Abstract: A method for preparing a polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether carbonyl compound and/or methyl methoxyacetate as intermediates for producing ethylene glycol, which comprises passing a raw material: polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether or methylal together with carbon monoxide and hydrogen gas through a reactor carrying an acidic molecular sieve catalyst, and performing a reaction to prepare a corresponding product under an appropriate condition where no other solvent is added, in which the process of the reaction is a gas-liquid-solid three-phase reaction, the raw material of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether or methylal has a high conversion rate, each product has a high selectivity, the catalyst has a long service life, additional solvents are not required to be used, and reaction conditions are relatively mild.

Abstract: The presently disclosed subject matter is directed to novel compounds of Formula I, Formula II, and Formula III, and stereoisomers thereof, and flavor compositions comprising the novel compounds.

Abstract: The present invention describes a method for production of a class of renewable specialty chemicals that may be used for a variety of purposes including as a solvent in the semiconductor industry and as a reagent for commercial chemical production. The precursor compound, PHA, can be produced using various feedstocks such as waste water treatment plant biosolids, distiller's grains and agricultural residual biomass (e.g., corn stover and rice straw). The production of specialty chemicals in tandem with energy production can serve to aid the overall economics of renewable feedstock energy production.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of efficiently producing branched, cyclic glycerol-based polymer surface active products having ester and alkyl functional groups with a co-product as anti-biodegrading agent from inexpensive readily available glycerol monomer. The method involves polymerizing glycerol or glycerol with at least another monomer to multiple other monomers in the presence of particular amount of a strong base as the catalyst under a particular distillation environment. The polyol then undergoes esterification, alkylation and crosslinking in presence of particular amount of a catalyst under a particular low activity atmospheric environment. The glycerol-based polymer surface active products produced by the inventive method are beneficial for reducing lignin, extractives and rejects levels in pulping process of papermaking industry.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) in the form of a mixture of predominantly one diastereomer or in the form of pure diastereomers, Z1-Q-P*R0R1??(I), wherein: Z1 is a C-bonded, secondary phosphine group of the formula —P(R)2, wherein R is a hydrocarbon radical or O-atom(s)-containing heterohydrocarbon radical having 1 to 18 carbon atoms and optionally substituted by C1-C6-alkyl, trifluoromethyl, C1-C6-alkoxy, trifluoromethoxy, (C1-C4-alkyl)2-amino, (C6H5)3Si, (C1-C12-alkyl)3Si or halogen; Q is selected from the group consisting of: (i) an optionally substituted achiral aromatic group, wherein the achiral aromatic group is bonded directly to Z1 through a carbon atom of the achiral aromatic group and bonded directly to P*R0R1 through a carbon atom of the achiral aromatic group, and (ii) an optionally substituted C1-C4-alkylene group; P* is a chiral phosphorus atom; R0 is methyl; and R1 is a C-bonded optically enriched or optically pure chiral, mono- or polycyclic, nonaromatic hydrocarbon ring; and prepar

Abstract: The present invention relates to perfumes of general formula (A) It further relates to the use of the compounds of formula (A) for imparting or intensifying particular odor notes and/or particular odor impressions and a method of producing a perfume mixture or a perfumed product.

Abstract: Fatty acid conjugates of salicylate derivatives and compositions thereof are disclosed. Further disclosed are methods for treating various diseases comprising the administration of an effective amount of at least one compound according to the present disclosure.

Abstract: Problem To provide an environmentally-friendly method for producing industrially an ester compound. Solution The present invention is a method for producing an ester compound which comprises subjecting a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to dehydration-condensation reaction using an involatile acid catalyst and then removing the residual acid catalyst by bringing a weak basic substance into contact with the residual acid catalyst.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of efficiently producing branched, cyclic glycerol-based polymer surface active products having ester and alkyl functional groups with a co-product as anti-biodegrading agent from inexpensive readily available glycerol monomer. The method involves polymerizing glycerol or glycerol with at least another monomer to multiple other monomers in the presence of particular amount of a strong base as the catalyst under a particular distillation environment. The polyol then undergoes esterification, alkylation and crosslinking in presence of particular amount of a catalyst under a particular low activity atmospheric environment. The glycerol-based polymer surface active products produced by the inventive method are beneficial for reducing lignin, extractives and rejects levels in pulping process of papermaking industry.

