##STR1## and stereoisomers thereof, wherein R.sup.1 is optionally substituted C.sub.2-10 alkenyl, optionally substituted C.sub.5-6 cycloalkenyl, optionally substituted C.sub.2-10 alkynyl, or C.sub.1-10 alkyl substituted with --CN, --NC, --COR.sup.2, --CO.sub.2 R.sup.2, --NO.sub.2 or --SCN; X is O, S(O)n or NR.sup.2 and is attached to the 3- or the 4-position of the phenyl ring; Y and Z, which may be the same or different, are H, halogen, --CH.sub.3, --C.sub.2 H.sub.5, or --OCH.sub.3 ; R.sup.2 is H, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkenyl, or, when R.sup.2 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl in the group --COR.sup.2, it joins with the alkyl group to which --COR.sup.2 is attached to form a 5- or 6-membered aliphatic ring; and n is 0, 1 or 2.

Abstract: Sulfonium and oxysulfonium salts, useful as photoinitiators, have directly attached to the sulfur atom thereof:at least one aromatic or heterocyclic aromatic substituent containing at least 14 aromatic atoms and having a removable positive hydrogen ion, said substituent exhibiting a higher energy occupied molecular orbital than at least one other substituent directly attached to said sulfur atom;and at least one substituent comprising an electron withdrawing group and exhibiting a lower energy unoccupied molecular orbital than at least one other substituent directly attached to said sulfur atom;said salt being capable, upon exposure to visible radiation, of undergoing irreversible intramolecular rearrangement to form a Bronsted acid comprising the anion of said salt and said removable positive hydrogen ion.

Abstract: Novel immunoassay which utilizes an enzyme linked ligand or receptor wherein the enzyme is bacterial luciferase; mercantile kit useful in performing said immunoassay; and compounds utilized in performing said assay.

Abstract: Herbicidal compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is halogen; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; trifluoromethoxy; difluoromethoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; R.sup.a SO.sub.n - wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or difluoromethyl;R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; andR.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n - wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (b) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl substituted with halogen or cyano; (c) phenyl; or (d) benzyl; (10) --NR.sup.c R.sup.d wherein R.sup.c and R.sup.d independently are hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (11) R.sup.e C(O)- wherein R.sup.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein X has the formula --CR.sup.5 .dbd.CR.sup.6 --, --C.tbd.C-- or ##STR2## wherein ring A is phenyl, naphthyl or heterocyclic; wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen, alkyl, alkanoyl or aroyl;wherein R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4, which may be the same or different, each is an electron withdrawing substituent of each is hydrogen or alkyl, alkoxy or dialkylamino, provided that when ring A is phenyl or naphthyl at least one of R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 is an electron-withdrawing substitutent;wherein R.sup.5 and R.sup.6, each is hydrogen, halogeno or alkyl;wherein R.sup.7 is alkyl or halogenoalkyl; and wherein R.sup.8 has the formula --Y--Q--R.sup.9 wherein Y is straight- or branched-chain alkylene or alkenylene; wherein Q is --O--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --; andwherein R.sup.9 is alkyl or up to 6 carbon atoms which contains one or more defined substituents, processes for their manufacture and pharmaceutical compositions containing them.

Abstract: There are provided anti-allergic pharmaceutical compounds of formula: ##STR1## in which n is 0, 1 or 2; R.sup.1 is a hydrocarbyl group containing 6 to 30 carbon atoms and optionally substituted with an optionally substituted phenyl group; R.sup.2 is (i) optionally optionally protected tetrazolyl, --COR.sup.6 where R.sup.6 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, an optionally protected amino acid residue or --NR.sub.2.sup.7 where each R.sup.7 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl, and --NHR.sup.8 where R.sup.8 is hydrogen, a protecting group, an optionally protected amino acid residue, C.sub.1-4 alkyl or --COR.sup.9 where R.sup.9 is C.sub.1-4 alkyl or C.sub.1-4 alkoxy, or (iii) C.sub.1-10 alkyl substituted with a group selected from ##STR2## where each R.sup.10 is hydrogen or C.sub.1-4 alkyl; and R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each selected from hydrogen, carboxyl, C.sub.2-5 alkoxycarbonyl, C.sub.1-4 alkyl, hydroxyl, optionally protected tetrazolyl, halo, trifluoromethyl, nitrile, nitro and --CONR.sub.2.sup.

Abstract: Aryl difluoromethyl sulfone adds to alkehydes under phase transfer conditions to give novel substituted alcohols of the general formulaRCH(OH)CF.sub.2 SO.sub.2 Ar (I)wherein R is an aryl, cycloaliphatic, sec- or tert-aliphatic, or heterocyclic group and Ar is an aryl group. The substituted alcohols of formula I are of particular utility as intermediates in the synthesis of a variety of useful end products. For example, the products of formula I may be utilized in desulfonylation reactions, oxidation reactions and fluorination reactions.

