Abstract: A fluoroalkane derivative represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R denotes an alkyl group having 1-16 carbon atoms, C* denotes an asymmetric carbon atom, R.sup.1 denotes an alkyl or alkoxy group having 1-16 carbon atoms; ##STR2## respectively denote a phenylene group ##STR3## a cyclohexylene group ##STR4## or a pyrimidinylene group ##STR5## p is 0 or 1, q is 0 or 1 when p is 1, r is 0 or 1; and l, m and n are respectively 0 or a positive integer satisfying the relationship of l+m+n.gtoreq.1. The fluoroalkane derivative has a fluorine atom providing a large dipole moment and directly connected to an asymmetric carbon atom, so that it provides a high speed responsive characteristic through an increased spontaneous polarization when contained in a liquid crystal composition, especially a ferroelectric liquid crystal composition.

Abstract: This invention encompasses prostaglandins of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, vinyl, or lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the wavy line represents R or S stereochemistry; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together with carbon Y form a cycloalkenyl having 4 to 6 carbon atoms or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with carbons X and Y form a cycloalkenyl having 4 to 6 carbons. Compounds of this invention have potent gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective properties with unexpectedly lower diarrheogenic side effects.

Abstract: Bicyclic sulfonamido derivatives represented by the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is a hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sub.2 is an alkyl, substituted or unsubstituted aryl, aralkyl or heterocycle; R.sub.3 is a hydrogen or methyl; X is an alkylene or alkenylene which may be substituted by a fluorine atom or atoms an may contain an oxygen, sulfur and/or phenylene in the chain; Y is straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene, oxygen, or sulfur; m is 0 or 1; and n is 0, 1 or 2, or their salt, said derivatives being useful as antithrombotic, anti-vasoconstricting, and anti-bronchoconstricting drugs.

Abstract: An ethylene biosynthesis inhibitor is provided comprising 2-cycloalkyl-1-aminocyclopropanecarboxylic acids or a derivative thereof. By applying the subject compound in an ethylene-production-inhibiting amount, ripening and senescence can be slowed. The compound finds use in conjunction with the inhibition of ripening and improved storage of fruits, vegetables and cut flowers.

Abstract: This invention encompasses prostaglandins of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, vinyl, or lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and a wavy line represents R or S stereochemistry; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together with carbon Y form a cycloalkenyl having 4 to 6 carbon atoms or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with carbons X and Y form a cycloalkenyl having 4 to 6 carbons. Compounds of this invention have potent gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective properties with unexpectedly low diarrheogenic side effects.

Abstract: The present invention provides an industrially very advantageous process for producing prostaglandins E.sub.1 with fewer steps and in higher yield. The process comprises reacting a 7-hydroxyprostaglandin E with a reactive derivative of an organic sulfonic acid in the presence of a basic compound to form the corresponding 7-organic sulfonyloxyprostaglandin E, treating the resulting 7-organic sulfonyloxyprostaglandin E, after or without isolation, in the presence of a basic compound to form a .DELTA..sup.7 -prostaglandin E, thereafter selectively reducing the carbon-carbon unsaturated bond existing on the .alpha.-chain. Some of the 7-hydroxyprostaglandins E and .DELTA..sup.7 -prostaglandins E used in the process are novel compounds.

Abstract: Fluorochemical amine salt compounds containing one or more fluoroaliphatic radicals and one or more salt-forming amino groups which have cyanoalkyl groups as N-substituents groups, such compounds being useful as treating agents for fibrous substrates, such as textiles, e.g., carpet, to modify surface properties thereof, viz., to impart oil and water repellency to the surface of said substrates.

Abstract: A method of optically resolving a racemate, or a diastereomeric mixture, of a substituted or unsubstituted glycidyl ester or ether compound having at least one glycidylic structure represented by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, independently from each other, represent H or CH.sub.3, and 1 to 3 asymmetric carbon atoms in the molecule, or a racemate of a beta-dihalohydrin ester compound, which comprises contacting said racemate or diastereomeric mixture with an optically active form of a compound having the following formula (I) ##STR2## wherein X represents a halogen atom, to form an inclusion complex compound having the optically active compound of formula (I) as a host, and separating the resulting complex compound.