Abstract: Fluorescing gel formulations are disclosed for monitoring cleaning of a surface. The fluorescing gel formulations are stable, fluoresce under UV light, and do not leave a mark after drying and removal. The compositions include an oppositely charged complexing agent which is used in combination with an anionic or cationic optical brightener. In some embodiments, the compositions include a cationic optical brightener with no complexing agent.

Abstract: Ring opening products of epoxides with fatty acid methyl esters with alkanols or water are eminently suitable as viscosity adjusters (reducers) for high-viscosity polyols.

Abstract: The present invention is related to substituted butanol derivatives of the formula: wherein R is an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 straight chain alkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 branched chain alkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 straight chain alkenyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 branched chain alkenyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C3-6 cycloalkyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkoxy, nitrile, halo, amino, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylamino, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 dialkylamino, carboxy-C1-6 alkylamino, carboxy-C1-6 dialkylamino, an unsubstituted or substituted acetoxy, carboxy, an unsubstituted or substituted carboxyethyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylcarbonyl, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylcarboxy, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylthio, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkyloxy, carboxamido, an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 alkylcarboxamido or an unsubstituted or substituted C1-6 dialkylcarboxa

Abstract: PROBLEM To provide an environmentally-friendly method for producing industrially an ester compound. SOLUTION The present invention is a method for producing an ester compound which comprises subjecting a carboxylic acid and an alcohol to dehydration-condensation reaction using an involatile acid catalyst and then removing the residual acid catalyst by bringing a weak basic substance into contact with the residual acid catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of aminoazoline and urea derivatives for com-bating animal pests. The invention also relates to a method for controlling animal pests by using these compounds, to seed and to an agricultural and veterinary composition comprising said compounds and to specific azoline and urea derivatives.

Abstract: An electrolyte compound has the formula where p is an integer from 1 to 3 inclusive; and Yp+ is a metal ion, onium species, or proton; j is an integer value between 0 and 4 inclusive; k is an integer between 1 and 3 inclusive; and the sum 2k and j equals 6; Z is independently in each occurrence CR1R2 or C(O); R1 and R2 are independently in each occurrence H, F or CH3. A process for preparing an oxyfluorophosphate is also provided.

Abstract: A process produces a 2-benzoyloxyacetaldehyde derivative represented by following Formula (3): wherein R1 and R2 may be the same as or different from each other and are each a hydrocarbon group, wherein R1 and R2 may be combined to form a ring with the adjacent oxygen-carbon-oxygen bond, and wherein the benzene ring in the formula may be substituted, by allowing a halogenated acetaldehyde acetal derivative represented by following Formula (1): wherein R1 and R2 are as defined above; and X represents a halogen atom, to react with a benzoate represented by following Formula (2): wherein M represents an alkali metal atom and wherein the benzene ring in the formula may be substituted, in the presence of an alkali-metal halide.

Abstract: The invention includes compounds represented by Formula (1): wherein R represents hydrogen or methyl; A represents alkylene having from 1 to 12 carbon atoms, wherein in the alkylene, arbitrary —CH2— may be replaced by —O—, —S—, —CH?CH—, —CO—, —COO— or —OCO—; X and Y each independently represent an aromatic ring or a cyclohexane ring, wherein in the rings, arbitrary hydrogen may be replaced by alkyl having from 1 to 3 carbon atoms; Z independently represents a single bond, —O—, —S—, —COO—, —OCO—, —CON(R1)— or —N(R1)CO—, wherein R1 represents hydrogen or methyl; and m represents an integer of from 0 to 3.

Abstract: Indanyl- and Tetrahydronaphtyl-amino-thiourea compounds for combating animal pests The present invention relates to Indanyl- and Tetrahydronaphtyl-amino-thiourea compounds of formula I wherein the variables R1 to R4 are as in the description. The invention relates also to methods of combating or controlling insects, arachnids or nematodes, to methods for protecting growing plants from attack or infestation by insects, arachnids or nematodes, to methods for the protection of seeds from soil insects and of the seedlings' roots and shoots from soil and foliar insects and to methods for treating, controlling, preventing or protecting animals against infestation or infection.

