Abstract: Systems, devices, and methods for using an intraluminal sensing device are provided. The intraluminal sensing device may include a ferrous element disposed at a distal portion of an elongate flexible member configured to be placed in a body lumen of a patient. An external electromagnetic field device may be used to produce an electromagnetic field that may be used to direct the movement of the flexible elongate member within the body lumen.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new chemical synthesis, intermediates and catalysts useful for the preparation of the neprilysin (NEP) inhibitor sacubitril. It further relates to new intermediate compounds and their use for said new chemical synthesis route.

Abstract: Compositions that include at least one low molecular weight to oxygen containing solvent and one or more compounds of formula (I) wherein R is a C1-C6 alkyl; X is a C1-C10 alkyl and n is an integer from 0 to 5. Methods of removing polymeric material containing heteroatoms from a surface by contacting the surface with such compositions and wiping the composition at least some portion of the polymeric material from the surface.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new chemical synthesis, intermediates and catalysts useful for the preparation of the neprilysin (NEP) inhibitor sacubitril. It further relates to new intermediate compounds and their use for said new chemical synthesis route.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing farnesyl acetone.

Abstract: The invention provides processes for the conversion of pyruvate obtained from sugars or other carbon sources, to valuable C5 materials such as levulinic acid, levulinate esters, valerolactone, and derivatives thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing at least one ester of levulinic acid from a biomass includes steps of impregnating the biomass by an organic or inorganic acid, and putting the acidified biomass in contact with a supercritical fluid including at least one olefin.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of 4-alkanoyloxy-2-methylbutanoic acid, as well as to the use of such compounds in organic syntheses, especially in processes forming intermediates (building blocks) for the synthesis of organic compounds comprising isoprene (isoterpene) units, such as ?-carotene or other carotenoids (e.g. canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin or astaxanthin) or as vitamin E or vitamin A as well as other structurally similar compounds.

Abstract: A direct acid catalyzed intermolecular electrocyclic rearrangement process for the preparation of linear and cyclic homoallylic ester and amides. A one step intermolecular electrocyclic rearrangement process includes the step of reacting a beta, gamma-unsaturated aldehyde or ketone, in which the beta, gamma-unsaturation is not part of an aromatic ring, with another aldehyde or a secondary aldimine in the presence of an acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of converting carbohydrates into levulinic acid, a platform chemical for many chemical end products. More specifically the invention relates to a method for converting carbohydrates such as mono-, di- or polysaccharides, obtained from for example biomass production into a suitable levulinic acid ester in the presence of a zeolite or zeotype catalyst and a suitable alcohol, and the ester may be further converted into levulinic acid if desired.

Abstract: Methods of forming liquid hydrocarbons through thermal deoxygenation of cellulosic compounds are disclosed. Aspects cover methods including the steps of mixing a levulinic acid salt-containing feedstock with a formic acid salt, exposing the mixture to a high temperature condition to form hydrocarbon vapor, and condensing the hydrocarbon vapor to form liquid hydrocarbons, where both the formic acid salt and the levulinic acid salt-containing feedstock decompose at the high temperature condition and wherein one or more of the mixing, exposing, and condensing steps is carried out a pressure between about vacuum and about 10 bar.

Abstract: The present invention provides a melanin production inhibitor containing a compound having a (2-isopropyl-5-methyl)cyclohexyl group or a (2-isopropenyl-5-methyl)cyclohexyl group.

Abstract: Methods and compositions containing a phorbol ester or a derivative of a phorbol ester are provided for the treatment and prevention of stroke and the sequelae of stroke. Additional compositions and methods are provided which employ a phorbol ester or derivative compound in combination with at least one additional agent to yield more effective treatment tools to treat or prevent stroke and the long term effects of stroke in mammalian subjects.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for the preparation of tert-butyl 6-chloro-3,5-dioxohexanoate from Meldrum's acid derivative and its use for the preparation of tert-butyl (4R,6S)-(6-hydroxymethyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-dioxan-4-yl)acetate (BHA), Rosuvastatin and Atorvastatin.

