Abstract: A process is provided for separating high purity alkyl glycolate from a gaseous reaction mixture resulting from the catalyzed gas phase oxidation of alkyl glycolate. A hot solvent which is immiscible with water but selectively dissolves alkyl glycolate and alkyl glyoxylate is brought in contact with the gaseous reaction mixture, and water and alcohol vapors are removed from the hot solvent. The alkyl glyoxylate is removed from the solution by a first distillation and the alkyl glycolate and solvent are then separated in a second distillation.

Abstract: These acrylates are those of formulae: ##STR1## where R=C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.5 -C.sub.12 cycloalkyl, aryl, arylalkyl or alkylaryl; Y=C.sub.1 -C.sub.12 alkyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.12 aryl, heterocyclic radical whose ring contains from 5 to 10 members and whose heteroatom is chosen from N, O and S, an alkylaryl in which the alkyl part contains from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, Y not being able to denote 1,4-phenylene when R denotes methyl; and Z=hydrocarbon radical containing at least 2 C forming with O and the 2 adjacent Cs a ring containing from 4 to 8 members.To prepare them, an acrylate of formula CH.sub.2 .dbd.CH--COOR is reacted with a dialdehyde OHC--Y--CHO in the presence of an effective quantity of at least one functionalisation catalyst.The invention also relates to the preparation of new polymers and copolymers from the said acrylates.

Abstract: Process for the preparation of acetoacetates and other .beta.ketoesters is provided, involving reaction of nitrogen, oxygen or sulfur nucleophiles with a tertiaryalkyl acetoacetate or tertiaryalkyl .beta.-ketoester.

Abstract: A 3-substituted 2-hydroxy3-formylpropionic ester of the formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is lower alkyl, and R.sup.2 is straight-chain or branched alkyl of 1 to 10 carbon atoms, is obtained by adding an alkanal of the formula II ##STR2## and an alkyl glyoxylate of the formula III ##STR3## simultaneously to a catalyst system composed of a salt or a mixture of a secondary amine and a carboxylic acid in such a way that the temperature does not exceed 90.degree. C., preferably 80.degree. C., or else adding one of the reactants of the formula II or III to a mixture of the catalyst system described above and the other reactant in such a way that the temperature does not exceed 90.degree. C. The 2-hydroxy-3-formylpropionic ester of the formula I can be converted by treatment with dehydrating agents, especially acetic anhydride, into good yields of the corresponding 3-substituted 3-formylacrylic ester.

Abstract: In the catalyzed gas phase oxidative dehydrogenation of alkyl glycolate with an oxygen source in the presence of a metallic silver catalyst, the selectivity of from 500 to about 5000 ppm the reaction is increased at high conversion rates by the addition of methylene chloride to the reactants.

Abstract: The process in which alkyl glyoxylates are prepared by the catalytic oxidative dehydrogenation of the corresponding alkyl glycolates is improved by carrying out the process in at least two adiabatic reaction stages in series, in which no more than about 60 percent of the stoichiometric amount of oxygen is used in the first stage.

Abstract: The preparation of 2-formyl-2-methyl succinates by reacting itaconates with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in contact with a catalyst system comprising rhodium and a tertiary phosphorus compound, wherein the reaction is carried out under a pressure of from 90 to 325 bar.

Abstract: Glycerol derivatives of general formula (I)CH.sub.2 --ORCH--OR.sub.1 (I)CH.sub.2 --OR.sub.2in which R=allyl, methylallyl, acryloyl or methacryloyl, R.sub.1 =R.sub.2 =glyoxyloyl, R.sub.1, R.sub.2 =H, glyoxyloyl; their preparation process, their use as cross-linking agents and cross-linking or cross-linkable compositions containing them.Application in the textile or paper industry.

Abstract: This invention provides novel insecticidally and acaricidally active pyrimidine derivatives of formula (I): ##STR1## and stereoisomers thereof, wherein R.sup.1 is selected from alkyl; alkenyl; alkynyl; haloalkyl; haloalkenyl; and cycloalkyl optionally substituted by alkyl or halogen;R.sup.2 is selected from alkyl; haloalkyl; alkoxy; alkylamino; dialkylamino; halogen; cycloalkyl optionally substituted by halogen or alkyl; and phenyl optionally substituted by alkyl, haloalkyl, halogen or alkoxy;R.sup.3 is selected from hydrogen and halogen;R.sup.4 is the residue of an alcohol of formula R.sup.4 -OH which forms an insecticidal ester when combined with chrysanthemic acid, permethrin acid or cyhalothrin acid; andX is selected from oxygen and sulphur.

