Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof. When cured, thermosets comprising invention gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof have thermally and/or chemically labile gem-diester groups interspersed throughout the crosslinked network. Thus, thermosets based on invention gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof can be easily reworked thermally or chemically by treatment with dilute acidic or basic solutions. Further provided by the present invention are adhesive compositions comprising invention gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to partitioning agents and methods of using same to effectuate separation of a reactant, intermediate product, and/or final product from a reaction mixture while minimizing the need for traditional separation or isolation techniques.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparation of cinnamates using polyaniline salts as catalysts. The present invention more particularly relates to a process for producing cinnamic esters by the direct esterification of cinnamic acid with aliphatic alcohols over polyaniline salts as catalysts.

Abstract: Liquid crystalline compounds suitable for driving at a low voltage and at a wide temperature range, and suitable for high speed response, liquid crystal compositions comprising the compound, and liquid crystal display devices comprising the liquid crystal composition. The crystalline compounds are ester compounds expressed by the general formula (1) wherein R1 represents e.g. a hydrogen atom; A1 to A5 each independently represent e.g. 1,4-cyclohexylene, 1,4-phenylene, 1-cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, 3-cyclohexene-1,4-diyl, 1-sila-1,4-cyclohexylene, or 4-sila-1,4-cyclohexylene; bonding groups Za to Zd each independently represent e.g. a single bond, —CH2—, —O—, —C≡C—, or an alkylene group or alkenylene group having 2 to 4 carbon; bonding group Ze represents e.g.

Abstract: An ester compound of the following formula (1) is provided. R1 is H, methyl or CH2CO2R3, R2 is H, methyl or CO2R3, R3 is C1-C15 alkyl, R4 is branched or cyclic, tertiary C5-C20 alkyl group, Z is a divalent C1-C10 hydrocarbon group, and k is 0 or 1. A resist composition comprising as the base resin a polymer resulting from the ester compound is sensitive to high-energy radiation, has excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance, and is suited for micropatterning using electron beams or deep-UV.

Abstract: Adamantane derivatives in which two (meth)acryloyloxyalkyl groups are bonded with an adamantane ring through ester groups, adamantane derivatives in which two adamantane rings are bonded through an alkylene group and two urethane bonds, which two adamantane rings each have a (meth)acryloyloxy group bonded thereto directly or through a coupling group, and adamantane derivatives each having a structure in which a group containing an adamantane ring hangs on the alkylene group of an alkylene glycol di(meth)acrylate. The compounds are useful as dental materials intermediates therefor, and as intermediates for optical materials such as lenses.

Abstract: An alkene (1) is added to cyclopentenone (2) under the action of an alkyl lithium and an organic copper reagent to form an adduct, said adduct is reacted with e.g.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel retinoid derivative compound represented by the formula I: 1

Abstract: The present invention concerns new organic silicon networks, their production process and use in silica-containing rubber compounds and vulcanizates manufactured from them.

Abstract: The present invention discloses a process for the preparation of a compound according to formula wherein R1 is a C3-C7 alkyl group and R2 is a C1 to C4, linear or branched, alkyl radical, more preferably a methyl group, characterized in that the process includes the isomerisation of an epoxide of formula wherein R1 and R2 have the meaning given in formula (I), in the presence of an acidic isomerisation agent, a thermal treatment or a combination thereof. The process according to the invention allows the preparation of the cyclopentenyl compounds of formula (I) on an industrial scale. The compounds are important starting products for the production of appreciated perfuming ingredients in particular methyl dihydrojasmonates.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a compound of formula 1

Abstract: Acrylic esters containing fluorine at &agr;-position and having an alkoxymethyl group introduced into the ester side chain thereof are novel. Polymers obtained from the acrylic esters are improved in transparency, acid elimination and substrate adhesion and are used to formulate chemically amplified resist compositions for lithographic microfabrication.

Abstract: Amidomethyl esters, carbonylmercaptomethyl esters, keto-containing esters, amidomethyl thioesters, amidomethyl amides, and methylene dithioesters are disclosed. The novel compounds have two carbonyl groups connected by a linking moiety having an oxygen, sulfur or nitrogen attached to a methylene group, to which is further attached a sulfur, nitrogen or CH2 group. Methods of treating illnesses and conditions, such as cancer, hemological disorders, inherited metabolic disorders and others, using these compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: Ferrocene anchored chiral ligands and metal complexes based on such chiral ligands useful in asymmetric catalysis are disclosed. The metal complexes according to the present invention are useful as catalysts in asymmetric reactions, such as, hydrogenation, hydride transfer, allylic alkylation, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydrovinylation, hydroformylation, olefin metathesis, hydrocarboxylation, isomerization, cyclopropanation, Diels-Alder reaction, Heck reaction, isomerization, Aldol reaction, Michael addition; epoxidation, kinetic resolution and [m+n] cycloaddition. The new ligands are effective for asymmetric Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions and Ag-catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of azomethine ylides.

