Abstract: Disclosed is a (meth)acrylate compound which can provide a cured article having a high refractive index and excellent transparency and heat resistance, and which has superior handling characteristics; further disclosed are a curable composition containing the (meth)acrylate compound, and a cured article thereof. The (meth)acrylate compound contains an aromatic group represented by the following general formula (1), the curable composition comprising the aromatic-group containing (meth)acrylate compound, and the cured article thereof. (In the formula, R1, R2, R3 and R4 are each independently a hydrogen atom or a methyl group; X is an organic group having an aromatic group and 6 to 30 carbon atoms; and a and b are each independently an integer of 0 to 3.

Abstract: A photosensitive compound whose size is smaller than conventional polymer for photoresist, and which has well-defined (uniform) structure, and a photoresist composition including the same are disclosed. The photosensitive compound represented by the following formula. Also, the present invention provides a photoresist composition comprising 1 to 85 wt % (weight %) of the photosensitive compound; 0.05 to 15 weight parts of a photo-acid generator with respect to 100 weight parts of the photosensitive compound; and 10 to 5000 weight parts of an organic solvent. In the formula, n is 0 or 1, x is 1, 2, 3, 4 or 5, y is 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6, z is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4, R, R? and R? are independently hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms, and R?? is a hydrogen atom or hydrocarbon group of 1 to 30 carbon atoms, preferably 2 to 20 carbon atoms.

Abstract: Provided is a Michael addition product prepared from a multifunctional acryl monomer having multiple hydroxyl groups allowing introduction of acryl functional groups, as a Michael acceptor, and a Michael donor. The Michael addition product is a novel multifunctional compound having an oligomer and a photoinitiator moiety in the molecule. Since it can be cured under a standard UV curing condition without having to add a photoinitiator, it is reduced to air pollution or health problem. Therefore the superior physical properties were obtained by cured coatings without surface tackiness. In addition, its hydroxyl groups allow, through isocyanate bonding or introduction of acryl groups, 3-dimensional crosslinking and molecular and compositional design for improving expandability, friction, and reactivity and hydrophilicity for self-adhesion, hardness of cured film, or the like. Consequently, a very useful, multifunctional or water-dispersible coating composition may be prepared.

Abstract: This invention discloses drug-delivery compositions, methods of making prodrugs, and methods of drug delivery using a self-assembled gelator. The backbone of the gelator can contain a drug or prodrug, such as acetaminophen or salicin. Additional drugs or agents can be encapsulated in the gelator. Enzymatic or hydrolytic cleavage can be used to release the drugs.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the use of a compound of Formula (I??) or pharmaceutically acceptable salt or solvate, isomer or prodrug thereof in the manufacturing of a medicament for the treatment and/or prophylaxis of arthritis and pain.

Abstract: A process for making menthyl glutarate is disclosed. The process comprises reacting excess glutaric acid and menthol to produce a mixture comprising monomenthyl glutarate (MMG) and dimenthyl glutarate (DMG), wherein the weight ratio of glutaric acid to menthol is from 1.0 to 1.6 and the resulting mixture comprises from 60 to 70 wt. % of MMG and from 30 to 40 wt. % of DMG.

Abstract: The present invention provides a photoresist composition comprising a polymer comprising a structural unit derived from a compound represented by the formula (I): wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or a methyl group, R2 represents a C6-C12 aromatic hydrocarbon group which can have one or more substituents, R3 represents a cyano group or a C1-C12 hydrocarbon group which can have one or more substituents and which can contain one or more heteroatoms, A1 represents a single bond, —(CH2)g—CO—O—* or —(CH2)h—O—CO—(CH2)i—CO—O—* wherein g, h and i each independently represent an integer of ?1 to 6 and * represents a binding position to the nitrogen atom, a resin having an acid-labile group and being insoluble or poorly soluble in an aqueous alkali solution but becoming soluble in an aqueous alkali solution by the action of an acid, and an acid generator.

Abstract: Disclosed is a cooling sensation agent composition or sensory stimulation agent composition which contains at least one of diester compounds of dicarboxylic acid represented by the formula (1) wherein A represents CH2 or CH?CH, n represents an integer of 0 to 4 when A is CH2, or 1 when A is CH?CH, B is an alcohol residue having 10 to 18 carbon atoms and containing a para-menthane skeleton, which may have a substituent, and C is an alcohol residue having 6 to 18 carbon atoms, which may have a substituent as well as a flavor or fragrance composition, a beverage, a food product, a perfume or cosmetic product, a toiletry product, daily utensil products or groceries, a fiber, a fiber product, clothes, clothing or a medicine, wherein the cooling sensation agent composition or the sensory stimulation agent composition is compounded.

Abstract: A polymorph of aspirin is provided by the present invention. Methods of making and using the same are also provided.

