Abstract: A silver halide photographic material is disclosed, comprising a support having thereon at least one light-sensitive silver halide emulsion layer, wherein said silver halide photographic material contains a compound by formula (IA), or which contains at least one hydroxamic acid compound having a bicyclo ring as a partial structure and represented by formula (IB).

Abstract: A process manufactures of a compound of formula: and unique intermediates.

Abstract: Novel liquid crystalline compounds which have a wide temperature range of liquid crystal phase, are excellent in miscibility with other liquid crystalline compounds, have a low viscosity, are low in toxicity, and are safe; liquid crystal compositions comprising the liquid crystalline compound; and liquid crystal display devices fabricated by using the composition are provided; and the compounds are cyclohexane derivatives expressed by the general formula (1) wherein R represents an alkylene chain having 2 to 10 carbon atoms in which alkylene chain ethylene group (—CH2CH2—) may be replaced by ethenylene group (—CH═CH—) or methylenoxy group (—OCH2—); and M represents COOH or CN group.

Abstract: Iodopropargylamine compound of the general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each independently represent a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 combine with each other to form a tetramethylene group or a pentamethylene group, R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, and X and Y each independently represent a cyano group, an alkoxycarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl group having 2 to 7 carbon atoms, an alkylsulfonyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms, a phenylcarbonyl group or a phenylsulfonyl group, provided that the phenyl group of a phenylcarbonyl group or a phenylsulfonyl group may be optionally substituted by halogen atoms, alkyl groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, alkoxy groups having 1 to 3 carbon atoms, nitro groups or trifluoromethyl groups.

Abstract: The invention relates to novel substituted cycloalkenes of the formula (I), ##STR1## to a plurality of processes for their preparation, and to novel intermediates and a plurality of processes for their preparation.

Abstract: A 3-alkoxypropionic ester derivative, an olefin polymerization solid catalyst component using the same, an olefin polymerization catalyst using the same, and a process for the preparation of a polyolefin using the same. The 3-alkoxypropionic ester derivative is represented by formula (I): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 10 carbon atoms; R.sup.2 represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; R.sup.3 represents a hydrocarbon group having from 1 to 20 carbon atoms; and R.sup.4 represents a branched hydrocarbon group having 3 or more carbon atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of the antiviral activity of exogenous leukotriene B.sub.4 (LTB.sub.4), variants and derivatives thereof as a therapeutic agent in viral infections caused by human and animal viruses. The present invention also relates to the use of LTB.sub.4 as an anti-neoplastic agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of cancers induced by tumor viruses and in other neoplasic diseases. The human and animal viruses are DNA viruses, such as parvoviridae, papovaviridae, adenoviridae, herpesviridae, poxviridae and hepadnaviridae; RNA viruses, such as picornaviridae, togaviridae, orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae, coronaviridae, reoviridae, and filoviridae in general, and Retroviridae such as HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Abstract: A substituted cyclopentene derivative of formula (V): whereinX.sup.1 is (.alpha.-OZ.sup.a, .beta.-H) or (.alpha.-H, .beta.-OZ.sup.a), X.sup.3 is (.alpha.-OZ.sup.d, .beta.-H), (.alpha.-H, .beta.-OZ.sup.d), or oxygen atom, each of Z.sup.a and Z.sup.d, which may be the same or different, is a hydrogen atom or a protective radical for a hydroxyl radical;U is a radical selected from the group consisting of CR.sup.1 HCH.sub.2, CR.sup.1 .dbd.CH and C.tbd.C,whereinR.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, halogen atom, substituted silyl radical represented by SiR.sup.9 R.sup.10 R.sup.11 or substituted stannyl radical represented by SnR.sup.14 R.sup.15 R .sup.16,m is an integer of 0 to 6;X.sup.2 is CH.dbd.CH or C.tbd.C,p is an integer of 0 or 1, each of n and q is an integer of 0 to 5; andZ.sup.1 is a hydrogen atom, COOR.sup.y, CN, OH, OCOR.sup.2, CONR.sup.b R.sup.c or NR.sup.d R.sup.e.