Abstract: An ester compound of the following formula (1) is provided. R1 is H, methyl or CH2CO2R3, R2 is H, methyl or CO2R3, R3 is C1-C15 alkyl, R4 is branched or cyclic, tertiary C5-C20 alkyl group, Z is a divalent C1-C10 hydrocarbon group, and k is 0 or 1. A resist composition comprising as the base resin a polymer resulting from the ester compound is sensitive to high-energy radiation, has excellent sensitivity, resolution, and etching resistance, and is suited for micropatterning using electron beams or deep-UV.

Abstract: The invention relates to cycloalkyl derivatives, a process for their preparation and their use.

Abstract: The invention relates to chiral compounds of formula I wherein R1, R2, MG1, MG2, Sp, X, Y, a, b, c and d have the meaning given in claim 1, to a liquid crystalline mixture comprising at least one chiral compound of formula I, to a polymerizable liquid crystalline mixture comprising at least one chiral compound of formula I and optionally at least one polymerizable mesogenic compound, to the use of such a liquid crystalline mixture or a polymerizable liquid crystalline mixture for the preparation of anisotropic polymer films with a chiral liquid crystalline phase, for active and passive optical elements like polarizers, compensators or color filters and for liquid crystal displays, for example STN, TN, AMD-TN, temperature compensation, guest-host or phase change displays, or surface stabilized or polymer stabilized cholesteric texture (SSCT, PSCT) displays, to cholesteric liquid crystal displays comprising liquid crystalline mixtures comprising chiral compounds of formula I and to polymer fil

Abstract: Catalytic multiphase reactions are conducted by a process, comprising: conducting the catalytic multiphase reactions in a tube reactor, wherein the catalyst is present in the continuous phase and at least one starting material is present in a dispersed phase and the loading factor B of the tube reactor is equal to or greater than 0.8.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing (−)-(1S,4R) N protected 4-amino-2-cylcopentene-1-carboxylate esters represented by the formula (I) wherein R1 and R2 are as described within the specification.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid tertiary alkyl ester (Chemical formula 1) of high purity is obtained at a high yield ratio, by continually adding an esterification agent possessing a monovalent acid group, which agent is ester-interchangeable with a tertiary alcohol, to a mixed fluid of a carboxylic acid and a tertiary alcohol: R1(COOR2)n.

Abstract: Polyacetylene compounds and process for the preparation thereof from a chiral dihydroxy amide are described. The compounds preferably have diacyl groups attached to the amide. The compounds are useful for making films which are electrically conductive, near infrared absorbing, polarizing, and have the characteristic optical and other properties of polyacetylenes.

Abstract: As process for the preparation of a cyclic carbamate of formula (1), comprises treatment of a cyclopentene of formula (2) wherein R1 is H or an organic group of up to 20 C atoms and R2 is C1-10 alkyl, aralkyl or aryl, with a source of halogen and a base.

Abstract: This invention relates to a monomer shown by the general formula [1] (wherein X′ is a cyclic hydrocarbon residue containing polymerizable double bond(s), which may have a substituent, Z is a spacer or a direct bond and R is a substituted alkyl or alkenyl group having one or two protected hydroxyl groups as substituent) and a polymer containing a segment derived from the above monomer. The said polymer is useful for a resist composition, etc. utilized in the production of semiconductor elements, etc. and the said monomer is useful as a starting material for the polymer, and a resist composition using the said polymer can remarkably advantageously be used as a resist material for ArF excimer laser beams which has been considered to be a valuable technology for exposure belonging to the coming generation.

Abstract: This invention is novel processes for the stereoselective preparation of gabapentin analogues.

Abstract: A new process for the preparation of 4,5-diamino shikimic acid derivatives starting from 4-amino-5-azido shikimic acid derivatives is provided. 4,5-diamino shikimic acid derivatives and its pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts are potent inhibitors of viral neuraminidase.

Abstract: An ester compound, which is a production intermediate of a pyrethroid compound, given by formula wherein R1 represents C1-6 alkyl group, etc., can be produced by allowing to react an aldehyde compound given by formula wherein R1 has the same meaning above, with a phosphorane compound given by formula wherein R2 represents a hydrogen atom, halogen atom or C1-4 alkyl group, in an organic solvent, and obtaining a liquid distillate by heating the above reaction mixture with water in high yield.

