Abstract: Disclosed herein are sulfur-functional corrosion inhibitors that are adducts of a cyclic anhydride with 2-mercaptoethanol. Concentrates of the sulfur-functional corrosion inhibitors do not degrade to form H2S under standard storage conditions for a period of up to 5 years. Also disclosed herein are treated water sources and treated metal containments including one or more sulfur-functional corrosion inhibitors. The sulfur-functional corrosion inhibitors inhibit corrosion of metal containments contacted with one or more water sources, wherein the one or more water sources comprise one or more corrodents. The sulfur-functional corrosion inhibitors are as effective or more effective at inhibiting corrosion than conventional sulfur-based corrosion inhibitors when compared on a weight or a volume basis.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel sulphur-bridged compounds, in which within the molecule there is at least one fatty acid bonded by way of at least one sulphur bridge to at least one polyalkylene glycol ester, the reaction product of a fatty acid with a polyalkylene glycol, and these have from 8 to 29% by weight sulphur content, to use of these as sulphur carrier and lubricant additive and to production of the said compounds.

Abstract: A composition that includes one or more compounds represented by the formula (R1)a(X)(R2)b wherein R1 and R2 are the same or different and are the residue of an alkyl group having from 4 to 40 carbon atoms, X is the residue of an aliphatic polythiol, aromatic polythiol, cycloaliphatic polythiol, ester or acid containing thiol, or ester or acid containing polythiol, a is a value from 1 to 6, and b is a value from 0 to 6. The composition has a viscosity (Kv100) from 2 to 30 at 100° C., a viscosity index (VI) from 100 to 200, and a Noack volatility of no greater than 20 percent. The disclosure also relates to a process for producing the composition, a lubricating oil base stock and lubricating oil containing the composition, and a method thr improving one or more of solubility and dispersancy of polar additives in a lubricating oil by using as the lubricating oil a formulated oil containing the composition.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compositions useful in treating the various signs of dermatological aging in human skin. The present invention also relates to cosmetic compositions and methods of using such compositions that improve the aesthetic appearance of skin. Further, the present invention relates to methods of applying the compositions to the skin to effect treatment and to improve the aesthetic appearance of skin, particularly, by providing anti-aging benefits to the skin. Suitable anti-aging agents include 3,3?-thiodipropionic acid and/or its derivatives.

Abstract: Dental compositions and disulfide monomers are described. The disulfide monomer comprise a disulfide backbone group wherein each of the sulfur atoms are bonded to an ethylenically unsaturated group via a divalent linking group and the linking group comprises at least one heteroatom; and at least one other monomer ethylenically unsaturated monomer.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyol having the following general formula (I): the method including a step of transesterification followed by a step of thiolation. The present invention also relates to polyols with the formula (T) such as those defined above.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) wherein X1 and X2 independently represent O, NH or S, R1 and R2 are independently selected from the group consisting of a C1-C30 hydrocarbyl group, an amino acid bonded via an amide bond or a peptide bonded via an amide bond each having up to 200 amino acids, the conjugated residue X1 or X2 in this case being NH, and hydrogen, both radicals R1 and R2 preferably not being H, wherein R3 is a residue selected from group consisting of —S—R6, wherein R6 is a C1-C30 hydrocarbyl group, at least one of R1 and R2 not being H when X1 and X2 are oxygen, —S—CH2—CH(NH2)(COOH) (cysteine-S-yl), a homologue or derivative (e.g.

Abstract: High molecular weight disulfide polymers are synthesized in aqueous media by exposing dithiol compounds to a mild oxidizing environment in the presence of a tertiary amine catalyst. The unique oxidizing system polymerizes monomers through the formation of sulfur-sulfur bonds between dithiol compounds. The same oxidizing system may be used to make disulfide-crosslinked gels from compounds containing multiple thiol groups. The oxidizing system is comprised of oxygen at atmospheric concentration and dilute hydrogen peroxide. A filler such as carbon black may be incorporated into the polymer or cross-linked gel during polymerization. A polydisulfide polymer is provided having a weight average molecular weight of greater than about 100,000 g/mol and a polydispersity index of about 2 or less. A tetrathiol composition results from a reaction of a diacrylate with a trithiol.