Abstract: Novel compounds have a formula (I) ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## represents a bicyclo [2,2,1] hept-2Z-ene, bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane, 7-oxa-bicyclo [2,2,1] hept-2Z-ene, 7-oxa-bicyclo [2,2,1] heptane, bicyclo [2,2,2] oct-2Z-ene or bicyclo [2,2,2] octane substituted at the 5-position by the group R.sup.1 and at the 6-position by the group ANR.sup.2 R, a 6,6-dimethyl-bicyclo [3,1,1] heptane substituted at the 2-position by the group R.sup.1 and at the 3-position by the group ANR.sup.2 R or at the 2-position by the group ANR.sup.2 R and at the 3-position by the group R.sup.1, a cyclohex-1-ene or cyclohexane substituted at the 4-position by the group R.sup.1 and at the 5-position by the group ANR.sup.2 R or a 1-hydroxycyclopentane substituted at the 2-position by the group R.sup.1 and at the 2-position by the group ANR.sup.2 R, R.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of the formulaR.sup.1 --Q.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --(COO).sub.n --(CH.sub.2).sub.p --Q.sup.2 --R.sup.2whereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are each independently alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-12 C atoms, F, Cl, Br, CN or --Q.sup.3 --R.sup.3, or one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 can also be H;Q.sup.1, Q.sup.2 and Q.sup.3 are each independently 1,4-phenylene, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene or 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, each of which is unsubstituted or substituted by 1-4 fluorine, chlorine or bromine atoms;R.sup.3 is alkyl or alkoxy each of 1-8 C atoms, H, F, Cl, Br or CN;m is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6; n is 0 or 1; and p is 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5; the sum of (m+p) being 2, 4 or 6 and the sum of (m+n+p) being at least 3;but with the proviso that Q.sup.3 is unsubstituted 1,4-phenylene or 1,4-phenylene substituted by a fluorine, chlorine or bromine atom, only when n=1 or (m+p)=6 or at least one of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is F, Cl or Br or none of R.sup.1 to R.sup.3 is CN or two of the radicals R.sup.1 to R.sup.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein m represents is the number 0 or 1; A is a single covalent bond, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --COO-- or --OOC--; rings B, C and D are 1,4-phenylene optionally substituted with cyano, halogen or lower alkyl; Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are hydrogen or one of them also is cyano; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkenyl, either of which is optionally halogen-substituted, in which one CH.sub.2 group or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups is/are optionally replaced by oxygen; with the provisos that at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 has a chiral carbon atom or a C--C double bond or both when A is --COO-- and at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 has a C--C double bond when A is a single covalent bond, their preparation, liquid crystalline mixtures containing these compounds and their use for electro-optical purposes are described.

Abstract: The new esters derived from a chiral compound containing two OH groups and at least one mesogenic carboxylic acid which have the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which X.sup.1 =O--H or O--CO--(C.sub.1 to C.sub.12)alkyl and X.sup.2 =O--MC or X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 denote O-MC independently of each other, where MC is the molecular radical of a mesogenic monocarboxylic acid after splitting off an OH group.The esters or esters substituted in the aromatic part of the phenolic part preferably find application as an admixture intwistable liquid crystal phases in which they produce a temperature compensation and a high degree of twisting.

Abstract: 7-Fluoroprostaglandins represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## In the formula (I), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen atoms or the same or different protective groups, respectively, and R.sup.5 is a straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention encompasses prostaglandins of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, vinyl, or lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the wavy line represents R or S stereochemistry; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbom atoms or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together with carbon Y form a cycloalkenyl having 4 to 6 carbon atoms or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with carbons X and Y form a cycloalkenyl having 4 to 6 carbons. Compounds of this invention have potent gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective properties with unexpectedly low diarrheogenic side effects.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal compound suitable to use as a component of liquid crystal dielectrics and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which compound is a dihalogeno-aromatic compound expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl or alkoxy of 1.about.12 C or alkoxymethyl of 2.about.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel, optimized process for the preparation of cyclohexanedionecarboxylic acid derivatives of formula I which can be carried out in a single vessel affording a very good yield, which process comprises heating a reactive carboxylic acid derivative of formula III ##STR1## wherein X is a halide, an alkylsulfonic or arylsulfonic acid radical or the molecular radical ##STR2## which is necessary to form an anhydride and R.sub.1 is alkyl or cycloalkyl, with an alkali metal cyanide or copper cyanide, in an inert organic solvent, to give a mixture, then adding in succession to said mixture, at a temperature in the range from 0.degree. C.