Abstract: There are described 4-aminobut-2-ynecarboxylic acid derivatives of formula 1

Abstract: The invention provides a multistep process for preparing 1,2-diamino compounds of formula wherein R1, R1′, R2, R2′, R3 and R4 have the meaning given in the specification and pharmaceutically acceptable addition salts thereof, from 1,2-epoxides of formula wherein R1, R′, R2 and R2′ have the meaning given in the specification.

Abstract: Novel acid-blocked amine catalysts and their use in the preparation of polyurethanes. The acid-blocked amine catalysts have the general structure shown below: wherein A is the residue of an organic acid anhydride; R1 is H or C1 to C6 alkyl; R2 is H or C1 to C6 alkyl; n is an integer of 0 to 10; and B is a compound containing a protonated amine and one or more primary amine, secondary amine, or tertiary amine groups.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of optically active 6-hydroxymethyl-4-(tert-butyldimethylsilyloxy)-(4R,6S)-tetrahydro-2H-2-pyranone(&bgr;-Hydroxy-&dgr;-lactone) an important intermediate in the synthesis of biologically active drugs e.g. compactin, atorvastatin, fluvastatin, cholesterol lowering drugs.

Abstract: Ester compounds of formula (1) are useful as monomers to form base resins for use in chemically amplified resist compositions adapted for micropatterning lithography. R1 is H or C1-6 alkyl, R2 is an unsubstituted or halo-substituted acyl or alkoxycarbonyl group of 1-15 carbon atoms, R3 is an acid labile group, k is 0 or 1, and m is an integer from 0 to 5.

Abstract: Ester compounds of formula (1) are useful as monomers to form base resins for use in chemically amplified resist compositions adapted for micropatterning lithography. R1 is H or C1-6 alkyl, R2 is an acid labile group, k is 0 or 1, and m is an integer from 0 to 5.

Abstract: A mouthguard composition is disclosed, containing (a) from 40 to 80% by weight of a styrene block copolymer, (b) from 20 to 60% by weight of an alicyclic saturated hydrocarbon resin and/or an ester gum, and (c) from 0.1 to 10% by weight of an organopolysiloxane in which at least one of organic groups directly bound to the silicon atom in one molecule thereof is a phenyl group, a methylstyryl group, or an alkyl group having from 7 to 30 carbon atoms. The mouthguard composition is high in durability and impact absorption and is free from sticking to gypsum model or hands and fingers at the time of preparation and adjustment works.

Abstract: The present inventions relate to a (1S,5R,6S)- or (1SR, 5RS, 6SR)-3-fluoro-2-oxobicyclo[3.1.0]hex-3-ene-6-carboxylic acid derivative represented by Formula (1): [in the formula, R represents OR1 or NR1R2, wherein R1 and R2 are identical or different, and each represents a hydrogen atom, a C1-C6 alkyl group, a C3-C6 cycloalkyl group, a (C3-C6 cycloalkyl) (C1-C6 alkyl) group, an aryl group, an aryl (C1-C6 alkyl) group, a (C1-C6 alkoxy) (C1-C6 alkyl) group, a C1-C6 hydroxyalkyl group, a (C1-C6 alkylthio) (C1-C6 alkyl) group, or a C1-C6 mercaptoalkyl group], and a process for producing the same, and a process for efficiently producing a fluorine-containing amino acid compound acting on group 2 metabotropic glutamate receptors, which has treatment effects or prevention effects on psychiatric diseases or neurological diseases, characterized by hydrogenating the derivative, and subsequently, subjecting it to hydantoination or aminocyanidation, followed by hydrolysis.

Abstract: There is disclosed a dihalo-compound of formula (1): wherein X1 and X2 represent different halogen atoms, R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxyl group, and a process for producing vitamin A derivative via a sulfone derivative of formula (5): wherein Ar represents an optionally substituted aryl group, and R represents the same as defined above.

Abstract: Picornaviral 3C protease inhibitors, obtainable by chemical synthesis, inhibit or block the biological activity of picornaviral 3C proteases. These compounds, as well as pharmaceutical compositions that contain these compounds, are suitable for treating patients or hosts infected with one or more picornaviruses. Several novel methods and intermediates can be used to prepare the novel picornaviral 3C protease inhibitors of the present invention.

Abstract: Enantiomerically pure &bgr;-hydroxy esters are prepared by a process in which &bgr;-keto esters are reacted with hydrogen in the presence of catalysts of the formula LRuX2 where X is halogen, acetate, allyl, methallyl, 2-phenylallyl, perchlorate, trifluoroacetate, tetrafluoroborate, hexafluoroantimonate, hexafluorophosphate, hexafluoroarsenate or trichloroacetate, L is a bidentate phospholane of the formula I  where B=a bridging link with 1-5 carbon atoms between the two phosphorus atoms, R1=H, C1-C6-alkyl, aryl, alkylaryl or SiR23, R2=alkyl or aryl, m=0 or 1, R3=H or OR4, and R4=R1, with the proviso that if m=1 then R3=H and if m=0 then R3 ≠ H.