Abstract: Thiol ester compositions, methods of making the thiol ester compositions, and methods of using the thiol ester compositions are provided. In some embodiments, the thiol ester compositions include thiol esters, hydroxy thiol esters and cross-linked thiol esters. The thiol ester composition can be used to produce cross-linked thiol esters, sulfonic acid-containing esters, sulfonate containing esters and thioacrylate containing esters. The thiol ester compositions can be used to produce polythiourethanes. The polythiourethanes can be used in fertilizers and fertilizer coatings.

Abstract: A curable composition for imprints, which is excellent in patternability and in line edge roughness, is provided. The curable composition for imprints comprises at least one kind of polymerizable monomer (A) and at least one kind of photopolymerization initiator (B). The polymerizable monomer (A) comprises at least two fluorine-containing groups selected from a fluoroalkyl group and a fluoroalkylether group and each of two of the fluorine-containing groups is connected with each other through a linking group having at least two carbon atoms.

Abstract: An additive for oils that is capable of imparting oils such as lubricant base oils with superior wear resistance properties or friction resistance properties, and a lubricant. An additive for oils that includes a compound represented by formula (I) is used. A and B each represents a single bond or hydrocarbylene or the like, X and Y each represents a sulfur atom or single bond, and W and Z each represents a hydrogen atom or —NR1R2 or the like, provided that W and Z are not both hydrogen atoms. R1 and R2 each represents a hydrogen atom, a hydrocarbyl or a hydrocarbylcarbonyl or the like, and n and m each represents an integer of 0 to 5.

Abstract: Among other things, the present invention provides novel isoprenyl compounds capable of effectively modulating inflammatory responses and pharmaceutical, cosmetic, cosmeceutical and topical compositions comprising these isoprenyl compounds. Anti-inflammatory compounds of the present invention are useful in treating or preventing diseases or conditions associated with inflammation. Proinflammatory compounds of the present invention are useful in treating or preventing diseases or conditions associated with suppression of inflammatory responses. Thus, the present invention also provides methods useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions associated with inflammation as well as methods useful in the treatment or prevention of diseases or conditions associated with suppression of inflammatory responses.

Abstract: A compounding agent for rubber vulcanization comprising an amine salt compound of a carboxylic acid group-containing disulfide having the formula (I): wherein R1, R2 and R3 are independently hydrogen or a C1-C20 organic group which may have a heteroatom and/or a substituent group, and X is a C2-C20 organic group which may have a heteroatom and/or a substituent group, a method for producing the same and a rubber composition containing the same, capable of improving the vulcanization rate and vulcanized rubber physical properties, without having a detrimental effect on the scorch time.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing alkyl thiodiglycolates of the general formula (I) R—OOC—CH2-S—CH2-COO—R??(I) where R is a radical of branched or unbranched C1 to C10-alkyl, characterized in that an alkyl haloacetate of the general formula (II) X—CH2-COO—R??(II) where X is a chlorine or bromine atom and R is as defined for compounds of the formula (I) is reacted with an aqueous solution of alkali metal sulphide or alkali metal hydrogensulphide in the presence of an aqueous pH buffer solution in the pH range between 5 and 8, optionally in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention is directed generally to protecting cells, tissues and organs against the damaging effects of ionizing or other damaging agents associated with radiation or chemotherapy, or degenerative diseases or processes of various organs that elicit the production of free radicals or oxidants such as peroxides, superoxide anions, hydroxyl radicals or nitric oxides, or heavy metal cations. More particularly, the present invention is concerned with methoxypolyethylene glycol thioester chelate methyl esters that are useful as protectors against tissue damage by penetrating the cell membrane to donate electrons to free radical oxidants and remove heavy metals that may react with peroxides to produce the reactive hydroxyl radical, or remove Ca++ that may be released from organelles. These chelate esters will also have utility in reducing intraocular pressure in glaucoma patients.

