Abstract: This invention provides, but is not limited to, novel oleanolic acid derivatives having the formula: wherein the variables are defined herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions, kits and articles of manufacture comprising such compounds, methods and intermediates useful for making the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions.

Abstract: The present invention features monocyclic cyanoenone compositions and methods for using the same in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: A compound and a fragrance composition containing the same are provided, wherein the compound has a citrus odor in addition to a muguet odor, which is useful as a fragrance, is stable in an aqueous vehicle, and can provide a bright muguet odor with good fragrance retention by being blended with another fragrance. Particularly, they are 4(3)-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-carbonitrile and a fragrance composition containing 4(3)-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-carbonitrile.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of 1-H-pyrrolidine-2,4-dione derivatives and to novel intermediates and to a process for their preparation.

Abstract: A compound and a fragrance composition containing the same are provided, wherein the compound has a citrus odor in addition to a muguet odor, which is useful as a fragrance, is stable in an aqueous vehicle, and can provide a bright muguet odor with good fragrance retention by being blended with another fragrance. Particularly, they are 4(3)-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-carbonitrile and a fragrance composition containing 4(3)-(4-hydroxy-4-methylpentyl)-3-cyclohexene-1-carbonitrile.

Abstract: The present invention provides synthetic routes for preparing various isomers of cyclohexane-based coolants, such as menthyl esters and menthanecarboxamide derivatives, in particular those substituted at the amide nitrogen, for example with an aromatic ring or aryl moiety. Such structures have high cooling potency and long lasting sensory effect, which make them useful in a wide variety of consumer products. One synthetic route involves a copper catalyzed coupling of a primary menthanecarboxamide with an aryl halide, such reaction working best in the presence of potassium phosphate and water. Using this synthetic route, specific isomers can be prepared including the menthanecarboxamide isomer having the same configuration as l-menthol and new isomers such as a neoisomer having opposite stereochemistry at the carboxamide (C-1) position. The neoisomer unexpectedly has potent and long lasting cooling effect.

Abstract: The present invention refers to the preparation of 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone (isophorone nitrile, abbreviation IPN) using a calcium alkoxide, particularly calcium ethoxide, as catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of cis-1-ammonium-4-alkoxycyclohexanecarbonitrile salts and to novel intermediates or starting compounds which are passed through or used in the process according to the invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of general formula I, (I), wherein R is wherein R is aryl substituted by R3; or R is (C3-Ci3)-cycloalkyl, (C3-Ci3)-cycloalkenyl or (C7-Ci3)-cycloalkynyl optionally substituted by R4; and pharmaceutically acceptable salts, hydrates, or solvates thereof, for use—alone or in combination with one or more other pharmaceutically active compounds—in therapy, for preventing, treating or ameliorating diseases or conditions responsive to stimulation of neutrophil oxidative burst, responsive to stimulation of keratinocyte IL-8 release or responsive to induction of necrosis.

Abstract: The present invention features monocyclic cyanoenone compositions and methods for using the same in the treatment of diseases such as cancer, inflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: This invention provides, but is not limited to, novel oleanolic acid derivatives having the formula: wherein the variables are defined herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions, kits and articles of manufacture comprising such compounds, methods and intermediates useful for making the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of cis-1-ammonium-4-alkoxycyclohexanecarbonitrile salts and to novel intermediates or starting compounds which are passed through or used in the process according to the invention.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for the preparation of 1-H-pyrrolidine-2,4-dione derivatives and to novel intermediates and to a process for their preparation.

Abstract: This invention provides, but is not limited to, novel oleanolic acid derivatives having the formula: wherein the variables are defined herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions, kits and articles of manufacture comprising such compounds, methods and intermediates useful for making the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions.

Abstract: Processes are provided for synthesizing substituted cyclohexane carbonitriles, particularly 1-(2-ethylbutyl)cyclohexane carbonitrile. Such processes comprise deprotonizing cyclohexane carbonitrile with chloro magnesium N,N-diisopropylamide and alkylating the deprotonated cyclohexane carbonitrile in the presence of 2-(ethylbutyl) bromide to produce 1-(2-ethylbutyl)cyclohexane carbonitrile.

