Abstract: Compositions, kits and methods are provided for the treatment or prophylaxis of influenza.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a preparation of ?-? ene carboxylic or ketone derivatives, which may also have particular requirement on the configuration of the carbon-carbon double bond. The method requires a thermal treatment of ?-? unsaturated malonate or acetylacetonate derivatives in the presents of at least one carboxylic acid and at least one alkaline, alkaline-earth or lanthanide halide or carboxylates.

Abstract: The present invention provides methods and compositions for inhibiting polymerisation of ethylenically unsaturated monomers, which involve the use of nitroxide compound of formula (I): wherein R1 is C4-20 hydrocarbyl; and R2, R3, R4 and R5 are independently each C1-6 alkyl.

Abstract: The invention provides a green process for direct oxidation of a large number of substituted or unsubstituted cinnamaldehydes or cinnamyl alcohols into the corresponding alkyl or aryl cinnamates in one step. The process of the present invention is a convenient and efficient green process for the preparation of various aryl or alkyl cinnamates under conventional, microwave and ultrasound directly from cinnamaldehydes or cinnamyl alcohols in the presence of an oxidizing agent, catalyst and an alcohol, with or without an organic solvent. These esters are immensely important compounds in flavor, perfumery and pharmaceutical industries. There are several prior arts available for the preparation of cinnamic esters, but all of them suffer from deficiencies such as use of expensive reagents and catalysts, harsh reaction conditions, use of toxic chemicals and others.

Abstract: The present application relates to perfume raw materials, perfume delivery systems and consumer products comprising such perfume raw materials and/or such perfume delivery systems, as well as processes for making and using such perfume raw materials, perfume delivery systems and consumer products. Such perfume raw materials and compositions, including the delivery systems, disclosed herein expand the perfume communities options as such perfume raw materials can provide variations on character and such compositions can provide desired odor profiles.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a fragrance compound of bicyclo[2.2.1]hept-5-ene-2-carboxylic acid, ethyl ester: and its isomeric compounds.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided novel thermosetting resin compositions which do not require solvent to provide a system having suitable viscosity for convenient handling. Invention compositions have the benefit of undergoing rapid cure. The resulting thermosets are stable to elevated temperatures, are highly flexible, have low moisture uptake and are consequently useful in a variety of applications, e.g., in adhesive applications since they display good adhesion to both the substrate and the device attached thereto.

Abstract: This application discloses a novel process for the preparation of himbacine analogs useful as thrombin receptor antagonists. The process is based in part on the use of a base-promoted dynamic epimerization of a chiral nitro center.

Abstract: To provide a method of rapid methylation of alkenes, which is applicable to the preparation of a PET tracer and which enables alkenes to be methylated through cross coupling between SP2 (alkenyl) and SP3 (alkyl) carbon atoms rapidly and in a high yield. Methyl iodide and an alkenyltrialkylstannane are subjected to cross coupling in an aprotic polar solvent in the presence of a palladium complex having a valence of 0, a phosphine ligand, a cuprous halide, and a carbonate and/or alkali metal fluoride.

Abstract: Compounds are disclosed with activity towards killing dysproliferative cells in vitro and treating cancer in vivo. Cancers such as cancer of the colon, pancreas, prostate, lung, breast, urinary bladder, skin and liver are exemplary. Compounds, pharmaceutical compositions and methods of use are described.

Abstract: Provided that a method for inexpensively producing optically active ?-ionone with a high yield and a high asymmetric yield and with good workability in a short process, and a perfume composition comprising the optically active ?-ionone obtained by the aforementioned method. A method for producing optically active ?-ionone, comprising allowing ?-ionone as a mixture of optical isomers to react with an esterification agent, and hydrolyzing the obtained ?-ionone enol ester; a method for producing optically active ?-ionone comprising subjecting ?-ionone as a mixture of optical isomers to an asymmetric reduction, allowing the obtained optically active ?-ionol to react with an esterification agent to give an optically active ?-ionol ester, hydrolyzing the obtained optically active ?-ionol ester after purification as necessary, and then oxidizing the obtained optically active ?-ionol; and a perfume composition comprising thus obtained optically active ?-ionone.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing vitamin A acetate by reacting ?-vinylionol with triphenylphosphine in the presence of sulfuric acid in a solvent mixture consisting of 60 to 80% by weight methanol, 10 to 20% by weight water and 10 to 20% by weight aliphatic, cyclic or aromatic hydrocarbons having 5 to 8 carbon atoms to give ?-ionylideneethyltriphenylphosphonium salts and subsequent Wittig reaction with 4-acetoxy-2-methylbut-2-enal.