Abstract: Carbohydrates as derived from plant biomass can be converted into mono-alcohols, diols, and/or bi-functional alcohols or into carboxylic acid derivatives. By catalytic transesterification of such carbohydrate derivatives, ester-type diesel-fuel blendstock components may be produced. More specifically, alkyl levulinates are catalytically trans-esterified with hydroxyl-functionalized compounds where both the alcohols and the alkyl levulinates are derived from biomass carbohydrates. Esters produced in this way show physicochemical characteristics that make them suitable for use as diesel fuel blendstock.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of formula (II) wherein R1 is CF3, CF2H or CFH2, and R2 and R3 are both independently C1-C6 alkyl, comprising a) reacting compounds of formula (IV), (V) and (VI) wherein R3 is as defined for the compound of formula (II), R4OM (V) wherein M is a lithium, sodium or potassium ion and R4 is C1-C6 alkyl, and (VI) wherein R1 is as defined for the compound of formula (II) and R5 is CrC6 alkyl, to form an enolate of formula (VII) wherein M is as defined for the compound of formula V and R1 and R3 are defined for the compound of formula (II), b) releasing the compound of formula (VIII) wherein R1 and R3 are as defined for the compound of formula (II), from the enolate of formula (VII) by means of an acid, and c) converting the compound of formula (VIII), in the presence of the salt formed from cation M and the anion of the acid in step b), to a compound of formula (II).

Abstract: A method for preparing a pyruvate ester is disclosed. In the method of the present invention, a lactate ester is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a Ti—Si molecular sieve catalyst. In the present invention, the Ti—Si molecular sieve catalyst is easily filtered and recycled, the reaction conditions are mild due to the usage of hydrogen peroxide, the process is simple and easily performed, the conversion rate of the lactate ester is high, and the selectivity of the pyruvate ester is high.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a novel and economically advantageous process for preparation of compounds of Formula I, such as alkyl 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ester. The process includes acidification of the sodium enolate of alkyl difluoroacetoacetate by carbonic acid generated in situ by reacting carbon dioxide with water. The disclosure also includes promoting the ring closure reaction in which alkyl 2-alkomethylene-4,4-difluoro-3-oxobutyrate is reacted with methylhydrazine in two phase system with a weak base such as Na2CO3 or K2CO3.

Abstract: The present invention provides methylene beta-ketoester monomers, methods for producing the same, and compositions and products formed therefrom. In the method for producing the methylene beta-ketoesters of the invention, a beta-ketoester is reacted with a source of formaldehyde in a modified Knoevenagel reaction optionally in the presence of an acidic or basic catalyst, and optionally in the presence of an acidic or non-acidic solvent, to form reaction complex. The reaction complex may be an oligomeric complex. The reaction complex is subjected to further processing, which may be vaporization by contact with an energy transfer means in order to isolate the beta-ketoester monomer. The present invention further compositions and products formed from methylene beta-ketoester monomers of the invention, including monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for preparing 7-halo-2-oxoheptylate, an intermediate of cilastatin. The main steps are as follows: A. Addition reaction, in which 6-halo-hexanal is reacted with a cyanide to obtain 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptonitrile; B. Hydrolysis reaction, in which 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptonitrile is converted to 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptylic acid; C. Esterification reaction, in which 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptylic acid is converted to 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptylate; and D. Oxidation reaction, in which 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptylate is converted to 7-halo-2-oxoheptylate. 7-halo-?-hydroxyl-heptylic acid or ester thereof, which is a new intermediate for synthesizing 7-halo-2-oxoheptylate or cilastatin, and a method for synthesizing cilastatin are also disclosed. The methods of the invention are suitable for commercial production because of their simple process and mild reaction condition.

Abstract: Substituted 3-oxopentanoates are disclosed that correspond to the following formula 1: in which R is hydrogen, or a methyl group; X is a straight-chain, branched, or cyclic alkyl or alkyl ether group having from 1 to 15 carbon atoms or aromatic group having from 6 to 15 carbon atoms; and Y1 and Y2 are independently hydrogen or an alkyl having 1 to 2 carbon atoms. Also disclosed are emulsion polymers, suspension polymers, and solution polymers that comprise residues from the substituted 3-oxopentanoate monomers, and that may also include one or more additional ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Also disclosed are coating compositions that include a latex emulsion polymer and the substituted 3-oxopentanoate monomer of formula 1 provided as a coalescent.