Abstract: 3,3'-Thiobis(2,5-dihydrothiophene-1,1-dioxides) on heating with a reactive Diels-Alder dienophile undergo a reaction producing thioethers having two six-membered alicyclic rings in the molecule, such as 4,4'-thiobis(3,6-dihydrophthalic acids) or the esters, anhydrides or imides thereof, and 4,4'-thiobis(1,2,3,6-tetrahydrophthalic acids) or the esters, anhydrides or imides thereof. Both rings of the dihydrothiophene dioxides participate in the reaction, apparently by forming a tetraene structure which co-reacts with two equivalents of the dienophile to form an adduct in which each six-membered ring has one or two olefinic double bonds. During the course of the reaction, the thioether bridge remains intact. Some of the bis(alicyclic) thioethers are readily converted to the corresponding bis(aromatic)thioethers by use of known aromatization methods and systems. Various utilities for the products of the foregoing reactions are described.

Abstract: 6-substituted prostaglandins E.sub.1 which are compounds represented by the following formula [I] or their enantiomers or mixtures whereof in any ratio: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.16 alkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 cycloalkyl group, a substituted or unsubstituted phenyl (C.sub.1 -C.sub.2) alkyl group, or one equivalent cation; R.sup.2 and R.sup.3, which may be the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a tri (C.sub.1 -C.sub.7) hydrocarbon silyl group, or a group forming an acetal linkage together with an oxygen atom of a hydroxyl group; R.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom, a methyl group or a vinyl group; R.sup.5 represents a linear or branched C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkyl group, a linear or branched C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkenyl group, a linear or branched C.sub.3 -C.sub.8 alkynyl group, a phenyl group which may be substituted, a phenoxy group which may be substituted, a C.sub.3 -C.sub.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel compounds usable as liquid crystals in liquid crystal display devices utilizing the electrically controlled birefringence effect.These compounds comply with formula: ##STR1## in which R.sup.1 represents an alkoxy or alkyl radical with 1 to 12 carbon atoms and Z represents a single bond or a radical chosen from among: ##STR2## provided that R.sup.1 represents an alkyl radical when Z represents a single bond and R.sup.2 represents an alkyl radical with 1 to 12 carbon atoms.They can be obtained by reacting an acid chloride of formula R.sup.

Abstract: A novel 13-aza-14-oxo-TXA.sub.2 analogue of general formula: ##STR1## wherein symbol A represents --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --(CH.sub.2).sub.m --, cis--CH.dbd.CH--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --, --CH.sub.2 O--(CH.sub.2).sub.m --, --S--(CH.sub.2).sub.m -- ##STR2## R.sup.2 represents a bond or a straight or branched alkylene or alkenylene group of from 1 to 10 carbon atom(s) unsubstituted or substituted;R.sup.3 represents(i) a phenyl, phenoxy or phenylthio group unsubstituted or substituted,(ii) a straight or branched alkyl, alkenyl or alkynyl group of from 1 to 6 carbon atom(s) unsubstituted or substituted,(iii) a cycloalkyl, cycloalkyloxy or cycloalkylthio group of from 4 to 7 carbon atoms unsubstituted or substituted,(iv) a naphthyl, indolyl or indanyl group, or(v) an amino group unsubstituted or substitutedR.sup.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group.

Abstract: The present invention relates to L-aspartyl-3-(bicycloalkyl)-L-alanine alkyl esters having high sweetness intensity, of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is a substituted or an unsubstituted bicycloalkyl ring, said ring having 7 to 8 carbon atoms, the 2-position ring carbon atom is bound to the alamine moiety, the two carbon atoms of the ring that are vicinal to the 2-position carbon are each substituted by a hydrogen or lower alkyl, the total number of alkyl groups bound to the vicinal carbons is less than three, and R.sup.2 is methyl. The "2R" configuration enantiomers of the R.sup.1 group are especially preferred. In preferred embodiments of the invention, R.sup.1 is a bornyl, camphanyl, norbornyl, 1-methylnorbornyl, 3-methylnorbornyl, 7,7-dimethylnorbornyl, bicyclo [2.2.2] octyl, or pinanyl ring. The compounds of the invention, or edible salts thereof, can be used for sweetening edible products such as foods and beverages.