Abstract: Carbonyl compounds of the formula (II), wherein R1 and R2 are as defined herein, react in the presence of an amine with carboxylic acid derivatives of the formula (II), wherein R3 and EWG are also as defined herein, to give ?,?-unsaturated compounds of the formula (I) according to the following scheme: It is possible under mild reaction conditions to obtain unsaturated esters with high (E) stereoselectivity. The reaction typically proceeds at room temperature or lower without particular requirements such as inert gas, exclusion of moisture, heat, etc., being made. The only by-products obtained are CO2 and water.

Abstract: The object of the present invention is to provide a composition for conductive materials from which a conductive layer having a high carrier transport ability can be made, a conductive material formed of the composition and having a high carrier transport ability, a conductive layer formed using the conductive material as a main material, an electronic device provided with the conductive layer and having high reliability, and electronic equipment provided with the electronic device.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of the antiviral activity of exogenous leukotriene B4 (LTB4), variants and derivatives thereof as a therapeutic agent in viral infections caused by human and animal enveloped RNA viruses. The human and animal enveloped RNA viruses are RNA viruses, such as togaviridae, orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae, coronaviridae, filoviridae, arenaviridae, bunyaviridae, rhabdoviridae and flaviviridae in general, and Retroviridae such as HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Abstract: The present invention relates to technology for preparing derivatives of unsaturated, cyclic, organic acids and salts, thereof. Shikimic acid is an example of such an acid. More particularly, the present invention relates to preparing derivatives of these acids or salts thereof that are esterified, ketalized, functionalized with a leaving group, and/or provided with epoxide functionality. Preferred aspects may be used in the synthesis of Oseltamivir Phosphate starting from shikimic acid.

Abstract: Compositions of and methods for using synthetic retinal derivatives as retinoid replacements and opsin agonists are provided.

Abstract: A photoresist polymer having a spiro cyclic ketal group, and a photoresist composition including the same is disclosed. The photoresist polymer and the photoresist composition can improve the resolution and the process margin due to its low activation energy of the deprotection reaction of the spiro cyclic ketal group, and can produce fine photoresist patterns due to its low PEB (Post Exposure Baking) temperature sensitivity.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel molecules, their preparation and their uses, in particular in the field of human and veterinary medicine and cosmetics. The inventive compounds are partly fatty acid derivatives and exhibit advantageous pharmacological and cosmetic properties. The invention also concerns various uses of said compounds, the pharmaceutical compositions containing them and methods for preparing them. The inventive compounds are useful in particular for preventing and/or treating dyslipidemiae, cardiovascular diseases, syndrome X, restenosis, diabetes, obesity, hypertension, certain cancers, dermatological diseases and in cosmetics, for fighting against skin aging and its effects notably against wrinkles and the like.

Abstract: To provide a novel compound which satisfies characteristics required for an optical anisotropic material and which is excellent in durability against blue laser light, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound and an optical anisotropic material employing the liquid crystal composition. A compound represented by the following formula (1): CH2?CR1—COO-(E1)m-Cy-Y-Cy-E2-R2??(1) provided that the symbols in the formula have the following meanings. R1: a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; R2: a C1-8 alkyl group; Y: —OCO— or —COO—; m: 0 or 1; E1 and E2: each independently a 1,4-phenylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; and Cy: a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group; provided that the above 1,4-phenylene group and the trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group may be such that a hydrogen atom in each group may be substituted by a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a methyl group.

Abstract: A positive working photosensitive composition which is useful in the manufacturing step of a semiconductor such as IC, the manufacture of a circuit board such as liquid crystals and thermal heads, and other fabrication steps and has an excellent resolution and line edge roughness, and a method for forming a pattern using the same, are provided, which are a photosensitive composition containing (A) a resin having a repeating unit having a specific group, whose solubility in an alkaline developer increases by the action of an acid, and a method for forming a pattern using the same.

Abstract: The invention relates to new chemical compounds that inhibit the various enzymes in the arachidonic acid pathway implicated in inflammatory disease conditions.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a chemically amplified polymer having a pendent group with dicyclohexyl bonded thereto, a process for the preparation thereof, and a resist composition comprising it, and more particularly, to a novel (meth)acrylic or norbornene carboxylate compound with dicyclohexyl bonded thereto, a process for the preparation thereof, a chemically amplified polymer synthesized therewith, and a positive photoresist composition for ArF comprising said polymer, with high resolution and excellent etching resistance.