Abstract: Acetoacetate-functional monomers are disclosed that correspond to the following formula 1: in which R is hydrogen, or a methylgroup; X is a branched alkyl or a branched cyclic alkyl having from 5 to 8 carbon atoms; and Y1 and Y2 are independently hydrogen or methyl. Also disclosed are emulsion, suspension, and solution polymers comprising residues from the acetoacetate-functional monomer of formula 1 and one or more additional ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Self-curing coating compositions are likewise disclosed that comprise the acetoacetate-functional monomer of formula 1, and optionally one or more additional ethylenically unsaturated monomers. Latex formulations are also disclosed that comprise a polymer having residues from the acetoacetate-functional monomer of formula 1 dispersed in an evaporable aqueous carrier.

Abstract: The present disclosure provides a novel and economically advantageous process for preparation of compounds of Formula I, such as alkyl 3-difluoromethyl-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-carboxylic acid ester. The process includes acidification of the sodium enolate of alkyl difluoroacetoacetate by carbonic acid generated in situ by reacting carbon dioxide with water. The disclosure also includes promoting the ring closure reaction in which alkyl 2-alkomethylene-4,4-difluoro-3-oxobutyrate is reacted with methylhydrazine in two phase system with a weak base such as Na2CO3 or K2CO3.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method of preparing a petroleum-alternative bio fuel material such as 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF), 5-alkoxymethyl-2-furfural, levulinic acid alkil ester, etc. through a single process without saccharification, using a catalyst conversion reaction, from galactan that can be massively supplied at low costs and extracted from macroalgae of marine reusable resources. Thus, the macroalgae of the marine biomass resources is used so that a carbon source can be more easily extracted than that of a lignocellulosic biomass resource without a problem of having an effect on grain price like a crop-based biomass.

Abstract: The present invention provides synthetic routes for preparing various isomers of cyclohexane-based coolants, such as menthyl esters and menthanecarboxamide derivatives, in particular those substituted at the amide nitrogen, for example with an aromatic ring or aryl moiety. Such structures have high cooling potency and long lasting sensory effect, which make them useful in a wide variety of consumer products. One synthetic route involves a copper catalyzed coupling of a primary menthanecarboxamide with an aryl halide, such reaction working best in the presence of potassium phosphate and water. Using this synthetic route, specific isomers can be prepared including the menthanecarboxamide isomer having the same configuration as l-menthol and new isomers such as a neoisomer having opposite stereochemistry at the carboxamide (C-1) position. The neoisomer unexpectedly has potent and long lasting cooling effect.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a new degreasing composition comprising at least one levulinic acid ester according to general formula (I) CH3CO(CH2)2COOR1 (I) in which R1 is a linear or branched, saturated or unsaturated, aliphatic or aromatic, hydrocarbon radical having 2 to 56 carbon atoms, wherein said hydrocarbon radical is optionally hydroxysubstituted. The present invention also relates to a process for degreasing a metal surface comprising the step of contacting said metal surface with the composition of the present invention.

Abstract: The invention relates to process for the continuous production of 4-chloroacetoacetyl chloride, comprising the steps of (a) feeding diketene and chlorine into a thin film reactor and (b) reacting the diketene and chlorine to obtain 4-chloroacetoacetyl chloride. The invention also relates to a process for the production of 4-chloroacetoaceticacid ester, 4-chloroacetoaceticacid amide or 4-chloroacetoaceticacid imide from 4-chloroacetoacetyl chloride obtained according to the inventive process.

Abstract: A method for preparing a pyruvate ester is disclosed. In the method of the present invention, a lactate ester is oxidized by hydrogen peroxide in the presence of a Ti-Si molecular sieve catalyst. In the present invention, the Ti-Si molecular sieve catalyst is easily filtered and recycled, the reaction conditions are mild due to the usage of hydrogen peroxide, the process is simple and easily performed, the conversion rate of the lactate ester is high, and the selectivity of the pyruvate ester is high.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent compositions comprising an oxalate composition, an activator composition and a H2O2-decomposition catalyst. Another aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent compositions comprising an oxalate composition, an activator composition and a peroxyoxalate catalyst. Another aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent systems comprising a chemiluminescent composition disclosed herein, wherein the oxalate composition and the activator composition are stored separately until activation. Another aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent systems comprising a chemiluminescent composition disclosed herein, wherein the oxalate composition, the activator composition, the peroxyoxalate catalyst, and/or the H2O2-decomposition catalyst are stored separately until activation. Another aspect of the invention relates to methods for initiating the chemiluminescent compositions and/or the chemiluminescent systems disclosed herein.