Abstract: Novel improved processes for the production and isolation of methylidene malonates via direct and indirect adduct processes.

Abstract: An adamantane derivative capable of affording a cured product which is excellent in optical characteristics such as transparency and light resistance, durability such as long-term heat resistance, and electrical characteristics such as dielectric constant, a process for producing such an adamantane derivative, and a curable composition containing such an adamantane derivative, the adamantane derivative being represented by the general formula (I) shown below and having a group selected from an acrylate group, a methacrylate group and a trifluoromethacrylate group, where R1 represents a group selected from a hydroxyl group, an acrylate group, a methacrylate group and a trifluoromethacrylate group, R2 represents a group selected from a hydrogen atom, a methyl group and a trifluoromethyl group, k is an integer of 0 to 4 and n is an integer of 1 to 6.

Abstract: The invention provides epoxy and oxetane compositions including the novel acyloxy and N-acyl curing agents described herein. Use of invention curing agents result in cured adhesive compositions with remarkably increased adhesion and reduced hydrophilicity when compared to resins cured with other types of curing agents. Furthermore, the curatives of this invention do not interfere with free-radical cure and are thus suited for use in hybrid cure thermoset compositions.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for producing cis-cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-diol and cis-cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dialkanoates by selective cis-1,2-reduction of 4-hydroxycyclopent-2-enone by means of a hydroboron, in the presence of substoichiometric quantities of a trivalent rare earth metal compound, to form cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-diol which can then be optionally reacted with an acylation agent to form cis-cyclopent-4-ene-1,3-dialkanoates, in order to simplify the reprocessing and without intermediate isolation.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel carboxylic acid-substituted idebenone derivatives, skin treatment compositions containing these carboxylic acid-substituted idebenone derivatives, methods of treating skin changes by topical application of these carboxylic acid-substituted idebenone derivatives, and their methods of synthesis. The carboxylic acid-substituted idebenone derivatives of the present invention are unexpectedly effective in treating skin, particularly with respect to skin tolerance. When included in a topical composition, the carboxylic acid-substituted idebenone derivatives of the present invention have an antioxidant effect that is useful in treating a skin change.

Abstract: The present invention provides synthetic routes for preparing various isomers of cyclohexane-based coolants, such as menthyl esters and menthanecarboxamide derivatives, in particular those substituted at the amide nitrogen, for example with an aromatic ring or aryl moiety. Such structures have high cooling potency and long lasting sensory effect, which make them useful in a wide variety of consumer products. One synthetic route involves a copper catalyzed coupling of a primary menthanecarboxamide with an aryl halide, such reaction working best in the presence of potassium phosphate and water. Using this synthetic route, specific isomers can be prepared including the menthanecarboxamide isomer having the same configuration as l-menthol and new isomers such as a neoisomer having opposite stereochemistry at the carboxamide (C-1) position. The neoisomer unexpectedly has potent and long lasting cooling effect.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (I) are active as dopaminergic compounds or as compounds which or as compounds which diminish the symptoms of dopamine deficiency: wherein: R1 and R2 are independently selected from —C(?O)R5 or —C(?O)OR5; or one of R1 and R2 is hydrogen and the other is —C(?O)R5 or —C(?O)OR5; R3 and R4 are independently selected from hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl, C3-C6 cycloalkyl, C2-C6 alkenyl, or C2-C6 alkynyl, —CH2Q, —C(?O)R5, —C(?O)OR5, —C(?O)NR5R6, or R5 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl or —CH2Q; R6 is hydrogen or optionally substituted C1-C6 alkyl Or —CH2Q; and Q is an optionally substituted monocyclic carbocyclic or heterocyclyl ring of 3 to 6 ring atoms.

Abstract: A method of providing a desirable vanilla beany flavor in an orally-receivable product, includes adding to a product base at least one of divanillyl succinate or at least one compound according to Formula I or Formula II in which R? is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl and —CHO, and R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen. C1-C10 linear alkyl. C3-C10 branched alkyl, C2-C10 linear alkenyl, C3-C10 branched alkenyl, C1-C10 hydroxyalkyl, C2-C10 carboxyalkyl, and tetrahydrofuranyl.

Abstract: Optically active ester compounds of the formula: in particular, are useful fragrance materials.

Abstract: A polymer of aspirin is provided by the present invention. Methods of making and using the same are also provided.