Abstract: Novel ester compounds having formulae (1) to (4) wherein A1 is a polymerizable functional group having a carbon-carbon double bond, A2 is oxygen, methylene or ethylene, R1 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, R2 is H or a monovalent hydrocarbon group, any pair of R1 and/or R2 may form an aliphatic hydrocarbon ring, R3 is a monovalent hydrocarbon group, and n is 0 to 6 are polymerizable into polymers. Resist compositions comprising the polymers as a base resin are thermally stable and sensitive to high-energy radiation, have excellent sensitivity and resolution, and lend themselves to micropatterning with electron beam or deep-UV.

Abstract: A diester represented by the formula wherein A represents a cyclohexane ring, cyclohexene ring or benzene ring, X is H or methyl group, RX and RY are the same or different and each is C3-C18 branched-chain alkyl group, C1-C18 straight-chain alkyl group, C2-C18 straight-chain alkenyl or C3-C18 cycloalkyl, provided that when A is a benzene ring, RX and RY are different from each other and —COORX and —COORY are attached to two adjacent carbon atoms of the benzene ring, and having the following properties: 1) a total acid number of 0.05 mgKOH/g or less, 2) a sulfated ash content of 10 ppm or less, 3) a sulfur content of 20 ppm or less, 4) a phosphorus content of 20 ppm or less, 5) a peroxide value of 1.0 meq/kg or less, 6) a carbonyl value of 10 or less; 7) a volume resistivity of 1×1011 ?·cm or more, 8) a hydroxyl value of 3 mgKOH/g or less, and 9) a water content of 100 ppm or less, a process for preparing the same and a refrigerator lubricating oil comprising the diester.

Abstract: An optically anisotropic element comprises a discotic compound. The discotic compound has an oriented discotic plane. The discotic compound has a molecular structure represented by the formula (I) of D(—O—CO—CR1?CR2—X—R3)n. In the formula (I), D is a discotic core, n is an integer of 3 to 20, each of R1 and R2 is hydrogen, a halogen atom or an alkyl group, X is —O—, —S— or —NR—, and R3 is an alkyl group or an aryl group. A polymerizable discotic compound having an oriented discotic plane can be polymerized to form an optically anisotropic element. Alignment of the oriented discotic plane is fixed by polymerization. A new discotic compound is also disclosed.

Abstract: A diester represented by the formula wherein A represents a cyclohexane ring, cyclohexene ring or benzene ring, X is H or methyl group, RX and RY are the same or different and each is C3-C18 branched-chain alkyl group, C1-C18 straight-chain alkyl group, C2-C18 straight-chain alkenyl or C3-C10 cycloalkyl, provided that when A is a benzene ring, RX and RY are different from each other and —COORX and —COORY are attached to two adjacent carbon atoms of the benzene ring, and having the following properties: 1) a total acid number of 0.05 mgKOH/g or less, 2) a sulfated ash content of 10 ppm or less, 3) a sulfur content of 20 ppm or less, 4) a phosphorus content of 20 ppm or less, 5) a peroxide value of 1.0 meq/kg or less, 6) a carbonyl value of 10 or less; 7) a volume resistivity of 1×1011?·cm or more, 8) a hydroxyl value of 3 mgKOH/g or less, and 9) a water content of 100 ppm or less, a process for preparing the same and a refrigerator lubricating oil comprising the diester.

Abstract: Cyclic ?-(acylamino)acrylate derivatives were hydrogenated using Ru-chiral phosphine ligand catalysts and thereafter converted to the corresponding cyclic ?-aminoacids in high yield and enantioselectivity according to the reaction scheme:

Abstract: Nitro-oxyderivative compounds or salts thereof having the following general formula (I): A—(B)b0—(C)c0—NO2 wherein: c0 is an integer and is 0 or 1, b0 is an integer and is 0 or 1, A=R—T1—, wherein R is the radical of an analgesic drug for the chronic pain, in particular for the neuropathic pain; B is such that its precursor is selected from anminoacids, hydroxyacids, polyalcohols, compounds containing at least one acid function; C is a bivalent radical containing an aliphatic, heterocyclic or aromatic radical.