Abstract: One aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent compositions comprising an oxalate composition, an activator composition and a H2O2-decomposition catalyst. Another aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent compositions comprising an oxalate composition, an activator composition and a peroxyoxalate catalyst. Another aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent systems comprising a chemiluminescent composition disclosed herein, wherein the oxalate composition and the activator composition are stored separately until activation. Another aspect of the invention relates to chemiluminescent systems comprising a chemiluminescent composition disclosed herein, wherein the oxalate composition, the activator composition, the peroxyoxalate catalyst, and/or the H2O2-decomposition catalyst are stored separately until activation. Another aspect of the invention relates to methods for initiating the chemiluminescent compositions and/or the chemiluminescent systems disclosed herein.

Abstract: The invention provides oleocanthal analogs and methods of using oleocanthals in various formulations including, food additives; pharmaceuticals; cosmetics; animal repellants; and discovery tools for mammalian irritation receptor genes, gene products, alleles, splice variants, alternate transcripts and the like.

Abstract: Ketocarboxylic acids such as levulinic acid can be efficiently purified in high yield by esterification with a hydrocarbon polyol to the corresponding polyketocarboxylic ester, which can be readily purified, for example recrystallized. After purification, the ketocarboxylic ester can be hydrolyzed to provide pure ketocarboxylic acid, or a salt thereof, after removal of the esterifying hydrocarbon polyol, or used for other synthetic transformations. Advantageously, the polyketocarboxylic esters, ketocarboxylic acids, and salts thereof produced by this method are obtained in high purity.

Abstract: Improved processes are described for making trialkyl esters and acylated trialkyl esters of carboxylic acids, as well as epoxidized trialkyl esters and acylated trialkyl carboxylate esters, such as are used in developing plasticized PVC compositions. In particular, processes are described for conducting the esterification and acylation steps involved in making the acylated trialkyl esters in a single vessel without an intermediate purification step, by means of a Lewis acid metal triflate catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to perfumes of general formula (A) It further relates to the use of the compounds of formula (A) for imparting or intensifying particular odor notes and/or particular odor impressions and a method of producing a perfume mixture or a perfumed product.

Abstract: The invention provides use of a photosensitiser, which is a derivative (e.g., an ester) of 5-aminolevulinic acid (5-ALA) or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, in the manufacture of a medicament for use in the prevention or treatment of acne.

Abstract: This invention concerns product and process to convert a hydroxyl group (bold in R3C—OH) in a tigliane-type compound to a hydrogen (bold in R3C—H) to obtain deoxytigliane-type compounds or structural or functional analogs thereof. The process has wide application particularly to produce specific biologically active compounds in quantity for use as pharmaceuticals. In particular the process can be used to convert phorbol to a 12-deoxytigliane (prostratin), which is a therapeutic lead for the treatment of AIDS. New compositions of matter are also disclosed.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to methods of preparation of compounds resulting from the reaction of levulinic esters and epoxidized unsaturated fatty acid esters. The compounds are useful as renewable biomass-based plasticizers for a variety of polymers. Mono-, di- and tri-ketal adducts formed in a reaction between alkyl esters of levulinate and epoxidized unsaturated fatty acid esters derived from vegetable oils are also disclosed.

Abstract: A positive resist composition comprising (A) a compound capable of generating an acid upon irradiation with an actinic ray or radiation, (B) a resin capable of increasing the solubility in an alkali developer by the action of an acid, and (C) a compound having a specific structure, which decomposes by the action of an acid to generate an acid, a pattern forming method using the positive resist composition, and a compound for use in the positive resist composition are provided as a positive resist composition exhibiting good performance in terms of pattern profile, line edge roughness, pattern collapse, sensitivity and resolution in normal exposure (dry exposure), immersion exposure and double exposure, a pattern forming method using the positive resist composition and a compound for use in the positive resist composition.

Abstract: Ketocarboxylic acids such as levulinic acid can be efficiently purified in high yield by esterification with a hydrocarbon polyol to the corresponding polyketocarboxylic ester, which can be readily purified, for example recrystallized. After purification, the ketocarboxylic ester can be hydrolyzed to provide pure ketocarboxylic acid, or a salt thereof, after removal of the esterifying hydrocarbon polyol, or used for other synthetic transformations. Advantageously, the polyketocarboxylic esters, ketocarboxylic acids, and salts thereof produced by this method are obtained in high purity.