Abstract: A process is described for preparing alkyl thiodiglycolates of the general formula (I) R—OOC—CH2-S—CH2-COO—R ??(I) where R is a radical of branched or unbranched C1 to C10-alkyl, characterized in that an alkyl haloacetate of the general formula (II) X—CH2-COO—R ??(II) where X is a chlorine or bromine atom and R is as defined for compounds of the formula (I) is reacted with an aqueous solution of alkali metal sulphide or alkali metal hydrogensulphide in the presence of an aqueous pH buffer solution in the pH range between 5 and 8, optionally in the presence of a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: The invention relates to an initiator comprising at least one structural element characterized by the following formula (I) wherein X? is a non or low coordinating anion, R1, R2, R3, R4 are independently linear, cyclic or branched C1-C20 alkyl or alkylene groups, wherein one or more of the methylene groups contained in the alkyl or alkylene group can be substituted by —CO—, —CONH—, —CON(CH3)—, —S— and/or —O—, and wherein R1, R2, R3 and/or R4 can act as a bridging element connecting two or more structural elements. The invention is also related to a process of producing the initiator and to a curable composition comprising the initiator, a process for producing the curable composition a kit comprising a cationically curable composition and the inventive initiator and the use of the initiator or the curable composition comprising the initiator for various applications, especially in the dental field.

Abstract: The present invention relates to series of compounds with aqueous metal decontamination activity and their uses in removing metals from aqueous media. The compounds are esters of organic acids or alcohols with polyols that contain a sulfhydral group (—SH). The compounds release sulfhydral slowly into the water providing activity over extended periods of time and exhibit biodegradable characteristics. The compounds may be used to remediate aqueous media.

Abstract: The present invention relates to series of compounds with aqueous metal decontamination activity and their uses in removing metals from aqueous media. The compounds are esters of organic acids or alcohols with polyols that contain a sulfhydral group (—SH). The compounds release sulfhydral slowly into the water providing activity over extended periods of time and exhibit biodegradable characteristics. The compounds may be used to remediate aqueous media.

Abstract: Adhesion promoters for polymer coatings on metals are articulated into at least two head groups connected by a hydrocarbon spacer group. One head group reacts particularly well with polymer molecules. Other head groups form a durable bond with a metal surface. The length of the spacer group is such that a substance deposited in a substance layer on a metallic surface of a body or particle has hydrophobic properties. Suitable adhesion promoters can be sulfur compounds, amino compounds, hydroxyl or carbonyl compounds. A plastic composite body, a compound and a process of preparing a compound are also provided.

Abstract: A method for producing chiral compounds according to the condition of a 1.4 Michael reaction, and a compound of formula (31).

Abstract: Novel thioglycerol derivatives, processes for their manufacture, and optical materials made from such compounds. The thioglycerol derivatives have high concentrations of sulfur relative to compounds conventionally used for optical materials, and thus exhibit high refractive indices without sacrificing processability.

Abstract: Novel thioglycerol derivatives, processes for their manufacture, and optical materials made from such compounds. The thioglycerol derivatives have high concentrations of sulfur relative to compounds conventionally used for optical materials, and thus exhibit high refractive indices without sacrificing processability.

Abstract: A process comprises contacting, in the presence of a catalyst, hydrogen sulfide or a mercaptan such as, for example, n-dodecyl mercaptan with an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl or .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated cyano compound such as, for example, methyl acrylate wherein the catalyst comprises a pyridine derivative such as, for example, 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine or an ion exchange resin such as, for example, "AMBERLYST A-21" to produce a 3-hydrocarbylthio derivative of the .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated carbonyl or .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated cyano compound such as, for example, methyl 3-(dodecylthio)propionate.

Abstract: .alpha.,.omega.-polymethacrylate dicarboxylic acids of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 is an optionally halogenated alkyl group with 1 to 22 carbon atoms, wherein the R1 group can assume different meanings in the polymer molecule,R.sup.2 is the group of a known chain transfer agent, which has a terminal --COOH croup anda has a value not less than 4. The invention furthermore relates to the synthesis of these compounds and their use as sole or partial components for the synthesis or modification of polyepoxides, polyesters, polyamides, alkyd resins or polyurethanes.