Abstract: New tropane analogs that bind to monoamine transporters are described, particularly, 8-aza, 8carbo and 8-oxo tropanes having 6- or 7-substituents. The compounds of the present invention can be racemic, pure R-enantiomers, or pure S-enantiomers. Certain preferred compounds of the present invention have a high selectivity for the DAT versus the SERT. Also described are pharmaceutical therapeutic compositions comprising the compounds formulated in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier and a method for inhibiting 5-hydroxy-tryptamine reuptake of a monoamine transporter by contacting the monoamine transporter with a 5-hydroxytryptamine reuptake inhibiting amount of a compound of the present invention. Preferred monoamine transporters for the practice of the present invention include the dopamine transporter, the serotonin transporter and the norepinephrine transporter.

Abstract: This invention provides a novel class of vitamin D related compounds, namely, the 2-alkylidene-19-nor-vitamin D derivatives, as well as a general method for their chemical synthesis. The compounds have the formula: ##STR1## where Y.sub.1 and Y.sub.2, which may be the same or different, are each selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and a hydroxy-protecting group, R.sub.6 and R.sub.8, which may be the same or different, are each selected from hydrogen, alkyl, hydroxyalkyl and fluoroalkyl, or when taken together represent the group --(CH.sub.2).sub.x -- where x is an integer from 2 to 5, and where the group R represents any of the typical side chains known for vitamin D type compounds. These 2-substituted compounds are characterized by low intestinal calcium transport activity and high bone calcium mobilization activity resulting in novel therapeutic agents for the treatment of diseases where bone formation is desired, particularly low bone turnover osteoporosis.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for the catalyzed isomerization of a Z-isomer of a vitamin A compound or of a mixture of several of such isomers into a mixture of the corresponding all-E- and 13-Z-isomers of this vitamin A compound. The process utilizes nitrogen monoxide or a gas mixture containing nitrogen monoxide as the isomerization catalyst. Vitamin A acetate or vitamin A acid is preferably used as the vitamin A compound. The thus-produced all-E vitamin A and its alkanoyl esters have of all isomers by far the highest biological activity and are accordingly almost exclusively used in human and animal nutrition. The 13-Z-vitamin A compounds in turn play an important role as pharmaceutically active substances.

Abstract: The specification discloses a method and additive for increasing the surface activity of non-polar polymeric materials, and a non-polar polymeric material exhibiting increased surface activity. The invention employs an additive of the formulaA-B-A.sup.1wherein each of the A and A.sup.1 blocks which may be the same or different has a number molecular weight in the range of from about 200 to about 1000 daltons and is selected from the group substituted and unsubstituted alkyl, cycloalkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkenyl, aryl and alkylaryl units derived from one or more esters, organic acids, organic halides or organic acid halides, and units derived from alkyl or aryl isocyanates or ester-amides. The B-block is a polyepichlorohydrin unit derived from a polyepichlorohydrin polyol having at least two terminal hydroxyl groups and having an average molecular weight in the range of from about 400 to about 4000 daltons.

Abstract: Skin aging and related conditions can be effectively treated with a conjugate of a retinoid and a bioactive organic acid preferably selected from among alpha-hydroxy acids, beta-hydroxy acids, and keto-acids; preferred conjugates include retinyl glycolyl ether and retinyl glycolate (as either the ester or reverse ester).

Abstract: Picornaviral 3C protease inhibitors, obtainable by chemical synthesis, inhibit or block the biological activity of picornaviral 3C proteases. These compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions that contain these compounds, are suitable for treating patients or hosts infected with one or more picornaviruses. Several novel methods and intermediates can be used to prepare the novel picornaviral 3C protease inhibitors of the present invention.

Abstract: A monomer of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R5, R6 and R7 are independently hydrogen, alkyl, cyano, alkyloxycarbonyl or carbamoyl; Z is a spacer or a direct link; and R is hydroxyalkyl having a protected terminal hydroxy, can produce a polymer useful for producting a resist composition.