Abstract: Certain ?-amino acids that bind to the alpha-2-delta (?2?) subunit of a calcium channel are disclosed. These compounds and their pharmaceutically acceptable salts are useful in the treatment of a variety of psychiatric, pain and other disorders. Also disclosed are methods of making the ?-amino acids.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkynecarboxylic acids includes the oxidation of an alkyne alcohol with a hypohalite in the presence of a nitroxyl compound at a pH of greater than 7 with continual addition of the alkyne alcohol and of the hypohalite to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The invention relates to an acrylate monomer of Formula 1 Dtp-COO—(CH2)n—O—CO—CH?CH2 wherein Dtp is a diterpene group derived from a resin acid and n is a number from 2–4 as well as a process for the preparation thereof. The resin acid is in particular abietic acid or an isomer thereof. These monomers and the prepolymers and polymers derived therefrom can be used as biodegradable adhesives for materials such as metal, plastic, glass, paper and wood, in particular as construction adhesive.

Abstract: The present invention provided a norbornene compound with cross-linkable groups and their derivative polymers, wherein said cross-linkable groups were olefin or epoxy groups. Norbornene polymers with cross-linkable side chain and their block copolymers as well as modified derivatives were prepared via living ring-open metathesis polymerization method. The resulting polymers with excellent solubility and optic properties had narrow molecular weight distribution, well-controlled molecular weight, small refraction ration and high transparency. They were also suitable for preparing hybrid materials with high thermal stability and chemical resistance.

Abstract: The present invention is related to compounds of formula (I), or a therapeutically suitable salt or prodrug thereof, the preparation of the compounds, compositions containing the compounds and the use of the compounds in the prevention or treatment of disorders regulated by ghrelin including anorexia, cancer cachexia, eating disorders, age-related decline in body composition, weight gain, obesity, and diabetes mellitus.

Abstract: A method of increasing helical twisting power (HTP) in an optically active compound used in a liquid crystal material is provided. An optically active compound which exhibits a large HTP value is also provided. Furthermore, a liquid crystal composition which exhibits a high upper temperature limit of the liquid crystal after the addition of the optically active compound, and a liquid crystal display device using the same are provided. In a method, an HTP of a compound having a partial structure represented by formula (A), which has an asymmetric carbon atom, is increased by replacing the partial structure represented by formula (A) by a partial structure represented by formula (B) (wherein * represents the position of an asymmetric carbon atom, Y1 represents a substituent such as an alkyl group and a halogen).

Abstract: A novel synthesis reaction for highly stereospecific tri- and tetra-substituted olefins is described. A single stereoisomer of stable ?-halo-?,?-ester is produced in high yield by the reaction of aldehyde or ketone with a trihalogenated compound such as trichloroacetate in the presence of CrCl2 in a solvent. By varying the amount of CrCl2 used, the stable dihalohydrin intermediate may be obtained as well.

Abstract: The present invention provides a polymerizable liquid crystal compound having an excellent durability against blue laser light and having a small refractive index and small light absorption, a liquid crystal composition containing the compound, and an optical anisotropic material using the liquid crystal composition. The polymerizable liquid crystal compound represented by the following formula (1), provided that R1 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, Cy is a trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group, X1 is a 1,4-phenylene group or a trans-1,4-cyclohexlyene group, and R2 is a C1-8 alkyl group. The above 1,4-phenylene group and the trans-1,4-cyclohexylene group may be such that a hydrogen atom bonded to a carbon atom in each group may be substituted by a fluorine atom, a chlorine atom or a methyl group.

Abstract: The invention concerns the use of a solid basic catalyst comprising a hydrotalcite structure wherein part at least of the compensating anions are fluoride anions F? for producing Knoevenagel of Michael condensation reactions. The invention also concerns novel solid basic catalysts comprising a hydrotalcite structure characterized by a Mg/Al molar ratio ranging between 2.5 and 3.8 wherein at least part of the compensating anions are fluoride anions F?, and methods for preparing said novel catalysts.

Abstract: Alicyclic methacrylate compounds having an oxygen substituent group on their ?-methyl group, represented by formula (1), are novel wherein R1 is H or C1–C10 alkyl which may contain a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, ether bond, carbonyl group, carboxyl group or cyano group, and R2 is a monovalent C3–C20 organic group having an alicyclic structure. Polymers prepared from these alicyclic methacrylate compounds have improved transparency, especially at the exposure wavelength of an excimer laser, and improved dry etching resistance.