Abstract: A 6-keto-prostaglandin E.sub.1 derivative of the formula: ##STR1## (wherein R.sup.1 represents an amino acid or amino alcohol residue, R.sup.2 represents a single bond or an alkylene group of from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, R.sup.3 represents (i) an alkyl group of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms, (ii) a cycloalkyl group of from 4 to 7 carbon atoms, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by at least one alkyl group of from 1 to 8 carbon atoms or (iii) a phenyl or phenoxy group, which may be unsubstituted or substituted by chlorine, trifluoromethyl or alkyl of from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, provided that when R.sup.2 represents a single bond R.sup.3 does not represent phenoxy)cyclodextrin clathrates thereof and non-toxic salts thereof possess selective cytoprotective activity.

Abstract: Novel 5-alkylidene-4-substituted-2-cyclopentenones and 5-(1-hydroxy-aliphatic hydrocarbon)-4-substituted-2-cyclopentenones.These novel cyclopentenones and 5-alkylidene-3-hydroxy-4-substituted cyclopentanones have a pharmaceutical activity for treatment of tumors.

Abstract: Sweeteners of the formula: ##STR1## and food-acceptable salts thereof, where the substituents are disclosed herein.

Abstract: An optically active compound having the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of Z and Z' is a single bond, --COO--, --OCO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 -- or --CH.sub.2 O--, R is an alkyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, an alkoxyl group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, a cyano group or a halogen atom, each of rings A and B is a 1,4-di-substituted phenylene group or a trans-1,4-di-substituted cyclohexylene group, n is 0 or 1, X is ##STR2## wherein * indicates an optical center, and R' is an alkyl group having from 2 to 12 carbon atoms or ##STR3## where R" is a hydrogen atom, an alkyl or alkoxy group having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, provided that when X is ##STR4## R is the alkyl group or the alkoxy group.

Abstract: Cyclohexanones of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl, R.sup.2 is alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, or haloalkyl, Z is hydrogen or alkoxycarbonyl, and X is a substituted or unsubstituted pentamethylene chain in which one or two methylene groups can be replaced by O, S, SO, SO.sub.2 or NR.sup.3, and their use for controlling undesirable plant growth.

Abstract: This invention encompasses prostaglandins of the formula I ##STR1## wherein X represents cis or trans --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.tbd.C--, methylene or ethylene;R.sub.1 represents a cycloalkyl group of the formula ##STR2## where m is 1 to 3 inclusive;R.sub.2 represents hydrogen or lower alkyl with the proviso that the sum of the carbon atoms in X and R.sub.1 is 7 or less;R' represents lower alkyl containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms, vinyl or ethynyl;wherein R'" represents hydroxymethyl, hydroxyacetyl or --CO.sub.2 R""wherein R"" represents hydrogen or lower alkyl containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms and the wavy line represents optional R or S stereochemistry.

Abstract: Process for the production of substituted 2-oxocyclohexaneacetic acid esters and intermediates used for their production. The substituted 2-oxocyclohexaneacetic acid esters are themselves useful intermediates for the manufacture of substituted 2,3,4,9-tetrahydro-1H-carbazole-1-acetic acid derivatives having useful analgesic and anti-inflammatory activity.

Abstract: Liquid crystal phases containing at least one optically active compound of the formula IR.sup.1 --X.sup.1 --CHR.sup.o (CH.sub.2).sub.p X.sup.2 --R.sup.2 Iwherein X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 independently of one another are each --CO--O-- or --O--CO--, one of X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 may also be --O--, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each a group --(A.sup.1 --Z).sub.m --(A.sup.2).sub.n -Y, whereinA.sup.1 and A.sup.2 in each case independently of one another are a 1,4-phenylene, pyrimidine-2,5-diyl, pyrazine-2,5-diyl, pyridine-2,5-diyl, 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,3-dioxane-2,5-diyl, 1,3-dithiane-2,5-diyl or 1,4-bicyclo(2,2,2)-octylene group, it also being possible for this to be monosubstituted or polysubstituted by F, Cl, Br, CN and/or alkyl groups with up to 12 C atoms, and it being possible for 1 or 2 non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups in the alkyl groups to be replaced by O atoms,Z is --CO--O--, --O--CO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 O--, --CH.dbd.N--, --N.dbd.CH--, --N.dbd.N--, --N(O).