Abstract: A method of using vitamin D derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein X is .dbd.CH.sub.2 or H,H;Y is a moiety--CH(CH.sub.3)--(A).sub.n --C(O)--OR.sup.1 (a)--CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --O--C(O)--R.sup.2 (b)or--C(O)--OR.sup.1 (c);A is --CH.dbd.CH-- or CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --R.sup.1 is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkylmethyl, --CH.sub.2 R.sup.3 or --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 R.sup.3 ;R.sup.2 is lower alkyl, cycloalkyl or R.sup.3 ;R.sup.3 is hydroxy-lower alkyl, hydroxy-cycloalkyl or trifluoromethyl-hydroxy-lower-alkyl;n is 0 or 1;and the dotted bond in the five membered ring is optional;in the treatment of dermatological conditions, in particular keratinization disorders such as psoriasis, as well as acne and photodamaged skin, is described.Vitamin D derivatives of the formula I above, wherein X, Y, A, R.sup.1, R.sup.2, R.sup.3 and n are as set forth above; with the proviso that X is H,H when Y is --CH(CH.sub.3)--CH.sub.2 --OC(O)--C(OH)(CH.sub.3).sub.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## where the symbols have the meaning described in the application, have retinoid-like or retinoid antagonist-like biological activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of the antiviral activity of leukotriene B.sub.4 (LTB.sub.4), variants and derivatives thereof as a therapeutic agent in viral infections caused by human and animal viruses. The present invention also relates to the use of LTB.sub.4 as an anti-neoplastic agent in the prophylaxis and treatment of cancers induced by tumor viruses and in other neoplasic diseases. The human and animal viruses are DNA viruses, such as parvoviridae, papovaviridae, adenoviridae, herpesviridae, poxviridae and hepadnaviridae; RNA viruses, such as picornaviridae, togaviridae, orthomyxoviridae, paramyxoviridae, coronaviridae, reoviridae, oncornaviridae and filoviridae in general, and Retroviridae such as HIV-1 and HIV-2.

Abstract: This invention relates to the synthesis of vegetable and synthetic oil adducts and to the adduct products having the formula ##STR1##

Abstract: Carbonyloxy-substituted azulenesquaric acid dyes of the formula ##STR1## where L is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkylene which may be substituted by phenyl,R.sup.1 is C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl, monounsaturated or polyunsaturated C.sub.3 -C.sub.12 -alkenyl, which may be phenyl-substituted, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.7 -cycloalkenyl, substituted or unsubstituted phenyl, pyrrolyl, furanyl, thienyl or pyridyl andR.sup.2, R.sup.3, R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each independently of the others hydrogen or substituted or unsubstituted C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkyl,with the proviso that when R.sup.3 is hydrogen the positions of the substituents CH.sub.2 --L--O--CO--R.sup.1 and R.sup.4 on either or both azulene rings may also be interchanged with each other within an azulene ring, are useful in an optical recording medium.

Abstract: Compounds having the formulaH--A--(BA).sub.n --OHwhereinn is 1-20;A is ##STR1## B is ##STR2## R.sub.1 is alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is an alkylene having 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenylene having 2-6 carbon atoms, cyclo-alkylene or cycloalkenylene having 5-8 carbon atoms or phenylene having 6-10 carbon atoms;a is 1-6; andb is 2-6.These compounds are useful for making polyurethanes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a .gamma.-lactone of the formula ##STR1## which can be used to produce a single enantiomer of aminoazanoradamantane which is coupled to aromatic acid moieties to produce compounds useful as 5-HT agonists or antagonists.

Abstract: The invention relates to a compound selected from these of formula (I): ##STR1## in which R.sub.1, R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and B are as defined in the description, their enantiomers and diastereoisomers, their Z and E isomers, and their addition salts with a pharmaceutically-acceptable acid or base, and medicinal products containing the same which is useful for treating a disorder selected from an inflammatory disorder and a pathological inflammatory condition.

Abstract: A process of enantioselective synthesis of seven-membered carbocycles in the presence of di-rhodium(II) tetracarboxylate catalysts.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel intermediates for the preparation of vitamin A and carotenoids corresponding to the formula (II): ##STR1## in which A represents a hydrogen or an alkyl, alkenyl or alkoxy group containing 1 to 4 carbon atoms, and X represents a carbon atom, and to a process for their preparation and their use, and further relates to compounds for preparing intermediates of formula (II) corresponding to the formula (III): ##STR2## in which R represents a hydrogen atom, an alkyl group having 1 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkenyl group having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, an alkylcarbonyl, alkenylcarbonyl, alkoxyalkyl or alkoxyalkenyl group in which the alkyl groups have 1 to 10 carbon atoms and the alkenyl groups have 2 to 10 carbon atoms, each of said groups being linear or branched and each being substituted or unsubstituted.