Abstract: A compound of the general formula (I) ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl from about 4 to about 22 carbon atoms, R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 independently of one another are alkyl from about 1 to about 22 carbon atoms, X is either sulphur or oxygen, Y is --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O-- or --C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O-- or a mixture of --C.sub.2 H.sub.4 O and --C.sub.3 H.sub.6 O--, m is a number from about 1 to about 20, n is a number from about 1 to about 6, p is a number from 2 to 4, q is a number from 0 to about 2 and r is a number from 0 to about 2, with q+r+p being the integer 4. This invention is also directed m the method for treating fibers by applying this compound.

Abstract: Derivatized drugs are prepared with a linker consisting of a malonate, wherein the drug is linked through a methylene to the 2-position carbon of the malonate.

Abstract: The novel compounds of the formula I ##STR1## in which n is an integer from the range from 4 to 8 and m is an integer from the range from 1 to 4,A is the aliphatic, aromatic, araliphatic or heterocyclic radical of a monobasic to tetrabasic carboxylic acid, andR.sup.1 and R.sup.1', independently of one another, are C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl or C.sub.5 -C.sub.8 cycloalkyl, are suitable for stabilizing organic material against thermal, oxidative or actinic degradation.

Abstract: The subject matter of the invention is a process for the preparation of carboxylic acids and derivatives of them of the general formula ##STR1## wherein R means hydrogen, or a C.sub.1-4 alkyl or a (C.sub.1-5 alkoxy)carbonyl group,R.sub.1 is as defined in claim 1,R.sub.7 stands for hydrogen or a C.sub.1-7 alkyl group andR.sub.8 means hydrogen or a carboxyl group.

Abstract: Disulfides of the general formulaX.sup.1 --(CH.sub.2).sub.n --S--S--(CH.sub.2).sub.n --X.sup.2where X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are identical to one another and are each --Br, --N-phthalimide, --NH.sub.2, --OOC--(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --COOH, --OSO.sub.2 --CH.sub.3, --NH--(CH.sub.2).sub.2 --NH.sub.2, --SO.sub.3 H or --SO.sub.3.sup.- M.sup.+ in which M.sup.+ is an alkali metal ion and n is from 11 to 25, or X.sup.1 is --OH and X.sup.2 is --Br or X.sup.1 and X.sup.2 are each --COO--CH.sub.2 --CH.sub.3 and n is from 10 to 25, are suitable for the production of monomolecular layers on noble metal substrates and for the production of multimolecular layers.

Abstract: Oligomers with polydiene sequences and crosslinkable grafts are useful as coatings for protecting metal surfaces as well as inking buffers. The oligomers contain a polydiene sequence of 1-100 diene links, from 1 to 20 polar functional groups, and from 1-20 acrylic or methacrylic groups.

Abstract: Amino acids and amino acid derivatives bearing isotopic hydrogen labels at both the .alpha.- and .beta.-positions are produced when N-substituted azomethine derivatives of carboxylic acids and carboxylic acid derivatives are hydrogenated over metal catalysts in isotopically-enriched protic solvents with molecular hydrogen.

Abstract: Oxime ethers of the general formula ##STR1## where R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are hydrogen or alkyl,R.sup.3 is hydrogen, halogen, cyano, aryl or aryloxy, the aromatic ring being unsubstituted or substituted, or R.sup.3 is heteroaryl, adamantyl, fluorenyl or cycloalkyl or cycloalkenyl, these radicals being unsubstituted or substituted,X is saturated or unsaturated C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 -alkylene which is unsubstituted or substituted, andn is 0 or 1,and fungicides containing these compounds.

Abstract: A liquid polymerizable prepolymer having good storage stability is prepared by addition reaction of a polyene compound having a group ##STR1## (R.sub.1 =H or CH.sub.3) with a polythiol compound in the presence of a basic catalyst under such a condition that the ratio of the total number of vinyl groups to the total number of thiol groups is at least 2. The liquid polymerizable prepolymer is used alone or in combination with an aliphatic polyfunctional vinyl monomer having a refractive index of at least 1.45 for the manufacture of an optical element.