Abstract: This invention provides, but is not limited to, novel oleanolic acid derivatives having the formula: wherein the variables are defined herein. Also provided are pharmaceutical compositions, kits and articles of manufacture comprising such compounds, methods and intermediates useful for making the compounds, and methods of using the compounds and compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed is a compound represented by the following formula 1: wherein, each of R1˜R13 independently represents —H, —F, —Cl, —Br, —I, —OH, —SH, —COOH, —PO3H2, —NH2, —NO2, —O(CH2CH2O)nH (wherein, n is an integer of 1˜5), C1˜C12 alkyl group, C1˜C12 aminoalkyl group, C1˜C12 hydroxyalkyl group, C1˜C12 haloalkyl group, C2˜C12 alkenyl group, C1˜C12 alkoxy group, C1˜C12 alkylamino group, C1˜C12 dialkylamino group, C6˜C18 aryl group, C6˜C18 aminoaryl group, C6˜C18 hydroxyaryl group, C6˜C18 haloaryl group, C7˜C18 benzyl group, C7˜C18 aminobenzyl group, C7˜C18 hydroxybenzyl group, C7˜C18 halobenzyl group, or nitrile group (—CN); and at least one of R4˜R13 is nitrile group (—CN). A non-aqueous electrolyte comprising: (i) a lithium salt, (ii) a solvent, and (iii) a compound represented by formula 1; and a secondary battery comprising the non-aqueous electrolyte are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method comprising providing a starting composition comprising a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a polyunsaturated fatty ester, a carboxylate salt of a polyunsaturated fatty acid, a polyunsaturated triglyceride, or a mixture thereof; self-metathesizing the starting composition or cross-metathesizing the starting composition with at least one short-chain olefin in the presence of a metathesis catalyst to form self-/cross-metathesis products comprising: cyclohexadiene; at least one olefin; and one or more acid-, ester-, or salt-functionalized alkene; and reacting cyclohexadiene to produce at least one cycloalkane or cycloalkane derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention refers to new derivatives of the penta-1,4-dien-3-ones, as well as their processes of preparation. These compounds present strong antitumoral activity and promising antiparasitic action, behaving as almost atoxic by laboratory assays and also by hystopathologic studies. The present invention refers also to a pharmaceutical composition including the referred compounds, method of treatment for cancer and parasitic diseases.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds that are inhibitors of cysteine proteases, in particular, cathepsins B, K, L, F, and S and are therefore useful in treating diseases mediated by these proteases. The present invention is directed to pharmaceutical compositions comprising these compounds and processes for preparing them.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel class of compounds which are cysteine protease inhibitors, including but not limited to, inhibitors of cathepsins K, L, S and B. These compounds are useful for treating diseases in which inhibition of bone resorption is indicated, such as osteoporosis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process of preparing a compound of formula II, wherein R1, n, m and p are defined in the specification.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a coupling method between intramolecular carbon using the intramolecular cyclization reaction in situ of an allyl-indium compound derived from an allyl derivative containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound and indium, in presence of a transition metal compound catalyst. More particularly, the present invention relates to a coupling method between intramolecular carbon for preparing a cyclic compound having a vinyl group as a substituent by bonding a carbon in an allyl derivative containing an unsaturated hydrocarbon compound and a carbon in the unsaturated hydrocarbon compound via intramolecular cyclization reaction in situ of an allyl-indium compound as a coupling agent derived from the allyl derivative containing the unsaturated hydrocarbon and indium (In), in presence of a palladium catalyst.

Abstract: This invention relates to a novel class of compounds which are cysteine protease inhibitors, including but not limited to, inhibitors of cathepsins K, L, S and B. These compounds are useful for treating diseases in which inhibition of bone resorption is indicated, such as osteoporosis.

Abstract: The present invention comprises the simultaneous ring opening and concomitant N-substitution of various N-tosyl aziridines with different aliphatic and aromatic nitriles in presence of catalytic amount of metal triflates to afford different N-substituted ?-amino nitriles in excellent yields and selectivities.

Abstract: Trifluoromethyl-substituted spirocyclic ketoenols of the formula (I) are provided wherein Het represents one of the groups and G, V, W, X, Y, and Z are as defined in the specification. Also provides are processes for the preparation of the compounds. The compounds of formula (I) find use as pesticides.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of mono-, bi- or poly-functional biaryls in the presence of a metal complex of the general formula IV as catalyst.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of a cyclic amino acid by a novel synthesis is described where benzonitrile is treated with an alkali metal and an amine under Birch reduction conditions to generate in situ an anionic intermediate which is alkylated with an &agr;-haloacetic acid moiety which is subsequently converted to the desired product, as well as valuable intermediates used in the process.