Abstract: p-Hydroxyaniline derivatives of the formula I ##STR1## where the substituents have the following meanings: R.sup.1 is hydrogen, or unsubstituted or substituted alkyl;R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 independently of one another are halogen, alkyl, haloalkyl, alkoxy or haloalkoxy;R.sup.4 is unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or aryl,OR.sup.5 or NR.sup.6 R.sup.7, whereR.sup.5, R.sup.6 are unsubstituted or substituted alkyl, alkenyl, cycloalkyl, cycloalkenyl or aryl, andR.sup.7 is hydrogen or alkyl,and their salts, processes for their preparation, compositions containing them and their use for controlling harmful fungi or pests, and also compounds of the formula VI ##STR2## and their salts, processes for their preparation, compositions containing them and their use as intermediates and for controlling pests are described.

Abstract: Novel unsaturated polylactone acrylates are produced by the reaction of an unsaturated polylactone, such as that produced in the reaction of a lactone with tetrahydrobenzyl alcohol, and a lower-alkyl acrylate under transesterification conditions. The unsaturated polylactone acrylate product may be subsequently epoxidized to form novel 3,4-epoxy polylactone acrylates.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to compounds which inhibit farnesyl-protein transferase (FTase) and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras. The invention is further directed to chemotherapeutic compositions containing the compounds of this invention and methods for inhibiting farnesyl-protein transferase and the farnesylation of the oncogene protein Ras.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 10 carbons; R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are hydrogen, or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbons and the substituted ethynyl group occupies either the 2 or the 3 position of the tetrahydronaphthalene nucleus; m is an integer having the value of 0-3; o is an integer having the value 0-4; Y is a phenyl group, or heteroaryl selected from a group consisting of pyridyl, thienyl, furyl, pyridazinyl, pyrimidinyl, pyrazinyl, thiazolyl, oxazolyl, and imidazolyl, said groups being optionally substituted with one or two R.sub.2 groups; A is (CH.sub.2).sub.n where n is 0-5, lower branched chain alkyl having 3-6 carbons, cycloalkyl having 3-6 carbons, alkenyl having 2-6 carbons and 1 or 2 double bonds, alkynyl having 2-6 carbons and 1 or 2 triple bonds; B is hydrogen, COOH or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, COOR.sub.8, CONR.sub.9 R.sub.10, --CH.sub.2 OH, CH.sub.2 OR.sub.11, CH.sub.2 OCOR.sub.11, CHO, CH(OR.sub.12).sub.2, CHOR.sub.13 O, --COR.sub.7, CR.sub.

Abstract: Novel substituted cis-1,2-dihydroxy-cyclohexadiene compounds, useful as intermediates in the production of compounds for use as intermediates in the production of agrochemicals and pharmaceuticals, and a microbial process for the preparation thereof.

Abstract: The invention relates to new pseudopeptides having an antiviral action, oft he general formula (I) ##STR1## with the meanings given in the description for the substituents, to a process for their preparation and to their use as antiviral agents, in particular against cytomegaloviruses.

Abstract: The invention relates to two classes of prepolymers containing a perfluoropolyethereal chain and carboxylic end groups, suitable as cross-linking agents for epoxy prepolymers. The first class contains anhydride-derived end groups; the second lactone-derived end groups; prepolymers therefrom are also disclosed. Additional non-fluorinated curing agents may also be added.

Abstract: The present specification relates to an industrially advantageous process for producing vitamin A derivatives which are useful as medicaments, feed additives, food additives and the like. The process provides vitamin A derivatives, particularly all-trans vitamin A derivatives in high yield and purity.

Abstract: Novel cyclic anti-tumor promoter compounds and therapeutic compositions are disclosed, along with method for their production and use as anti-cancer and cancer-prevention agents.

Abstract: A method for racemizing an optically active carboxylic acid, or ester thereof, of the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen, hydroxy, halo, cyano, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkoxy, amino or substituted amino or the group ##STR2## is nitrile; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are different and are hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched haloalkyl, aralkyl, cycloalkyl, alkyl substituted cycloalkyl, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryl, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkoxy, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 aryloxy, C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylthio, C.sub.3 to C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylthio, C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylcarbonyl, C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl, trifluoromethyl, halo, C.sub.4 to C.sub.5 heteroaryl, C.sub.10 to C.sub.14 aryl, or biphenyl unsubstituted or substituted with methyl or halo, comprising heating said optically active carboxylic acid or ester thereof in the presence of water at a temperature of from about 40.degree. C.