Abstract: Activated olefinically unsaturated organic compounds such as esters, acids, ketones, nitriles, and the like, are reacted with hydrogen sulfide in the presence of at least one of magnesium oxide and anion exchange resins catalysts to produce saturated sulfur-containing compounds. In a specific embodiment, unsaturated carboxylates are converted in high yields to mercaptoalkanoates.

Abstract: New compounds having utility for enhancing the activity of antifolates are disclosed of the formula: ##STR1## wherein X is selected from hydrogen ##STR2## and R"--; R' is selected from alkyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, substituted and unsubstituted aryl, and substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclic aryl; R" is selected from ##STR3## and R'S; M is selected from OR and secondary amine; and R is selected from hydrogen, alkyl, acyloxymethyl, substituted and unsubstituted aryl, substituted and unsubstituted heterocyclic aryl, amino cation and metal cation.

Abstract: The present invention refers to a new class of malonic acid derivatives of general formula I ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, each independently, represent hydrogen or a carboxyl protecting group, and the residue R corresponds to the side-chain of the amino acids lysine, ornithine, tyrosine, cysteine, asparatic acid and glutamic acid wherein the additional functionalities are suitably protected. The new compounds of the present invention are useful for preparing analogues of biologically active peptides wherein the direction of some amide bonds in which the amino acids lysine, ornithine, tyrosine, cysteine, aspartic acid or glutamic acid are involved, has been reversed.

Abstract: Lubricating oil compositions, particularly lubricating oil compositions comprising sulfur-containing polymeric polyesters. Sulfur-containing polyesters and methods for preparing same are also disclosed. The sulfur-containing polyesters are useful for preparing low-phosphorus containing lubricating oil compositions.

Abstract: Substituted alkadienes of the formula: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is hydroxy or acetoxy, R.sub.2 is hydrogen, carboxy, alkoxycarbonyl, phenyl or benzoyl, andR.sub.3 is alkylthio or alkoxy and R.sub.4 is naphthoyl or optionally substituted benzoyl,or R.sub.3 is alkoxycarbonyl, cycloalkyloxycarbonyl or cyano and R.sub.4 is alkyl, naphthyl, optionally substituted phenyl, alkylthio, naphthylmethanethio, optionally substituted benzylthio, optionally substituted phenylthio, naphthylthio, phenethylthio or allylthio,or R.sub.3 and R.sub.4 form, with the carbon atom to which they are attached, a ring-system of formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.5 is hydrogen or alkoxy and X is methylene or S inhibit 5-lipoxygenase and are useful, for example, as anti-inflammatories.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) ##STR1## in which the Rs independently of one another are H, phenyl, naphthyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 alkaryl and R.sup.1 is H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.8 alkyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, phenyl, naphthyl, C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 alkaryl or a group of the formula (II)--(CH.sub.2).sub.a --SR.sup.3 (II)R.sup.2 is C.sub.7 -C.sub.30 alkaryl, phenyl, naphthyl or phenyl containing, in the para-position, an HO or C.sub.1 -C.sub.18 alkoxy group or a group of the formulae ##STR2## or R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, together with the nitrogen atom to which they are attached, are a radical of the formula (III) ##STR3## R.sup.3 is a radical of the formulae --(CH.sub.2).sub.b --COOR.sup.6 or --(CH.sub.2).sub.2 OCOR.sup.7, a is the number 1, 2 or 3 and b is the number 1 or 2, and R.sup.4 is phenyl or a group of the formula (II), the two R.sup.5 s independently of one another are H, C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.9 aralkyl, and R.sup.6 is H, C.sub.1 -C.

Abstract: This invention is concerned with the stabilization of organic materials subject to oxidative degradation. The synergists of this invention possess organothioethyl alcohol segmers or moieties which enhance the antioxidative activity of phenolic and amine stabilizers. The invention is also concerned with compounds that contain an organothioethyl alcohol moiety and their use in oxidizable materials in combination with polymerizable and/or conventional antidegradants.