Abstract: The present invention provides compositions and methods for administering florfenicol to mammals. The compositions contain a prodrug of florfenicol in a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. In one embodiment the prodrug is an esterized form of florfenicol. Examples of suitable prodrugs include one or a combination of one or a combination of the following: florfenicol acetate, florfenicol propionate, florfenicol butyrate, florfenicol pentanoate, florfenicol hexanoate, florfenicol heptanoate, florfenicol octanoate, florfenicol nanoate, florfenicol decanoate, florfenicol undecanoate, florfenicol dodecanoate, and florfenicol phthalate. In another embodiment the prodrug is converted into the florfenicol in vivo by the action of one or more endogenous esterases. The invention also provides new compounds, pharmaceutical compositions containing the compounds, and methods for their administration.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of formula (I): wherein R is —C(O)CH2OCH2CH2OCH3 or —C(O)CH2N(CH3)2. The invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising a compound formula (I) and methods of treating or preventing a condition in an animal comprising administering to an animal in need thereof a compound of formula (I).

Abstract: A process for producing a fluorine-containing acrylic acid ester represented by CH2?C(Rf)(COOR) characterized in that 1-bromo-1-perfluoroalkylethene represented by CH2?CBr—Rf, or 1,2-dibromo-1-perfluoroalkylethane represented by CH2CBr—CHBr—Rf is allowed to react with an alcohol represented by ROH in the presence of a palladium catalyst, carbon monoxide, and two or more kinds of bases. The fluorine-containing acrylic acid ester is a useful compound having wide applications in materials for pharmaceuticals and functional polymers.

Abstract: Provided herein are catalysts useful in enabling and promoting the insertion of alkylene oxides into ester linkages. The esters employed as a substrate to be alkoxylated include esters of fatty acids, such as methyl esters of C14 to C22 fatty acids, and mono-, di-, and tri-esters of glycerine, including vegetable oils, animal fats, and plant oils. A catalyst according to the invention includes at least two alkaline earth compounds, which may include any known stable compounds of the alkaline earths, and optionally contains one or more additional materials such as a carboxylic acid or a polyalkylene glycol having a molecular weight between about 100 and 1500 or a C1-C10 alkyl-capped polyalkylene glycol having molecular weight between about 100 and 1500, which has been acidified with a strong mineral acid. The preferred alkaline earths employed are salts and compounds of magnesium and calcium.

Abstract: Process for carboxy-alkylation, particularly carboxymethylation, of branched alcohols includes the reaction of isoalcohols with potassium-t-butoxide or sodium-t-butoxide and with salt of halogenated alkanoic acid in the presence of the isoalcohol (starting alcohol) as the solvent. Produced are isoalcohol carboxy-alkylates (preferably, carboxymethylates) in excellent yields and purity.

Abstract: A polymerizable polyoxyalkylene monoalkyl ether derivative prepared by using a polyoxyalklene monoalkyl ether which gives, in gel permeation chromatography, a chromatogram which satisfies a relation expressed by an equation: S1/S0?0.

Abstract: A method for producing alcoxylated carbonyl compounds of general formula (I) (compounds I): R1aR2C(OR3)b wherein R1, R2 represent hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, R3 independently means C1-C6-alkyl, a is 0 or 1, b 2 or 3 with the proviso that the sum of a and b is 3, by means of anodic oxidation of germinal dialcoxy compounds of general formula (II) (compounds II) wherein R4, R5, R6, R7 represent hydrogen or C1-C6-alkyl, R5, R6 represent C1-C6-alkyl or C1-C6-alcoxy, in the presence of a C1-C6-alkyl alcohol (compounds III). A usual compound (compound IV) is used as a cathodic depolarizer suitable for electrochemical oxidation. The anodic oxidation and cathodic reduction is carried out in an undivided electrolyte cell in the presence of C1-C6-alkyl alcohols.