Abstract: The invention provides a compound of formula (I): 1

Abstract: A process for the cyanoethylation of substituted cycloaliphatic vicinal diamines which comprises reacting acrylonitrile and a diamine in the presence water as catalyst. Cyanoethylated methylcyclohexylamines are readily prepared in the presence of water.

Abstract: New tropane analogs that bind to monoamine transporters are described, particularly, 8-aza, 8carbo and 8-oxo tropanes having 6- or 7-substituents. The compounds of the present invention can be racemic, pure R-enantiomers, or pure S-enantiomers. Certain preferred compounds of the present invention have a high selectivity for the DAT versus the SERT. Also described are pharmaceutical therapeutic compositions comprising the compounds formulated in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a method for inhibiting 5-hydroxy-tryptamine reuptake of a monoamine transporter by contacting the monoamine transporter with a 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibiting amount of a compound of the present invention. Preferred monoamine transporters for the practice of the present invention include the dopamine transporter, the serotonin transporter and the norepinephrine transporter.

Abstract: The present invention describes liquid crystal compounds which are suitable for use in liquid crystal devices including those which exploit the electroclinic effect.

Abstract: Substituted cyclohexene-1,2-dicarboxylic acid derivatives I ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4, R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 are herein defined, or the agriculturally useful salts of Ia and Ib and intermediates for their preparation, which compounds are useful as herbicides and for the desiccation/defoliation of plants.

Abstract: Novel carbocyclic compounds are described. The compounds generally comprise an acidic group, a basic group, a substituted amino or N-acyl and a group having an optionally hydroxylated alkane moiety. Pharmaceutical compositions comprising the inhibitors of the invention are also described. Methods of inhibiting neuraminidase in samples suspected of containing neuraminidase are also described. Antigenic materials, polymers, antibodies, conjugates of the compounds of the invention with labels, and assay methods for detecting neuraminidase activity are also described.

Abstract: Novel cyanocycloalkylacetic acids and esters as well as salts thereof and in particular 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetic acid and ethyl 1-cyanocyclohexaneacetate are described which are useful as intermediates in a process for the preparation of cyclic amino acids.

Abstract: A compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein W, X, Y, and Z are as defined in the specification is useful for making 2,4-diaminoquinazolines.

Abstract: Novel compounds of Formula (I) ##STR1## where X.sub.4 is a substituted cyclohexane or cyclohexane group and the other radicals are defined herein. These compounds inhibit the production of Tumor Necrosis Factor and are useful in the treatment of disease states mediated or exacerbated by TNF production. The compounds of the present invention are also useful in the mediation or inhibition of enzymatic or catalytic activity of phosphodiesterase IV and are therefore useful in the treatment of disease states in need of mediation or inhibition thereof.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexanone by the reaction of isophorone with hydrogen cyanide in the presence of quaternary ammonium catalysts at temperatures ranging from 80.degree. to 180.degree. C. and pressures ranging from 0.5 to 20 bar, in which the ammonium catalysts used are salts of the general formula I ##STR1## in which R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 denote C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, aryl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.18 aralkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 hydroxyalkyl andX denotes HCO.sub.3 or ##STR2## with the proviso that R.sup.4 stands for C.sub.1 -C.sub.

Abstract: Isophorone diamine is prepared from isophorone nitrile by imination using a supported heteropoly acid catalyst to form the ketimine followed by the reduction of the ketimine to form the diamine.

Abstract: A new process for the production of 1-amino-1-methyl-3(4)-cyanocyclohexane (AMCC), an intermediate for the manufacture of 1-isocyanato-1-methyl-3(4)-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane. In this process, 4(5)-cyano-1-methylcyclohexene is reacted with excess hydrogen cyanide in the presence of aqueous sulfuric acid to form 1-formamido-1-methyl-3(4)-cyanocyclohexane which is then selectively hydrolyzed in an acidic medium to form AMCC.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of cyclic amino acids by a novel synthesis is described where a dinitrile derivative is converted in two steps to the desired products, as well as valuable intermediates used in the process.