Abstract: Novel cyclic anti-tumor promoter compounds and therapeutic compositions are disclosed, along with method for their production and use as anti-cancer and cancer-prevention agents.

Abstract: Described are alpha, 3,3-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-methanol derivative-containing composition having from about 85 up to about 90% by weight of a compound having the structure: ##STR1## and from about 10 up to about 15% by weight of a compound having the structure: ##STR2## wherein R.sub.1 is hydrogen or methyl and R.sub.2 is hydrogen or acetyl with the proviso that when R.sub.1 is methyl, R.sub.2 is hydrogen; and uses thereof in augmenting or enhancing the aroma of perfume compositions, colognes and perfumed articles including but not limited to solid or liquid anionic, cationic, nonionic or zwitterionic detergents, fabric softener compositions, fabric softener articles and hair preparations; as well as processes for preparing said alpha, 3,3-trimethyl-1-cyclohexen-1-methanol derivative-containing composition.

Abstract: Unsaturated cycloaliphatic esters like higher hydrocarbyl, functionally substituted or polyunsaturated cyclohex-3-ene carboxylates, made directly by cycloaddition of dienes with dienophillic (meth/eth)acrylates, and their derivatives like epoxides and urethanes, provide useful thermal and radiation curable coatings, inks, sealants, adhesives, solvents, acid scavengers, and intermediates for other uses.

Abstract: Disclosed is a diacetylene compound comprising, as structural units, (a) at least one member selected from diacetylene group-containing organic groups of the formulae (I) and (II):R.sup.I --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--R.sup.II -- (I)and--R.sup.III --C.tbd.C--C.tbd.C--R.sup.IV -- (II)wherein R.sup.I is hydrogen or a (C1-16) monovalent organic group, and R.sup.II, R.sup.III and R.sup.IV are a (C1-13) divalent organic group,(b) at least one organic group having at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and (c) at least one connecting group connecting the units (a) and (b) , which connecting group is selected from amide, imide, ester, ether, amino, imino, urethane, sulfonyl and carbonyl bonds. A cured shaped article made of this compound exhibits isotropically a high elastic modulus and has excellent mechanical properties.

Abstract: An improved process for the separation of enantiomers of a racemic mixture of certain aliphatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof is disclosed. The process involves: (i) forming a salt solution comprising said racemic mixture of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched aliphatic carboxylic acid and an organic or inorganic base; (ii) treating said salt solution with one-half molar equivalent of a chiral organic nitrogenous base having a base strength no stronger than said organic or inorganic base; and (iii) precipitating from the reaction solution formed in step (ii) the less soluble diastereomeric salt, the improvement being adding to the salt solution of step (ii) an inert organic or inorganic base that is soluble in the salt solution.

Abstract: A process for the separation of a racemic mixture of certain aliphatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof is disclosed. The process comprises:i) separating a racemic mixture of an aliphatic carboxylic acid or ester thereof having the formula: ##STR1## where R.sub.1 is hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl; R.sub.2, R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 are different and are hydrogen or C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched alkyl; cycloalkyl; alkyl-substituted cycloalkyl; C.sub.6 to C.sub.14 aryl; C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 alkylthio; C.sub.2 to C.sub.8 cycloalkylthio; C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylthio; C.sub.6 to C.sub.10 arylcarbonyl; C.sub.4 to C.sub.8 cycloalkenyl; trifluoromethyl; halo; or C.sub.4 to C.sub.

Abstract: Novel azulenic retinoid compounds and therapeutic compositions are disclosed, along with method for their production and use as anti-cancer and cancer-prevention agents. The compositions of the present invention will also find use in treating dermatological disorders such as acne and psoriasis, as well as dermatologically-related conditions such as repair and effacement of wrinkles.

Abstract: An improved process for the separation of enantiomers of a mixture of certain aliphatic carboxylic acids or esters thereof is disclosed. The process involves adding an inert liquid to the reaction solution formed by: (i) forming a salt solution comprising said racemic mixture of a C.sub.1 to C.sub.6 linear or branched aliphatic carboxylic acid and an organic or inorganic base; (ii) treating said salt solution with less that equimolar equivalents of a chiral organic nitrogenous base; (iii) precipitating from the reaction solution formed in step (ii) the less soluble diastereomeric salt; (iv) addition of a countersolvent to the slurry formed in step (iii); (v) extracting the more soluble diastereomeric salt or the salt of carboxylic acid and the base added in step (i) into the countersolvent. The inert liquid and the countersolvent must be of sufficiently different density.