Abstract: Aliphatic polyesters containing sulphur, which contain the sulphur as structural units in the form of sulphide or disulphide groups in both the acid component and the diol component, a process for the preparation of these polyesters, and also polymers containing these polyesters.

Abstract: A novel class of compounds has been found to be effective in blocking cholesterol and neutral lipid synthesis in-vivo without adversely affecting energy metabolism, useful for the treatment of obesity, hyperlipidemia and maturity-onset diabetes. The active compounds have the general formula ##STR1## or in-vivo hydrolyzable functional derivatives of the carboxylic groups thereof,whereinR.sub.1 and R.sub.2 each independently represents an unsubstituted or substituted hydrocarbyl or hetercyclyl radical;X and Y each independently represents hydrogen, optionally substituted lower alkyl, halogen, cyano, carboxy, lower alkoxycarbonyl or carbamoyl; andQ represents a diradical consisting of a linear chain of 8 to 14 carbon atoms, one or more of which may be replaced by heteroatoms, said chain being optionally substituted by inert substituents and one or more of said carbon or heteratom chain members optionally forming part of a ring structure.

Abstract: Tetrahydronaphthalene derivatives of the formula ##STR1## wherein Y, m, n, R and R.sup.1 to R.sup.9 are as set forth herein, are described.These compounds have a pronounced calcium-antagonistic and anti-arrhythmic activity and can accordingly be used as medicaments, especially for the control or prevention of angina pectoris, ischaemia, arrhythmias and high blood pressure. The compounds of formula I can be prepared by the amination of a compound of the formula ##STR2## with a corresponding N-methyl-phenylalkylamine and optional subsequent O-acylation. Compounds of formula II and IV are also described and are within the scope of the invention.

Abstract: Additives for rubber compositions, giving vulcanizates having improved retention of optimum physical properties, are compounds having the formula R--S--B--S--R where B is an organic bridging group and R is an electron-withdrawing group, for example CN, CCl.sub.3, a radical containing an activated methylene group linked to the sulphur atom or the enolic tautomer of a keto-activated methylene group. Also useful as stabilizing agents are oligomeric analogues of such compounds.

Abstract: Additives for rubber compositions, giving vulcanizates having improved retention of optimum physical properties, are compounds having the formula R-S-B-S-R where B is an organic bridging group and R is an electron-withdrawing group, for example CN, CCl.sub.3, a radical containing an activated methylene group linked to the sulphur atom or the enolic tautomer of a keto-activated methylene group. Also useful as stabilizing agents are oligomeric analogues of such compounds.

Abstract: Hydroxyl-containing liquid polymers having an aliphatic polymeric backbone and sulfide linkages near the terminal portions of the polymer molecule are prepared by polymerizing (1) at least one of selected vinylidene monomers having at least one terminal CH.sub.2 .dbd.C< group per monomer molecule, together with (2) at least one hydroxyl-containing disulfide in the presence of (3) ultraviolet radiation.

Abstract: Hydroxythioether fatty acid derivatives of formula (I) ##STR1## wherein n is 2-5, m is 8-12, R.sup.1 is OH, O-loweralkyl, NH.sub.2, NH-loweralkyl or NH-carboxyalkyl, R.sup.2 is OH or O-lower-alkyl, X is H or NH.sub.2 or ##STR2## and salts thereof are useful in preventing or alleviating asthma or other allergic diseases.

Abstract: Compounds prepared by reacting maleic anhydride, maleic acid or their esters with thiols; which exhibit a synergistic effect when combined with a phenolic antioxidant in the stabilization of organic materials such as natural and synthetic polymers, rubbers, lubricants and oil, etc. are disclosed.

Abstract: The addition reaction of hydrogen sulfide with an olefinically unsaturated alkyl carboxylate, to form a product mixture at least 55 weight percent alkyl mercaptoalkanoate, is made immune from significant effects on product selectivity caused by CO.sub.2 contamination of the hydrogen sulfide by selection of the addition catalyst from inorganic and organic bases having an ionization constant greater than 2.0.times.10.sup.-5 at 25.degree. C., such as triethylamine.