Abstract: A method of enantiomerically enriching chiral cyanohydrins is disclosed that involves selective cleavage of the unwanted enantiomer into its cleavage products HCN and the corresponding aldehyde or ketone by use of an enantioselective dehydrocyanation catalyst, coupled with simultaneous removal of at least one of the dehydrocyanation products.

Abstract: 9.alpha.-Hydroxy-19,11.beta.-bridged steroids of general formula I ##STR1## are described. The more detailed meaning of A, B, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, G, Z, R.sup.4 --Y and R.sup.4' --Y' follows from the description. The steroids of general formula I have antigestagen and/or antiglucocorticoidal action and can be used for the production of pharmaceutical agents.

Abstract: The invention provides a novel class of propargyl compounds represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is an C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkyl group, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylene group, C.sub.1 -C.sub.20 alkylene group interrupted by --NH-- group(s), C.sub.6 -C.sub.7 alicyclic group and an aromatic group; R.sub.1 comprises 1-100% --CH.sub.2 --C.tbd.CH group and 99-0% hydrogen atom and n is an integer of 1 to 4, and preparation thereof.These compounds are useful as coating material or sealer or rim-injection molding material.

Abstract: 2-amino-3-methyl-1-naphthalenecarbonitriles of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, halogen, cyano, or hydrogen are prepared by pyrolizing a by-product of a SAN or ABS manufacturing process of the formula: ##STR2## wherein R is alkyl of from 1 to 6 carbon atoms, halogen, cyano, or hydrogen.In another respect, this invention is a process for identifying aldehydes comprising: (a) contacting 2-amino-3-methyl-1-naphthalene-carbonitrile with aldehydes to form an UV-absorbing imine, and (b) analyzing the imine using conventional analytical techniques to identify the presence of the imines.

Abstract: Optically active compounds of the formula I can be used as components of chiral tilted smectic liquid crystal phases.

Abstract: The invention relates to new fluoromethylated polycyanobenzenes of the formula ##STR1## in which X represents hydrogen, fluorine or chlorine,m is 1 or 2 andn is (6-m),to a process for their preparation and to the salt-like alkali metal cyanide adducts of the fluoromethylated polycyanobenzenes formed as intermediates in this preparation process and to the use of the fluoromethylated polycyanobenzenes for the detection of anions.

Abstract: Non-peptidyl compounds characterized generally as cycloalkyl/cycloalkylkyl-N-terminal amino hydroxy .beta.-amino acid derivatives are useful as renin inhibitors for treatment of hypertension. Compounds of particular interest of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is selected from cycloalkyl and cycloakylalkyl groups, wherein said cycloalkyl group contains three to about eight carbon atoms and the acyclic alkyl portion of said cycloakylalkyl group contains one to about eight carbon atoms; wherein each of R.sub.2 and R.sub.4 is independently selected from hydrido and methyl; wherein R.sub.3 is methyl or ethyl; wherein R.sub.5 is cyclohexylmethyl; wherein R.sub.6 is hydroxy; and wherein R.sub.7 is isobutyl or ethyl; or a pharmaceutically-acceptable salt thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to bis(3-cyano-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexylidene)-azine (=IPN-azine), a method of its preparation by reacting 1,3,3-trimethyl-5-oxocyclohexane carbonitrile (=IPN) with a source for hydrazine in a molar ratio of essentially 2 to 1 in the presence of a solvent and to a method for the further processing of the IPN-azine to 3-(aminomethyl)-3,5,5-trimethylcyclohexyl amine (isophorone diamine=IPDA) by means of a hydrogenating azine splitting with hydrogen in the presence of an organic solvent, ammonia and of a catalytic system from the series (a) of a cobalt- or nickel-containing Raney catalyst and of a cocatalyst from the series of salts of the elements aluminum, cobalt, nickel, yttrium, lanthanum, cerium, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir and Pt or of carrier-supported noble metals from the series Ru, Rh, Pd, Ir, Pt or b) of a carrier-supported Ru-, Pd- or Pt catalyst at a pressure of 3 to 30 MPa and a temperature of 50.degree. to 150.degree. C.

Abstract: A method of enantiomerically enriching chiral cyanohydrins is disclosed that involves selective cleavage of the unwanted enantiomer into its cleavage products HCN and the corresponding aldehyde or ketone by use of an enantioselective dehydrocyanation catalyst, coupled with simultaneous removal of at least one of the dehydrocyanation products.