Abstract: The invention concerns novel odorants of formula I wherein R is hydrogen or methyl. ##STR1## The invention also concerns fragrance compositions containing I. Formula I is intended to particularly embrace as the racemates, (.+-.)-3.alpha.-acetyl-3.beta.,4.beta.,5,5-tetramethyl-2,3,4,4a.beta.,5,6, 7,8-octahydronapthalene and (.+-.)-3.alpha.-acetyl-4.beta.,5,5-trimethyl-2,3.beta.,4,4a.beta.,5,6,7,8- octahydronapthalene.

Abstract: Nitroaryl carbonyl Formula (IIA) compounds, their nitrodihydroaryl carbonyl Formula (I) intermediates, processes for preparing Formula (II) compounds, and a process for preparing Formula (I) compounds, wherein each process comprises the reaction of a nitroaryl compound with a silane.

Abstract: Cyclohexane derivatives containing carboxyl groups with the general structure of formula (I): ##STR1## alone or in mixtures with one another, in which the substituents on the cyclohexane ring are in the 1-, 2-, and 4-positions, Z is a --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 -- group or a ##STR2## group, R is an alkyl group with 1 to 10 carbon atoms, and n is an integer of 1 to 3, are obtained by the hydrocarboxyalkylation of 1,2,4-trivinylcyclohexane and are useful as monomers for the formation of polymers.

Abstract: Aqueous aldehyde solutions for trapping hydrogen sulfide comprising 5 to 50% by weight of an aldehyde and 1 to 5% by weight, relative to the aldehyde solution of a formulation comprising10 to 80% by weight of an ester of oxalkylated alkylalkylenediamines, which may be quaternized and 20 to 90% by weight of water or of a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 -alcohol.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein m represents is the number of 0 to 1; A is a single convalent bond, --CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.2 --, --OCH.sub.2 --, --COO-- or --OOC--; rings B, C and D are 1,4-phenylene optionally substituted with cyano, halogen or lower alkyl; Y.sup.1 and Y.sup.2 are hydrogen or one of them also is cyano; and R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 each represents C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 -alkyl or C.sub.2 -C.sub.18 alkenyl, either of which is optionally halogen-substituted, in which one CH.sub.2 group or two non-adjacent CH.sub.2 groups is/are optionally replaced by oxygen: with the provisos that at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 has a chiral carbon atom or R.sup.1 is straight-chain C.sub.4-18 -alkoxy and R.sup.2 is straight C.sub.3-18 -alkyl or a C--C double bond or both when A is --COO-- and at least one of R.sup.1 and R.sup.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the polyfluoroalkyl acetate, thioacetate or acetamide type, which can be denoted by the general formula: ##STR1## in which Rf denotes a perfluoroalkyl radical, m is an integer ranging from 1 to 4, Q denotes an oxygen or sulphur atom or an NH group, X.sup.- denotes an anion, R.sub.1 denotes an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 3 carbon atoms, R.sub.2 denotes the allyl radical or an alkyl radical containing from 1 to 18 carbon atoms, and R.sub.3 denotes an alkyl radical containing from 7 to 18 carbon atoms or one of the following radicals: ##STR2## wherein n is an integer from 2 to 4, R is hydrogen or methyl, and Y denotes C.sub.2 -C.sub.8 alkylene bridge optionally interrupted by an oxygen atom.These compounds can be used as surface-active agents or an monomers for developing artificial vesicles.

Abstract: Processes for synthesizing novel phosphonate diester compounds of the general formula ##STR1## are disclosed and claimed. The claimed process includes forming a reaction mixture of a C-14 aldehyde and a methylene-bis-phosphonic acid ester, separating a pentadienyl phosphonic acid dialkyl ester intermediate from the reaction mixture, optionally isomerizing the intermediate in the presence of a basic catalyst, and isolating the desired pentadienylphosphonic acid dialkyl ester compound. The isolated phosphonate compounds made according to the processes of the present invention may be employed in synthesizing retinoids such as retinoic acid or carotenoids such as beta-carotene.