Abstract: An intermediate compound having the structural formula ##STR1## wherein R is halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy, nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl, or R.sup.a SO.sub.n - wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 together can be oxo; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub. 1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n - wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Intermediate compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is oxy, thio, sulfinyl or sulfonyl; R is halogen; C.sub.1 C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; trifluoromethoxy; difluoromethoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; R.sup.a SO.sub.n -- wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; trifluoromethyl or difluoromethyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or phenyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene; R.sup.3 hydrogen, C.sub.1 C.sub.4 alkyl, or phenyl with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are not both phenyl; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, or phenyl; R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.60 is halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, cyano, nitro, S(O).sub.n R wherein R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.61 through R.sup.66 are hydrogen or certain substituents, their salts, herbicidal compositions containing the compound or salts and the herbicidal use thereof.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is oxy, thio, sulfinyl or sulfonyl;R is halogen; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; trifluoromethoxy; difluoromethoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; R.sup.a SO.sub.n -- wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, trifluoromethyl or difluoromethyl;R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are not both phenyl or substituted phenyl;R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.6 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, or phenyl;R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is halogen; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy; trifluoromethoxy; difluoromethoxy; nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl; R.sup.a SO.sub.n -- wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; trifluoromethyl or difluoromethyl;R.sup.1 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, halogen, phenyl or substituted phenyl;R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; orR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are C.sub.2 -C.sub.5 alkylene;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, phenyl or substituted phenyl, with the proviso that R.sup.1 and R.sup.3 are not both phenyl or substituted phenyl;R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.5 is hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl;R.sup.6 is halogen, cyano, nitro, trifluoromethyl, --C(O)--OR.sup.f wherein R.sup.f is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, or --C(O)NR.sub.2.sup.b wherein R.sup.b is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl;R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A compound of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkoxy, nitro; cyano; C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 haloalkyl, or R.sup.a SO.sub.n -- wherein n is 0 or 2 and R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.2 alkyl; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 can be oxo; R.sup.5 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.6 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; or R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 together are alkylene having 2 to 5 carbon atoms; and R.sup.7 and R.sup.8 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) trifluoromethoxy; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n -- wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (b) C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Compounds with the structural unit ##STR1## are very valuable UV absorbents, especially in photographic recording materials.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is halogen, preferably chlorine or bromine; C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, preferably methoxy; nitro; cyano; --S(O).sub.n R' wherein n is the integer 0, 1 or 2, preferably 2 and R' is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, preferably methyl; or R is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or methyl and most preferably R is chlorine, bromine, methoxy, nitro, methyl or CF.sub.3 ; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.2 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or ##STR2## wherein R.sup.a is C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 together are alkylene having 3 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 independently are (1) hydrogen; (2) halogen; (3) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (4) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy; (5) OCF.sub.3 ; (6) cyano; (7) nitro; (8) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl; (9) R.sup.b SO.sub.n -- wherein n is the integer 0, 1, or 2; and R.sup.b is (a) C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl; (b) C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of cyclopropane carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein Z is selected from the group consisting of --CN, --COOH and --COOR.sub.1, R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms and R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are alkyl of 1 to 4 carbon atoms or taken together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbon homocycle of 3 to 6 carbon atoms comprising reacting at low temperatures in a solvent in the presence of a strong base a compound of the formula ##STR2## wherein Z has the above definitions and R is alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms or together form a polymethylene of 2 to 3 carbon atoms with a sulfone of the formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 have the above definitions and Y is an aromatic group followed by aqueous treatment to obtain a compound of the formula ##STR4## wherein Y, R, R.sub.2, R.sub.

Abstract: Triphenylene derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## wherein X.sup.1 to X.sup.6 are each, independently of one another, --SH, --SR, --SOR, --SO.sub.2 R or --S--COR, and each R is an alkyl group with up to 20 C atoms, it being possible for one or two CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by O atoms and/or by unsubstituted or substituted vinylene or vinylidene groups, may be used as components of discotic liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: New 2-arylimidazopyridines of the general formula I ##STR1## wherein --A.dbd.B-- is (a) --CH.dbd.N-- or (b) N.dbd.CH--, Ar is a phenyl radical, which, in case (a), is substituted by one or two alkynyloxy, cyanomethoxy, carboxymethoxy, and/or alkyloxycarbonylmethoxy groups, and can be substituted by one or two additional hydroxyl, alkyloxy, alkenyloxy and/or alkynyloxy groups, or which in case (b), is substituted by one to three hydroxyl, mercapto, and/or --Z--R groups,Z is --O--, --S-- or --SO-- andR is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, hydroxyalkyl, cyanomethyl, carboxymethyl or alkyloxycarbonylmethyl, the alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl and hydroxyalkyl groups each having up to 5 C atoms, but wherein in case (b), the phenyl radical is only substituted by hydroxyl or methoxy groups if it has at the same time at least one other substituent differing from these,and their physiologically acceptable salts shown positive inotropic effects.

Abstract: 3-Phenoxybenzyl-(2-phenyl-2,2-alkylene-ethyl) ethers and -thioethers of the formula ##STR1## wherein A is oxygen or sulfur,R.sub.1 is hydrogen, methyl, cyano or ethinyl,R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl,n is 2 to 4,X.sub.1 is hydrogen, halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -haloalkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -haloalkoxy,X.sub.2 is hydrogen, halogen or C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 -alkyl, or together with X.sub.1 in the adjacent position is methylenedioxy, andX.sub.3 and X.sub.4 are each hydrogen or halogen.A process for producing these compounds and their use for controlling pests are described.