Abstract: Monomer compounds comprising several cationic groups, a process for making such compounds and polymers derived from such compounds are provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a solid catalyst component for the polymerization of olefins CH2?CHR in which R is hydrogen or a hydrocarbon radical with 1–12 carbon atoms, comprising Mg, Ti, halogen and an electron donor selected from maleates of a particular formula. Said catalyst components when used in the polymerization of olefins, and in particular of propylene, are capable to give polymers in high yields and with high isotactic index expressed in terms of high xylene insolubility.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparation of cinnamates using polyaniline salts as catalysts. The present invention more particularly relates to a process for producing cinnamic esters by the direct esterification of cinnamic acid with aliphatic alcohols over polyaniline salts as catalysts. The process of esterification may be carried out by reacting cinnamic acid with aliphatic mono hydric alcohol in presence of catalyst, removing the catalyst by conventional methods. The ester can be isolated such as filtration followed by isolation of esters by conventional column chromatography using adsorbent such as silica gel and solvent such as chloroform, ethylacetate, hexane and mixture there off.

Abstract: The invention provides a multistep process for preparing 1,2-diamino compounds and pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts thereof from 1,2-epoxides.

Abstract: A process for producing a hydrogenated ester by hydrogenating an unsaturated group-containing ester having a specific structure by using a hydrogenating catalyst so as to obtain a hydrogenated ester with a high selectivity. It is preferred that the unsaturated group-containing ester as the raw material is diluted with an inert solvent and/or the concentration of carboxylic acid contained in the raw material is made 1 wt. % or less so as to effect a hydrogenation reaction. The hydrogenating catalyst to be used for the above hydrogenation may preferably be one comprising at least one metal selected from Group 8 elements, Group 9 elements, and Group 10 elements in the periodic table according to Nomenclature of Inorganic Chemistry, Revised Edition, 1989, International Union of Pure and Applied Chemistry, and preferably has an acidity of 1.0×10?1 mmol/g or less.

Abstract: The present invention discloses reworkable epoxy compositions suitable for encapsulation of and underfill for electronic components including (a) the epoxidized reaction product of a multifunctional 1-alkenyl ether or 1-cycloalkenyl ether and an alkenyl carboxylic acid, the epoxidized reaction product having two or more thermally labile alpha-alkoxy ester linkages; and (b) a curing agent for the epoxy component. The epoxy composition, when cured, provides a composition which is thermally reworkable, the weak ?-alkoxy ester linkages providing for the reworkable aspect of the invention.

Abstract: Peptido and peptidomimetic compounds of the formula: wherein the formula variables are as defined in the disclosure, advantageously inhibit or block the biological activity of the picornaviral 3C protease. These compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions containing these compounds, are useful for treating patients or hosts infected with one or more picornaviruses, such as RVP. Intermediates and synthetic methods for preparing such compounds are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention discloses an adamantyl ester monomer composition characterized by containing at least an adamantyl ester monomer having at least one polymerizable unsaturated bond in the molecule, and a compound represented by the following general formula (1): (in the formula, R1 is an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R2 is an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, R3 is a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, and R4 is a hydrogen atom or a methyl group). The composition has high storage stability and, by subjecting it to distillation, an adamantyl ester monomer of high purity can be obtained easily.

Abstract: Alicyclic methacrylate compounds having an oxygen substituent group on their &agr;-methyl group, represented by formula (1), are novel wherein R1 is H or C1-C10 alkyl which may contain a halogen atom, hydroxyl group, ether bond, carbonyl group, carboxyl group or cyano group, and R2 is a monovalent C3-C20 organic group having an alicyclic structure. Polymers prepared from these alicyclic methacrylate compounds have improved transparency, especially at the exposure wavelength of an excimer laser, and improved dry etching resistance. Resist compositions comprising the polymers are sensitive to high-energy radiation, show a high resolution, allow smooth development, lend themselves to micropatterning, and are thus suitable as micropatterning material for VLSI fabrication.

Abstract: Compounds of formula I: wherein the variables are defined as explained in the disclosure. The invention also provides liquid crystalline mixtures and optical or electro-optical devices including compounds of formula (I).

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula: wherein R1 is selected from the group consisting of fatty acid acyl groups of 12 to 30 carbon atoms and fatty alcohol groups of 12 to 30 carbon atoms, and wherein R2 is selected from the group consisting of H, fatty acid acyl of 12 to 30 carbon atoms and fatty alcohol groups of 12 to 30 carbon atoms, the same as or different from R1, and the residue of a nutrient, drug, or other bioactive compound, and to the use of these compounds to deliver drugs and other bioactive compounds.