Abstract: A method for preparing a polyol useful in the formation of an isocyanate casting resin or coating composition is presented involving the reaction of an essentially C18 fatty acid mixture with a monofunctional alcohol to form a fatty acid ester mixture, forming a epoxidized fatty acid ester mixture from the fatty acid ester mixture, and reacting the epoxidized mixture with an aliphatic alcohol to form a polyol. The polyol can be further reacted with an isocyanate to form a casting resin or coating composition. The fatty acid mixture contains at least 80 percent oleic acid. Polyols prepared by this method provide good color quality and improved color stability during storage when used in the production of isocyanate casting resins and coating compositions.

Abstract: A process for preparing malonic diesters by carbonylation of haloacetic esters and reaction with monohydric alcohols and a base in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, preferably a catalytic cobalt carbonyl complex, using a stirred reactor with one or more internal heat exchangers. The stirred reactor preferably contains a sparging stirrer.

Abstract: A high yield process for the production of methyl methacrylate or methacrylic acid and an apparatus for increasing the yield in a process for the production of methyl methacrylate or methacrylic acid are disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing 2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienal monoacetals of the general formula I which comprises a) condensing an ester phosphonium salt of the general formula II or an ester phosphonate of the general formula III with an aldehyde of the formula IV in a Wittig or Wittig-Horner reaction to give an acetal ester of the general formula V b) reducing the ester of the formula V to give an acetal alcohol of the general formula VI and c) oxidizing the alcohol to 2,7-dimethyl-2,4,6-octatrienal monoacetals of the general formula I, where the substituents have the meaning defined in the description.

Abstract: A single-stage method for producing &agr;-hydroxy ethers by oxidizing olefinic substrates with organic hydroperoxides and opening the resultant oxirane ring by means of monovalent or polyvalent alcohols wherein a molybdenum compound in combination with a compound selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride, aluminum oxides, 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene or 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane, and mixtures thereof is used as a catalyst system.

Abstract: Optically active &agr;-hydroxyethers are prepared from prochiral &agr;-ketoethers by heterogeneous hydrogenation using platinum catalysts in the presence of a chiral nitrogen base in high chemical and optical yields, since this type of hydrogenation selectively hydrogenates only one diastereomer virtually to completion. The yields may be substantially increased by adding a solid, strong base which has a racemizing effect on the non-hydrogenatable diasteromer.

Abstract: A high yield process for the production of methyl methacrylate or methacrylic acid and an apparatus for increasing the yield in a process for the production of methyl methacrylate or methacrylic acid are disclosed.

Abstract: Compounds of the formula (I) R1—A—Z1  (I) in which: R1 is an alkyl radical having 1 to 8 carbon atoms or an alkenyl radical having 2 to 8 carbon atoms, where, in each case, one (nonterminal) —CH2— group may also be replaced by —O— or —C(═O)O— and/or one or more H may be replaced by F A is phenanthrene-2,7-diyl or 9,10-dihydrophenanthrene-2,7-diyl Z1 is F, OCHxF3−x or CHxF3−x, where, in each case, x is 0, 1 or 2, OC2HzF5−z or C2HzF5−z, where, in each case, z is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, CH═CF2 or Cl, with the proviso that 2-fluoro-7-methoxy-phenanthrene is excluded.

Abstract: This invention encompasses a process for making a compound of Formula A These compounds are intermediates useful in the preparation of certain non-steroidal anti-inflammnatory agents.

Abstract: Polyols which can be obtained by making epoxidized fatty acid esters of monofunctional C 1-8 alcohols react with aliphatic alcohols having a functionality ranging from 2-10. Fatty acid mixtures with mainly 18 carbon atoms represent the fatty acid component in the epoxidized fatty acid esters. The oleic acid content of the fatty acid mixtures is at least 80 wt %. The polyols are suitable for use in the production of isocyanate casting resins and coating compounds with enhanced colour stability.

Abstract: A polyoxyalkylene monoalkyl ether which gives, in gel permeation chromatography, a chromatogram which satisfies a relation expressed by an equation: S1/S0≦0.

Abstract: The invention is an adhesive composition comprising

Abstract: A process directed to the preparation of 2-substituted and 2,2-disubstituted acetals of malondialdehyde from ortho formates and substituted vinyl ethers in the presence of an acidic catalyst.