Abstract: 5-Formylvaleric esters are prepared by a process which comprises the following steps:(a) Hydroformylation of a pentenoic ester by reaction with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated temperatures and under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a carbonyl complex of a metal of group 8 of the Periodic Table with formation of a mixture of 5-, 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters,(b) Isolation of the 5-formylvaleric ester from the resulting mixture of 5-, 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters, a mixture essentially consisting of 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters remaining,(c) Cleavage of the mixture essentially consisting of 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters at from 50.degree. to 400.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst to give pentenoic esters and(d) Recycling of the pentenoic esters to stage (a).

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of a glyoxylic acid ester by oxydehydrogenation of the corresponding glycolic acid ester in the gas phase over a supported catalyst in a tubular reactor. The catalyst support consists of at least one cylindrical monolith which essentially has the same diameter as the reactor tube and contains channels with a diameter of 1 to 10 mm leading from the inlet to the outlet of the reactor tube. 60 to 90% of the monolith volume is formed by hollow spaces.

Abstract: Adipic acid is prepared by a process which comprises the following steps:(a) Hydroformylation of a pentenoic ester by reaction with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated temperatures and under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl or rhodium carbonyl complex with formation of a mixture of 5-, 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters,(b) isolation of the 5-formylvaleric ester from the resulting mixture of 5-, 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters, a mixture essentially consisting of 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters remaining,(c) dehydrocarbonylation of the mixture consisting essentially of 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters in the presence of one or more elements of subgroup 8 of the Periodic Table at from 50.degree. to 400.degree. C.

Abstract: .omega.-Formylalkanecarboxylic esters are prepared by hydroformylation of an alkenecarboxylic ester with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated tempertures and under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl complex by a process in which an .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated alkenecarboxylic ester is hydroformylated in the presence of from 0.01 to 1 mol %, calculated as cobalt, of a cobalt carbonyl complex, while maintaining a conversion of from 10 to 70% of .alpha.,.beta.-unsaturated alkenecarboxylic esters.

Abstract: A process of this invention for producing glyoxylate esters is carried out by contacting a with a catalyst comprising ferric phosphate on an alumina supportfeed composition comprising an oxygen containing gas and a vaporized lower alkyl ester of glycolic acid. The process of the invention can be carried out as either a fixed bed or a fluid bed operation.

Abstract: 2-Substituted 4-acyloxy-2-butenals of the general formula I ##STR1## where R.sup.1 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms which may be substituted by cycloalphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic radicals, by alkenyl or alkynyl or by hydroxyl, ether, thioether, acetoxy acyl, alkylamino, carboxyl or carbalkoxy, and R.sup.2 is acyloxy, are prepared by reacting a monosubstituted acetaldehyde of the general formula II ##STR2## where R.sup.2 has the abovementioned meaning, with an aldehyde of the general formula III ##STR3## where R.sup.1 has the abovementioned meaning, in the presence of a linear or cyclic secondary amine and of an organic acid at from 20.degree. to 100.degree. C.

Abstract: Process for the synthesis of compounds of the formula ##STR1## in R[R*,S*] enantiomeric form, wherein each P.sub.1 is independently an hydroxy group-protecting group, andR.sub.2z is C.sub.1-4 alkyl, benzyl or allyl,comprising, as a key step when R.sub.2z is R.sub.2x, the reaction of the compound of the formula ##STR2## in (S) enantiomeric form with a compound of the formulaMg.sup. .circle.+2 (.sup..crclbar. OOC--CH.sub.2 --COOR.sub.2x).sub.2to obtain a compound of the formula ##STR3## in (S) enantiomeric form, and, as a key step when R.sub.2z is R.sub.2y, the reaction of a compound of the formula ##STR4## in (S) enantioimeric form with a compound of the formulaLi.sup..sym..crclbar. CH.sub.2 --COOR.sub.2yto obtain a compound of the formula ##STR5## in (S) enantiomeric form, wherein R.sub.2x is primary or secondary C.sub.1-4 alkyl, benzyl or allyl,R.sub.2y is C.sub.1-4 alkyl not containing an asymmetric carbon atom, andR.sub.

Abstract: There is disclosed an improved process for the manufacture of glyoxylic acid obtained by oxidation of glycolic acid. For processing purposes alkyl esters of these acids are employed. Increased efficiency is obtained by recovering glycolate rich streams from one or more distillation operations and after treatment to remove acetic acid by-product the streams are recycled to the oxidation reaction.