Abstract: Cyclohexane-1,3-dione derivatives of the formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 have the meanings given in the description, are used for controlling undesirable plant growth.

Abstract: Novel chemical compounds are provided which selectively inhibit the metabolism of renal dipeptidase (E.C.3.4.13.11) and therefore are useful in combination with antibacterial products. These chemical compounds are (Z,Z)-.alpha.,.alpha.'-bis(2,2-disubstituted cyclopropanecarboxamido)-.alpha.,.alpha.'-alkadienedioic acids.

Abstract: Oxime sulfonates of formula I ##STR1## wherein Y is a polymerizable unsaturated group or epoxide group or an --OH, --NHR.sup.5, --COOH, COOR.sup.6, --COCl, --CH.sub.2 Hal, --SO.sub.2 Cl or --NCO group, Z is an (x+y)-valent connecting member, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are monovalent organic radicals, m is 0 or 1, x is 1 or 2 and y is 1 or 2, can be converted into polymers which can be thermally or photochemically dissociated to form free sulfonic acid groups. Said polymers can therefore be used as photoresists which can be developed with aqueous alkalis.

Abstract: New anisotropic compounds of the formula (1) are useful in liquid crystal mixtures for electrooptical displays; at least one of the end groups of the compounds (1) is an alkyl group which carries cyano or halogen in a terminal or non-terminal position. This offers advantages for longitudinal polarization and/or cross-polarization of the anisotropic compounds with the aid of the comparatively highly polarizing cyano or halogen substituents, in particular high clear points, low .DELTA..epsilon./.epsilon..perp. values and/or negative .DELTA..epsilon. values.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives of formula IR.sup.1 --Cy--CH.sub.2 --Q--(Cy).sub.m --O--(CO).sub.n --CH.sub.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereR.sup.1 denotes alkyl with 1 to 12 C atoms in which also one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO--, --CO--O-- or --CH.dbd.CH--,R.sup.2 denotes H, alkyl with 1 to 12 C atoms in which also one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups may be replaced by --O--, --CO--, --O--CO-- or --CO--O--,Cy denotes trans-1,4-cyclohexyleneQ denotes --CH.sub.2 -- or --O--,m denotes 1 or 2, andn denotes 0 or 1,are suitable as components of liquid-crystalline phases.

Abstract: This invention encompasses prostaglandins of the formula I ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen or lower alkyl containing 1 to 6 carbon atoms;X represents --CH.sub.2 --, --CH.dbd.CH--, --C.tbd.C--, --CH.sub.2 --C.tbd.C--, --CH.sub.2 --CH.dbd.CH-- --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2, --CH.dbd.CH--CH.sub.2 --, --C.tbd.C--CH.sub.2 --; andR.sub.1 represents cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl, 1-methylcyclopropyl or 1-methylcyclobutyl or XR.sub.1 together represent 1-methyl-1-cyclopropylethyl or 1-methyl-1-cyclobutylethyl; and R.sub.2 is lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or vinyl or ethynyl; the wavy line represents optional R or S sterochemistryThese compounds are potent antisecretory agents.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions containing an oxaluric acid derivative of the formula: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2, which may be the same or different, is hydrogen; an alkyl group or a cycloalkyl group; or R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are joined to form a heterocyclic ring with the nitrogen atom to which they are both attached; and R.sub.3 is hydrogen or an alkyl group. These compounds have excellent hypoglycemic effects with low toxcicity and safety.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein X.sup.2 is a single covalent bond or --COO--; X.sup.1 is a single covalent bond, --COO--, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 -- or when X.sup.2 is --COO--, X.sup.1 also can be p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --, p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4, p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 --COO-- or --COO--p--C.sub.6 H.sub.4 ; ring A is a benzene ring or trans-1,4-cyclohexylene; ring B is a benzene ring or when X.sup.2 is --COO-- and X.sup.1 is a single covalent bond, --COO-- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.2 --, ring B also can be trans-1,4-cyclohexylene; Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 individually are hydrogen or when positioned on a benzene ring which is not linked directly with a further ring via a single covalent bond, Z.sup.1, Z.sup.2 and Z.sup.3 also can be halogen, cyano or methyl; Y.sup.2 is cyano, nitro, 2,2-dicyanovinyl or when Y.sup.1 is hydrogen Y.sup.2 also can be 2,2-dicyano-1-methylvinyl; Y.sup.1 is halogen, cyano, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 -alkyl or, when X.sup.