Abstract: Renin inhibitors nitroderivatives of formula (I): A-(X0—ONO2)s ??(I) having wider pharmacological activity and enhanced tolerability. They can be employed for treating or preventing congestive heart failure, coronary diseases, cardiac insufficiency, left ventricular dysfunction and hypertrophy, cardiac fibrosis, myocardial ischemia, stroke, atherosclerosis, restenosis post angioplasty, renal insufficiency, renal ischemia, renal failure, renal fibrosis, glomerulonephritis, renal colic, ocular and pulmonary hypertension, glaucoma, hypertension, diabetic complications such as nephropathy, vasculopathy and neuropathy, peripheral vascular diseases, liver fibrosis, portal hypertension, metabolic syndrome, erectile dysfunction, complications after vascular or cardiac surgery, complications of treatment with immunosuppressive agents after organ transplantation, hyperaldosteronism, lung fibrosis, scleroderma, anxiety, cognitive disorders.

Abstract: Isotopically labeled alpha-keto acids and esters are disclosed herein. Also disclosed are methods of synthesizing isotopically labeled alpha-keto acids and esters.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the production of a fuel composition having a NACE corrosion rating of between 0% and 25%, comprising the steps of: (i) contacting a fuel with a corrosion inhibitor of formula (I) to provide an initial fuel composition wherein m and n are each independently an integer from 0 to 10; wherein R1 is an optionally substituted hydrocarbyl group; wherein either R2 is OR4 and R3 is OR5, wherein R4 and R5 are selected from hydrogen and hydrocarbyl-OH and wherein at least one of R4 and R5 is hydrogen; or R2 and R3 together represent —O—, and (ii) contacting the initial fuel composition with a caustic material to provide the fuel composition without subsequent addition of a corrosion inhibitor.

Abstract: Substituted 7- to 12-membered cycloalkanes which have leaving groups, in particular chlorine atoms, on tertiary ring carbons, a process for preparing them and their use as initiators for cationic polymerization, in particular the cationic polymerization of isobutene are described. Preferred compounds are 1,4-dichloro-1,4-dimethylcyclooctane, 1,5-dichloro-1,5-dimethylcyclooctane and mixtures thereof. They are prepared by addition of hydrogen chloride onto appropriately substituted cycloalkapolyenes.

Abstract: A process for reacting relatively small hydrophilic carboxylic molecules with relatively large, hydrophobic hydrocarbon based molecules, said process comprising conducting the reacting in the presence of a sulfonic acid catalyst having solubilizing properties. In a preferred embodiment the large hydrophobic molecule comprises at least one member of the group consisting of (1) olefinically unsaturated hydrocarbons containing at least about 10 carbon atoms and (2) aliphatic hydrocarbyl group substituted hydroxy aromatic compounds wherein the aliphatic hydrocarbyl group contains at least 12 carbon atoms and the small hydrophilic molecule comprises a carboxylic reactant selected from the group consisting of compounds of the formula R3C(O)(R4)nC(O)OR5 wherein each of R3 and R5 is independently H or a hydrocarbyl group, R4 is a divalent hydrocarbylene group, and n is 0 or 1, and reactive sources thereof.

Abstract: Novel ester compounds and the use of these esters as a fragrance chemicals, suitable for use in creating fragrance, and scents in items such as perfumes, colognes and personal care products are disclosed.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for recovering and producing C4-C6 dicarboxylates from an alkaline waste solution generated in a caprolactam preparation process, in which the alkaline waste solution is treated with sulfuric acid to separate into an aqueous phase and an organic phase, allowing valuable substances contained in the organic phase to be firstly oxidized and converted into dicarboxylic acids. The dicarboxylic acids then undergo concentration, esterification and distillation processes, so as to obtain desirable C4-C6 dicarboxylates with high purity. This therefore provides an efficient and improved method for effectively recovering most valuable substances from the alkaline waste solution, so that economic benefits in recovery are greatly raised.

Abstract: Novel ester compounds and the use of these esters as a fragrance chemicals, suitable for use in creating fragrance, and scents in items such as perfumes, colognes and personal care products are disclosed.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof. When cured, thermosets comprising invention gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof have thermally and/or chemically labile gem-diester groups interspersed throughout the crosslinked network. Thus, thermosets based on invention gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof can be easily reworked thermally or chemically by treatment with dilute acidic or basic solutions. Further provided by the present invention are adhesive compositions comprising invention gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof.

Abstract: Novel ester compounds and the use of these esters as a fragrance chemicals, suitable for use in creating fragrance, and scents in items such as perfumes, colognes and personal care products are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for reacting relatively small hydrophilic carboxylic molecules with relatively large, hydrophobic hydrocarbon based molecules, said process comprising conducting the reacting in the presence of a sulfonic acid catalyst having solubilizing properties.

Abstract: A thermosetting resin composition usable for sealing a gap formed between a printed circuit board and a semiconductor element in a semiconductor package having a face-down structure; a semiconductor device comprising a printed circuit board, a semiconductor element, and the thermosetting resin composition mentioned above, wherein a gap formed between the printed circuit board and the semiconductor element is sealed by the thermosetting resin composition; and a process for manufacturing the semiconductor device.