Abstract: This invention concerns a process for the production of diesters by hydroformylation/Michael addition of alkyl acrylates, which comprises contacting the alkyl acrylate with carbon monoxide and hydrogen in the presence of a catalyst system comprising a rhodium-containing compound, excess phosphine-containing ligand, a nitrogen-containing compound and a solvent at a temperature of 70.degree.-150.degree. C. and a pressure of 500-4000 psi.

Abstract: An improved process for separating high purity alkyl glyoxylate from complex mixtures containing alkyl glyoxylate, alkyl glycolate, water, alcohol and miscellaneous impurities by an azeotropic distillation operation using an azeotroping agent selected from the group consisting of methylene dichloride, 1,1,1--trichloroethane, and benzene.

Abstract: .delta.-Formylvalerates are prepared by a process wherein a 3-pentenoate is treated with an isomerization catalyst at elevated temperatures and a 4-pentenoate is distilled off, and the resulting 4-pentenoate is reacted with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at from 80 to 160.degree. C. under from 1 to 30 bar in the presence of a rhodium carbonyl complex which has been modified with tertiary organic phosphines or phosphites.

Abstract: 4-oxa-aldehydes are prepared by catalytic isomerization of a 1,3-dioxane using an acidic zeolite catalyst.

Abstract: Compounds halogenated in the .alpha.-position to an electron-attracting group of formula ##STR1## in which X denotes a halogen atom, R denotes a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical or a radical --(CH.sub.2).sub.3 --COOR.sub.1 and Z denotes a radical --CHO, --COR.sub.2, --COOR.sub.3, --CONR.sub.4 R.sub.5, --CN, --SO.sub.2 R.sub.6, --NO.sub.2, --CO--(CH.sub.2)p--COO.sub.1 or --COO(CH.sub.2)p--COOR.sub.1 are made by a halogenating deacylation of a compound of formula ##STR2## in which R' denotes a hydrogen atom or a hydrocarbon radical, R" denotes a methyl radical and Z' denotes a radical --CHO, --COR.sub.2, --COOR.sub.3, --CONR.sub.4 R.sub.5, --CN, --SO.sub.2 R.sub.6 or --NO.sub.2 or R' and R" may form a radical --(CH.sub.2)-- or R' and R" may form a radical --CO--(CH.sub.2)p-- or --COO(CH.sub.2)p--, using an alkali metal alcoholate or an alkali or alkaline-earth metal carbonate and a halogenating agent.

Abstract: 7-Substituted lower alkyl hept-6-enoates and 4-hydroxy-tetrahydropyran-2-ones bearing 6-olefinic substituents (E), (Z), ethyl erythro-3,5-dihydroxy-7-phenyl-hept-6-enates are prepared by a multi-step process involving lower alkyl 3,5-dihydroxy-hept-6-enates. The final products are useful as anti hypercholesteremic agents.

Abstract: Fatty ethers are provided which are lower alkyl ethers cyano-substituted lower alkyl ethers, ester ethers or amide ethers of fatty alcohols substituted with at least one of the following substituents: formyl, methylol, or acryloxymethyl. The substituted fatty ethers are useful as monomers in a wide variety of polymer systems.

Abstract: Novel condensed seven-membered ring compounds of the formula: ##STR1## [wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are independently hydrogen, halogen, trifluoromethyl, lower alkyl or lower alkoxy, or both jointly form tri- or tetramethylene; R.sup.3 and R.sup.5 are independently hydrogen, lower alkyl or aralkyl; R.sup.4 is hydrogen or lower alkyl; R.sup.6 is a condensed or non-condensed hetero-alicyclic containing at least one atom of N, O and S as a ring-forming atom which may be substituted; A is an alkylene chain; n is 1 or 2] and salts thereof.These compounds exhibit inhibitory activity on angiotensin converting enzyme and so forth, and are of value as an agent for diagnosis, prevention and treatment of circulatory diseases, such as hypertension, cardiopathy and cerebral apoploxy.