Abstract: Terpene-based esters are found to be advantageous tackifiers in polymeric resin based adhesives.

Abstract: Bicyclooctane derivatives of the formula IR.sup.1 --A.sup.1 --A.sup.2 --R.sup.2 IwhereinR.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are each an alkyl group which has 1-12 C atoms and in which it is also possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by O atoms and/or CO groups and/or --O13 CO groups and/or --CO--O groups and/or --CH.dbd.CH-- groups, one of the radicals R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 being also --A.sup.3 --R.sup.3,A.sup.1 is a 1,4-cyclohexylene group which is unsubstituted or substituted in the 1-position and/or 2-position and/or 3-position and/or 4-position by alkyl which has in each case 1-5 C atoms and is unsubstituted or substituted or fluorinated, and in which it is also possible for one or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups to be replaced by one or two different groupings from the group --O--, --CO--, --CH.dbd.CH--, --S--, --SO-- or --SO.sub.2 --, or is substituted by F, Cl, Br, CN and/or CHO,A.sup.2 is a 1,4-bicyclo[2.2.2] octylene group,--A.sup.3 --R.sup.3 is --Cy--R.sup.

Abstract: Compounds useful as lower viscosity liquid-crystalline components of which liquid-crystalline compositions are partly composed are provided, which compounds areliquid-crystalline compounds expressed by the general formula ##STR1## wherein ##STR2## and R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms, orliquid-crystalline compounds expressed by the general formula ##STR3## wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each represent an alkyl group of 1 to 8 carbon atoms.

Abstract: The invention relates to 9-halo-.DELTA..sup.2 -prostane derivatives of general Formula I ##STR1## wherein Hal is a fluorine or chlorine atom in the .alpha.- or .beta.-position,R.sub.1 is the residue OR.sub.2 with R.sub.2 meaning a hydrogen atom, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aryl or a heterocyclic residue; or the residue NHR.sub.3 wherein R.sub.3 means an acid residue or the residue R.sub.2 andA is a --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or cis-CH.dbd.CH--group,B is a --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- or trans--CH.dbd.CH-- or --C.tbd.C--group,W is a free or functionally modified hydroxymethylene or ##STR2## wherein the respective OH-groups can be in the .alpha.- or .beta.-position,D and E jointly mean a direct bond orD is a straight- or branched-chain alkylene group of 1-10 carbon atoms, which can optionally be substituted by fluorine atoms,E is an oxygen or sulfur atom, a direct bond, a --C.tbd.C--bond or a --CR.sub.6 .dbd.CR.sub.7 --group wherein R.sub.6 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group and R.sub.

Abstract: 7-Fluoroprostaglandins represented by the following formula (I): ##STR1## In the formula (I), R.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 are hydrogen atoms or the same or different protective groups, respectively, and R.sup.5 is a straight chained, branched or cyclic alkyl group having from 3 to 7 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Novel cyclohexanedionecarboxylic acid derivatives have herbicidal and plant growth regulating properties. The cyclohexanedionecarboxylic acid derivatives have the formula I ##STR1## wherein A is an --OR.sub.2 or --NR.sub.3 R.sub.4 radical,R is C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 cycloalkyl,R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are each independently hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 haloalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkoxyalkyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkylthioalkyl; C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkenyl which is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkylthio; C.sub.3 -C.sub.6 alkynyl; phenyl or C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 aralkyl, wherein the phenyl nucleus is unsubstituted or substituted by halogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkoxy, C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 haloalkyl, nitro or cyano; one of R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 is methoxy; orR.sub.3 and R.sub.