Abstract: Provided herein are trisubstituted methyl alcohols, preferably pH indicators that are substituted with optionally substituted aryl and or optionally substituted heteroaryl groups, and optionally include one or more polymerizable substituents.

Abstract: Esters of 4-fluorosubstituted 3-oxo-alcanoic acids can be prepared by addition reaction of ketene with the respective acid chloride, subsequent esterification and hydrodechlorination. Preferred reaction products are esters of 4,4-difluoro-3-oxo-butanoic acid.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for producing a carboxylic acid ester, comprising a step of oxidizing an aldehyde by mixing an alcohol, carbon dioxide, the aldehyde and at least one compound selected from the group consisting of compounds represented by the formulae (2-1) and (2-2): wherein R2 represents an alkyl group optionally having a substituent or the like; R3 and R4 each independently represents an alkyl group optionally having a substituent or the like or R3 and R4 are linked together to form a divalent hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent or the like; Y represents a group of —S— or a group of —N(R5)—, wherein R5 represents an alkyl group optionally having a substituent or the like, or R5 is linked to R4 to form a divalent hydrocarbon group optionally having a substituent; and R8 represents an alkyl group.

Abstract: Methods for the production of dehydrated sugars and derivatives of dehydrated sugars using microwave (MW) irradiation and methods of purifying the same are described. The dehydrated sugars derivatives include 5-hydroxymethyl-2-furfural (HMF) and anhydrosugar alcohols such as sorbitans and isosorbide. The derivatives include HMF ethers, levulinic acid esters, and ether derivatives of the anhydrosugar alcohols. The described methods require lower reaction temperatures and shorter reaction times than similar non microwave mediated reactions known in the art. Typical reaction conditions are 120-210° C., and typical reaction times are 30 minutes or less.

Abstract: A method for utilizing agricultural biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from agricultural biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

Abstract: A method for utilizing woody biomass components, namely cellulose, hemicellose, and lignin, and converting them to value-added biobased chemical products is described herein. The present method provides treatments to obtain a plurality of component streams from woody biomass for producing derivative products while minimizing waste products.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound for counteracting amine-based malodor in consumer, industrial and textile products.

Abstract: The present invention provides a novel compound for counteracting amine-based malodor in consumer, industrial and textile products.

Abstract: Isolated compounds from adelostemma gracillimum refined fractions and compositions containing the compounds are provided by the present invention. Adelostemma gracillimum refined fractions and the extraction process thereof are also provided by the present invention. The uses of the compounds and the adelostemma gracillimum refined fractions for inhibiting the activities of NMDA receptor or amyloid-beta peptide, for improving memory, and for treating neurodegenerative diseases, neuropathological conditions or epilepsy are further provided by the present invention.

Abstract: Described is a catalytic process for converting biomass to furan derivatives (e.g., furfural, furfuryl alcohol, etc.) using a biphasic reactor containing a reactive aqueous phase and an organic extracting phase containing an alkylphenol. The process provides a cost-effective route for producing furfural, furfuryl alcohol, levulinic acid hydroxymethylfurfural, ?-valerolactone, and the like. The products formed are useful as value-added intermediates to produce polymers, as precursors to diesel fuel, and as fuel additives.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing a compound of formula (II) wherein R1 is CF3, CF2H or CFH2, and R2 and R3 are both independently C1-C6 alkyl, comprising a) reacting compounds of formula (IV), (V) and (VI) wherein R3 is as defined for the compound of formula (II), R4OM (V) wherein M is a lithium, sodium or potassium ion and R4 is C1-C6 alkyl, and (VI) wherein R1 is as defined for the compound of formula (II) and R5 is CrC6 alkyl, to form an enolate of formula (VII) wherein M is as defined for the compound of formula V and R1 and R3 are defined for the compound of formula (II), b) releasing the compound of formula (VIII) wherein R1 and R3 are as defined for the compound of formula (II), from the enolate of formula (VII) by means of an acid, and c) converting the compound of formula (VIII), in the presence of the salt formed from cation M and the anion of the acid in step b), to a compound of formula (II).