Abstract: An optically active or inactive .beta.-formyl-.beta.-hydroxy ester of the formula (1), ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl, C.sub.3 -C.sub.10 alkenyl, C.sub.2 -C.sub.10 alkynyl, C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 aryl or C.sub.7 -C.sub.14 aralkyl group, R.sup.2 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl group and R.sup.3 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.10 alkyl group, and a method for producing the same which comprises reacting an optically active or inactive compound of the formula (2), ##STR2## wherein A represents a C.sub.6 -C.sub.14 aryl group and R.sup.1 is as defined above, with an .alpha.-halo ester of the formula (3), ##STR3## wherein X represents a halogen atom and R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 are as defined above, in the presence of zinc, followed by hydrolysis, or reacting an ester of the formula (4),R.sup.3 CH.sub.2 COOR.sup.2 (4)wherein R.sup.2 and R.sup.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid or an ester thereof having at least two carbon atoms more than formic acid is prepared by reacting at elevated temperature e.g. 100.degree. to 250.degree. C. formic acid or a formate ester with an olefin e.g. ethylene in the presence of, as catalyst, a Group VIII noble metal e.g. iridium, preferably promoted by iodide, to cause addition of the formic acid or ester to the olefin and form the a higher acid e.g. propionic acid or ester thereof.A strong acid such as a sulphonic acid may be used as a copromoter. The catalyst is employed in solution.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids having two or more carbon atoms than formic acid, or esters of such carboxylic acids are prepared by reacting either formic acid or an ester of formic acid with an olefin at elevated temperature in the presence of a Group VIB metal catalyst. The Group VIB metal which is chromium, molybdenum or tungsten is suitably added as a carbonyl or carbonyl halide. In addition to the catalyst a halide promoter and a phosphorus containing copromoter may optionally be added. The process can be used, for example to prepare propionic acid or a propionic acid ester from ethylene and either formic acid of an ester of formic acid.

Abstract: A process is described for the preparation of an alkali metal formyl acetic acid alkyl ester by reaction of acetic acid alkyl ester, an alkali-metal alcoholate and carbon monoxide at elevated pressure and elevated temperature, the improvement wherein an excess of acetic acid alkyl ester referred to the alkali-metal alcoholate is employed and the reaction is carried out in the absence of a solvent.

Abstract: High purity alkyl glyoxylate is produced from complex mixtures containing alkyl glyoxylate, alkyl glycolate, water, alcohol and miscellaneous impurities. High purity alkyl glyoxylate is useful in the synthesis of alkyl glyoxylate polymers.

Abstract: A novel alkyl 4-methyl-3-formyl-penten-1-oate of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms and the dotted lines represent a double bond in the 3,4 or 4,5-position and their preparation and novel intermediates therefore and a novel process for the preparation of 4-methyl-3-formyl-pent-3-en-1-oic acid which is an intermediate for the preparation of compounds of the formula ##STR2## wherein R.sub.3 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and the residue of an alcohol R.sub.3 OH by the process of European Patent Application Ser. No. 0023849 published Feb. 11, 1981, which are used to prepare very active insecticidal esters.

Abstract: Novel 4-methyl-3-formyl-pentanoic acid derivative of the formula ##STR1## wherein Hal is a halogen, R.sub.1 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms and A and B are .dbd.0 or A is halogen and B is --OR.sub.2 and R.sub.2 is alkyl of 1 to 12 carbon atoms, their preparation and their use as intermediates.

Abstract: A synthetic route to ascorbic acid is provided in which a 3,5:4,6-protected derivative of gulonic acid is prepared from gulono-1,4-lactone. Oxidation of the derivative and hydrolysis of the resulting product affords 2-ketogulonic acid or ester thereof which can be readily converted to ascorbic acid by known methods.

Abstract: Fluorinated carbonyl compounds are prepared by contacting a fluorinated methyl or ethyl ether containing at least one methoxylated carbon atom-containing group selected from: --CF.sub.2 OR.sup.3, .dbd.CFOR.sup.3, ##STR1## wherein R.sup.3 is CH.sub.3 or C.sub.2 H.sub.5, with a catalyst selected from:SbX.sub.5, TaX.sub.5, NbX.sub.5, AsX.sub.5, BiX.sub.5, TiX.sub.4, ZrX.sub.4, HfX.sub.4, FeX.sub.3,mixtures of SbX.sub.3 and SbX.sub.5, ZM'X'.sub.6, and mixtures of ZM'X'.sub.6 and M'X.sub.5 where X, independently, is F, Cl, Br or I, X' is F or Cl; and Z is H, NO, O.sub.2, alkali metal or NY.sub.4 where Y, independently, is H or alkyl of 1 to 6 carbon atoms, and M' is Sb or As at a temperature of -20.degree. to 200.degree. C.

Abstract: Processes for producing a (1.alpha., 4.alpha., 5.alpha.)-6,6-dimethyl-4-halo-substituted-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan- 2-one and its novel intermediates from known and inexpensive starting materials are described and exemplified. The halomethyl bicyclic lactone is a useful intermediate for the preparation of insecticidal cis-3-(2,2-dihaloethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylates or cis-3-(2-halo-2-trihalomethylethenyl)-2,2-dimethylcyclopropanecarboxylates .