Abstract: Novel C3-substituted cyclodeca-1,5-diynes can be prepared through novel synthetic procedures using starting (E)-C3-substituted-4-(aryl- or heteroarylmethylidene)cyclodeca-1,5-diynes reagents. Both the C3-substituted cyclodeca-1,5-diyn-3-enes and the starting reagents have improved thermal stability compared to unsubstituted counterparts.

Abstract: A single-stage method for producing &agr;-hydroxy ethers by oxidizing olefinic substrates with organic hydroperoxides and opening the resultant oxirane ring by means of monovalent or polyvalent alcohols wherein a molybdenum compound in combination with a compound selected from the group consisting of boron trifluoride, aluminum oxides, 1,8-diazabicyclo-[5.4.0]-undec-7-ene or 1,4-diazabicyclo-[2.2.2]-octane, and mixtures thereof is used as a catalyst system.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing an alcohol derivative, where the alcohol derivative is an ester, acetal, ketal, ether glycoside, or alkyl glycoside, by reacting an alcohol with a carbonyl compound, alcohol, olefin, epoxy compound or saccharide, where C2-4 vicinal alkylene oxides are excluded, in the presence of (A) an aluminum alkoxide and (B) sulfuric acid or phosphoric acid.

Abstract: The use of esters or amides of hydroxylated carboxylic acids as solubilizers, particularly for pharmaceutical, cosmetic and food preparations, is described.

Abstract: HETE derivatives and methods of their use for treating dry eye are disclosed.

Abstract: The glycinamide of the formula is reacted with the dioxolane of the formula wherein L is a leaving group such as iodo, bromo, alkylsulfonyloxy, or arylsulfonyloxy to give the dioxolane of the formula Treating the dioxolane of formula III under aqueous refluxing conditions followed by exchanging the dioxolane acetal with a dimethoxy acetal and introduction of the methyl ester gives (S)-2-amino-6,6-dimethoxyhexanoic acid, methyl ester which is an intermediate in the preparation of the dual inhibitor [4S-[4&agr;(R*),7&agr;,10a&bgr;]]-octahydro-4-[(2-mercapto-1-oxo-3-phenylpropyl)-amino]-5-oxo-7H-pyrido[2,1-b][1,3]thiazepine-7-carboxylic acid. Also disclosed are storage stable salts of (S)-2-amino-6, 6-dimethoxyhexanoic acid, methyl ester.

Abstract: A process for fluorinating a hydrocarbon substrate by mixing it with an inert diluent and mixing the diluted substrate with a gaseous fluorinating reagent to form a foam reaction mixture. The fluorinating reagent reacts with the substrate in the form to foam product. The foam is separated into a liquid component which contains product and a gas component. Product is withdrawn from the liquid component which is then returned to the diluting step. Fluorinating reagent is fed into the gas component which is then recirculated to the mixing step.

Abstract: Novel monomers of the general formula ##STR1## where b is 0 or 1, a is 1, 2, 3 or 4, R.sup.2 is a monovalent alkyl radical and R is an organic radical. The novel monomers may be employed to produce novel copolymers useful as hydrogel, soft non-hydrogel and/or rigid gas permeable contact lens materials.

Abstract: Pharmaceutical compositions which are useful for the treatment of cancer or illnesses which arise due to an abnormally elevated cell proliferation comprise acyl derivatives of aromatic aldehydes, especially arylidene diesters and .alpha.-alkoxyarylidene esters of general formula (I).

Abstract: The invention encompasses a process for making compounds of Formula I or Ia useful in the treatment of cyclooxygenase-2 mediated diseases.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of methoxyacetic acid esters in which a chloroacetic acid ester is reacted with an alkali metal methoxide to give the methoxyacetic acid ester.

Abstract: This invention relates to compositions for and methods of treating, preventing or ameliorating cancer and other proliferative diseases as well as methods of inducing wound healing, treating cutaneous ulcers, treating gastrointestinal disorders, treating blood disorders such as anemias, immunomodulation, enhancing recombinant gene expression, treating insulin-dependent patients, treating cystic fibrosis patients, inhibiting telomerase activity, treating virus-associated tumors, especially EBV-associated tumors, augmenting expression of a tumor suppressor gene and inducing tolerance to an antigen. The methods of the invention use tricarboxylic acid substituted oxyalkyl esters.