Abstract: A colorless liquid crystalline compound having at least one 6-membered ring and non-cyclic end groups in the molecular skeleton, said 6-membered ring containing two or more carbon atoms, at least one of which is directly bonded to a methylene group of a non-cyclic group having an alkoxy group at another end has a wide mesomorphic range. When said colorless liquid crystalline compound is mixed with a liquid crystal composition, the resulting mixture also has an enlarged mesomorphic range and in almost all cases has a reduced viscosity.

Abstract: New anisotropic compounds with a cross-polarizing substituent have the formula (1) ##STR1## The increase in .epsilon..perp. is achieved by the polarizing group X, preferably the cyano group or a halogen atom, which is not laterally on the ring, as with the known compounds, but is on the bridge, that is to say is part of the main bridge bonding rings A and B to one another. Ring A has the formula (1a) or (1b) given herein and is always cycloaliphatic, while ring B can be identical to ring A or is an aromatic ring of the formula (1c) or (1d) herein. R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are identical or different end groups of the formula (1e) herein.The radical X on the bridge causes less widening of the molecule than a radical X on a ring, which provides comparatively higher clear points and moreover enables aromatic rings to be omitted from the anisotropic compounds.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal compound suitable to use as a component of liquid crystal dielectrics and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which compound is a dihalogeno-aromatic compound expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group, each of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, or an alkoxymethyl group of 2 to 12 carbon atoms.

Abstract: This invention encompasses prostaglandins of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 6 carbon atoms; R.sub.1 represents hydrogen, vinyl, or lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms and the wavy line represents R or S stereochemistry; R.sub.2, R.sub.3, and R.sub.4 are hydrogen or lower alkyl having 1 to 4 carbon atoms or R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 together with carbon Y form a cycloalkenyl having 4 to 6 carbon atoms or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 together with carbons X and Y form a cycloalkenyl having 4 to 6 carbons. Compounds of this invention have potent gastric antisecretory and cytoprotective properties with unexpectedly low diarrheogenic side effects.

Abstract: Sulfur-containing 6-ketoprostaglandins of the formula I ##STR1## in which D is a bond, alkylene having 1-3 C atoms, cis-alkenylene having 2-5 C atoms or alkinylene having 2-5 C atoms,R.sup.1 is H, alkyl having 1-4 C atoms, aryl having 6-12 C atoms or --C.sub.6 H.sub.4 NHCOC.sub.6 H.sub.5,R.sup.2 is alkyl having 1-7 C atoms, alkyl having 1-7 C atoms which is substituted by halogen, cycloalkyl having 5-6 C atoms, cycloalkyl having 5-6 C atoms which is substituted by alkyl having 1-4 C atoms, phenyl, phenyl which is substituted by F, Cl, Br, alkyl having 1-4 C atoms, OH, OCH.sub.3 or CF.sub.3, pyridyl, naphthyl, thienyl or, if D is alkylene having 1-3 C atoms, also is alkoxy having 1-4 C atoms, alkylthio having 1-4 C atoms, phenoxy or phenoxy which is substituted by F, Cl, Br, alkyl having 1-4 C atoms, OH, OCH.sub.3 or CF.sub.3,R.sup.3 and R.sup.

Abstract: A novel liquid crystal ester compound which is useful as a component for TN type nematic liquid crystal composition, raising its nematic-isotropic liquid phase-isotropic liquid phase transition point without increasing its viscosity and a liquid crystal composition containing the same are provided, which ester compound is expressed by the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group each of 1 to 10 carbon atoms; ##STR2## represents ##STR3## Y represents -- COO--or --OCO--; any of ##STR4## n represents 0 or 1; and Z represents an alkyl group or an alkoxy group each of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, or a halogen atom of F, Cl or Br.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is hydrogen or straight-chain alkyl; R.sup.2 is --CN, --R, --COR, --COOR or when R.sup.2 is positioned on an aromatic ring R.sup.2 also can be --OR, --OOCR or --F; R is alkyl; A is a group with 1 to 4 six-membered rings, these rings being linked directly with one another and with ring B in each case via a single covalent bond or being linked at one or two positions also via --COO--, --OOC-- or --CH.sub.2 CH.sub.