Abstract: Stable, enzymatically triggered chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetanes with improved water solubility and storage stability are provided as well as synthetic processes and intermediates used in their preparation. Dioxetanes further substituted with two or more water-solubilizing groups disposed on the dioxetane structure and an additional fluorine atom or lower alkyl group provide superior performance by eliminating the problem of reagent carryover when used in assays performed on capsule chemistry analytical systems. These dioxetanes display substantially improved stability on storage. Compositions comprising these dioxetanes, a non-polymeric cationic surfactant enhancer and optionally a fluorescer, for providing enhanced chemiluminescence are also provided.

Abstract: Stable, enzymatically triggered chemiluminescent 1,2-dioxetanes with improved water solubility and storage stability are provided as well as synthetic processes and intermediates used in their preparation. Dioxetanes further substituted with two or more water-solubilizing groups disposed on the dioxetane structure and an additional fluorine atom or lower alkyl group provide superior performance by eliminating the problem of reagent carryover when used in assays performed on capsule chemistry analytical systems. These dioxetanes display substantially improved stability on storage. Compositions comprising these dioxetanes, a non-polymeric cationic surfactant enhancer and optionally a fluorescer, for providing enhanced chemiluminescence are also provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to leukotriene B4 derivatives of general formula (I) in which R1 stands for CH2OH, CH3, CF3, COOR4, CONR5R6; R2 stands for H or an organic acid radical with 1-15 C atoms; R3 stands for H; R4 is hydrogen, C1-C10-alkyl, C3-C10-cycloalkyl, a C6-C10-aryl radical optionally substituted by 1-3 halogen, phenyl, C1-C4-alkyl, C1-C4-alkoxy, fluoromethyl, chloromethyl, trifluoromethyl, carboxyl or hydroxy, or CH2—CO—(C6-C10) aryl, or a 5-6 link ring with at least 1 heteroatom; A is a trans-, trans-CH═CH—CH═CH, a —CH2CH2—CH═CH— or a tetramethylene group; B is a C1-C10 linear or branched-chain aklylene group or the group (a) or (b); D is a direct bonding, oxygen, sulphur, —C≡C—, —CH═CR7, or a direct bonding with B. The invention also relates to salts thereof, having physiologically compatible bases and their cyclodextrin clathrates.

Abstract: An ester compound of the following formula (1) is provided.

Abstract: Ester compounds of formula (1) are useful as monomers to form base resins for use in chemically amplified resist compositions adapted for micropatterning lithography.

Abstract: Ester compounds of formula (1) are useful as monomers to form base resins for use in chemically amplified resist compositions adapted for micropatterning lithography.

Abstract: A stereospecific method for accomplishing the below reaction: results in the compound of formula 2 having the same stereochemistry at both carbon 1 and carbon 3 as that in the compound of formula 1. Thus, if carbon 3 is in the R-configuration in the compound of formula 1, then carbon 3 will be in the R-configuration in the compound of resulting formula 2. In the above process, R1 is C1-C6 alkyl that can be straight-chain or branched. The process functions using a fluorinated alcohol having a pKa less than about 9, in the presence of a palladium catalyst. The compounds of formula 1, as well as novel intermediates in this process, are useful in manufacturing vitamin D analogs.

Abstract: Pesticidally active cyclohexadienyl derivative compounds of the formula I that are esters, oximes or amides are claimed. These compounds may be used as fungicides, acaricides and insecticides in plant protection.

Abstract: An ester compound, which is a production intermediate of a pyrethroid compound, given by formula 1

Abstract: Alkoxy and/or acyloxy disubstituted and polysubstituted aralkyl and aralkenyl bis-quaternary ammonium derivatives of cyclic alkanol diesters have neuromuscular relaxant properties.

Abstract: An enantiomeric-resolving process for obtaining (1R,2S)-1-amino-2-vinylcyclopropyl carboxylic acid methyl ester by use of an esterase, and especially Alcalase®, is disclosed.

Abstract: Novel polyketides and novel methods of efficiently producing both new and known polyketides, using recombinant technology, are disclosed. In particular, a novel host-vector system is described which is used to produce polyketide synthases which in turn catalyze the production of a variety of polyketides.

Abstract: The present invention provides new synthetic methods and compositions. In particular, new methods of preparing intermediates such as those having formulas (I)-(IV), useful in the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitors and compositions useful as intermediates that are themselves useful in the synthesis of neuraminidase inhibitors are provided.