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the manufacture of glyoxylic acid esters by catalytic dehydrogenation of glycolic acid esters in the gaseous phase.

Abstract: In the carbonylation of olefinic compounds in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl catalyst, the addition to the reaction system of a secondary phosphine oxide represented by the general formula ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 are the same or different and each is substituted or unsubstituted hydrocarbon residue having not more than about 20 carbon atoms, in an amount of 0.2 to 20 moles per gram atom of the cobalt makes it possible to separate the reaction product from the reaction mixture by direct distillation without any such special operation for the catalyst separation as required in the conventional processes. The distillation residue which contains the catalyst can be recycled for the reuse thereof in the carbonylation.

Abstract: Monoesters of symmetrical dicarboxylic acids and symmetrical diols are prepared in high yield by reacting a diacid or a diol with a monohydric alcohol or monocarboxylic acid, respectively, in an aqueous solution. The resultant monoester is removed from the aqueous solution immediately after its formation by continuous extraction with a nonpolar solvent.

Abstract: Novel, transient prodrug forms of dopa and dopamine have (i) the structural formula (I): ##STR1## wherein each R is independently selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, R.sup.3 -CO- and ##STR2## wherein X is O, S or NR.sup.6 ; R.sup.1 is hydrogen or --COOR.sup.8 ; R.sup.2 is hydrogen or OR; R.sup.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the preparation of optically active aldehydes by the asymmetric catalytic hydroformylation of olefins. The process comprises the hydroformylation of olefinically unsaturated prochiral compounds in the presence of an optically active coordination compound containing a metal which is selected from the group consisting of rhodium, iridium, and cobalt.This invention describes a generalized process for the asymmetric hydroformylation of a wide variety of olefins in which a preponderance of one optical isomer is produced. It is especially useful for the preparation of natural products which may require the presence of only one optical isomer for their utilization, for example, as flavors, fragrances, and medications.The catalyst systems for the process of this invention are formed in the presence of carbon monoxide and hydrogen, from coordination compounds consisting of a central metal atom, rhodium, iridium, or cobalt, and at least one optically active ligand, e.g.

Abstract: A method for the total synthesis of (1RS,4SR,5RS)-4-(4,8-dimethyl-5-hydroxy-7-nonenyl)-4-methyl-3,8-dioxabicyc lo [3.2.1] octane-1-acetic acid is described. The compound is active as a utero-evacuant agent.

Abstract: Processes for producing a (1.alpha., 4.alpha., 5.alpha.)-6,6-dimethyl-4-halo-substituted-methyl-3-oxabicyclo[3.1.0]hexan- 2-one and its novel intermediates from known and inexpensive starting materials are described and exemplified.

Abstract: This invention consists of a process for preparing bifunctional aliphatic organic compounds of at least 6 carbon atoms, wherein a cycloaliphatic oxyhydroperoxide is reacted with an alpha-olefine having its double bond activated by a conjugate electron-attracting group, in the presence of a bivalent Cr salt, a bivalent V salt or a trivalent Ti salt.

Abstract: The present specification provides novel intermediates and novel processes for the synthesis of various side chain and skeletal analogs of Thromboxane B.sub.2 (11.beta.-homo-11.alpha.-oxa-PGF.sub..alpha.). These analogs are particularly and especially useful as reproductive cycle control agents.

Abstract: The present specification provides novel intermediates and novel processes for the synthesis of various side chain and skeletal analogs of Thromboxane B.sub.2 (11.beta.-homo-11a-oxa-PGF.sub.2.alpha.). These analogs are particularly and especially useful as reproductive cycle control agents.

Abstract: The invention provides 3-(2-formyl-3-hydroxy-5-oxocyclopent-1-enyl)-p ropanoic acid and derivatives thereof having anti-thrombotic activity coupled with low toxicity. Also provided is a method for preparing such compounds by subjecting a 3-[3-hydroxy-5-oxo-2-(.beta.-styryl)cyclopent-1-enyl]-propanoic acid or derivative thereof to oxidative cleavage.

Abstract: This invention relates to 11,12-secoprostaglandins and processes for their manufacture. These compounds have prostaglandin-like biological activity and are particularly useful as renal vasodilators, for the treatment of hypertension, for the prevention of thrombus formation, in preventing gastric secretion, and as regulators of the immune response.

Abstract: Novel 5-thiazole alkanols of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is alkyl of 1 to 5 carbon atoms, n is an integer from 2 to 7 and R.sub.1 is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen and acyl of an alkanoic acid of 2 to 6 carbon atoms and their non-toxic, pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts having a marked antilipolytic activity and useful as intermediates and their preparation.