Abstract: Process for the esterification of organic acids with alcohols in a reactor of the chromatographic type in which the heterogeneous solid phase is capable of acting both as an esterification catalyst and as a means exhibiting preferential adsorption towards one of the reaction products (typically water). The process to which the present invention relates is particularly improved compared with conventional technology owing to the use, as the means for regenerating the catalyst, of a desorbent to which has been added a second compound, generally the anhydride of the acid used in the esterification reaction, which, by chemical reaction, completes the removal of the adsorbed water.

Abstract: A novel tandem acyl-Claisen rearrangement reaction is provided. An allylic reactant such as an allylic amine or an allylic thioether, having at least two functional groups that enable the reactant to undergo at least two successive Claisen rearrangement reactions, is reacted with an acid chloride in the presence of a Lewis acid catalyst composition composed of a Lewis acid and a second catalyst component selected from the group consisting of tertiary amines and non-nitrogenous bases. The stereochemistry of the reaction product is readily controlled by the positioning and size of substituents on the allylic reactant. The reaction may be carried out on a solid support, i.e., on the surface of a substrate suitable for conducting solid phase chemical reactions.

Abstract: Compounds of formula (i) and of formula (ii) wherein the symbols have the meaning disclosed in the specification, specifically or selectively modulate &agr;2B and/or &agr;2C adrenergic receptors in preference over &agr;2A adrenergic receptors, and as such are useful for alleviating chronic pain and allodynia and have no or only minimal cardivascular and/or sedatory activity.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a novel process for preparing compounds of the formula (I) by reacting compounds of the formula (II) with a base and compounds of the formula (III) in which X, Y, Z, n, G, A, B, R1, R8 and Hal are each as defined above.

Abstract: The new compound t-butylperoxycyclododecyl oxalate is described, as well as a method of preparing it and use of the compound as a polymerization initiator.

Abstract: Malonic esters of the general formula where R is C1-10-alkyl, C3-10-alkenyl or aryl-C1-4-alkyl, are prepared by reacting an alkali metal salt of malonic acid with a halide of the general formula R—X (II), where R is as defined above and X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, in the presence of water and a phase-transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing malonic diesters by carbonylation of haloacetic esters and reaction with monohydric alcohols and a base in the presence of a transition metal catalyst, preferably a catalytic cobalt carbonyl complex, using a stirred reactor with one or more internal heat exchangers. The stirred reactor preferably contains a sparging stirrer.

Abstract: The present invention relates to powder coating compositions which can be cured at low temperatures. The powder coating composition of the invention include a unique combination of a branched oligoester polyol and uretdione crosslinking agent which when cured results in a coating binder with desirable hardness, flexibility, solvent resistance, corrosion resistance, weatherability and gloss.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula I are precursors for organoleptic and antimicrobial compounds. The latter are generated in the presence of skin bacteria, enzymes or acidic or alkaline conditions. One precursor molecule can provide one or more different compounds.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of an enantiomerically enriched 2-substituted succinic acid derivative of formula 2, which comprises asymmetric hydrogenation of the dehydro precursor of formula 7 or 8, or a mixture thereof wherein R1 and R2 are independently H, a salt-forming cation, or an organic group of up to 30 C atoms, and R3 and R4 are independently H or an organic group of up to 30 C atoms, provided that R3 and R4 are not both H, in the presence of a transition metal complex of a chiral phosphine ligand having the partial formula 10 wherein n is 0 to 6 and R represents at least one non-hydrogen organic group of up to 30 C atoms.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyester polyols having hydroxyl numbers of 175 to 520 which are the reaction products ofa) 50 to 60 mole % of a polyol component containing(i) 0 to 39 mole % of one or more dihydric aliphatic or cycloaliphatic alcohols having at least 2 carbon atoms other than neopentyl glycol,(ii) 20 to 59 mole % of neopentyl glycol and(iii) 41 to 80 mole % of one or more at least trihydric aliphatic alcohols containing at least 3 carbon atoms andb) 40 to 50 mole % of a dicarboxylic acid component containing(iv) 0 to 60 mole % of one or more aliphatic or cycloaliphatic, saturated or unsaturated dicarboxylic acids or their anhydrides having at least 2 carbon atoms other than fumaric acid, itaconic acid and maleic acid or their anhydrides and(v) 40 to 100 mole % of one or more of fumaric acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid or their anhydrides,wherein the percentages set forth in a) and b) each add up to 100.

Abstract: Cyclopentenone derivative having a structure of 5-(R.sub.1 COO--)-4-(R.sub.2 COO--)--substituted 2-cyclopenten-1-one (R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are some or different and each is alkyl group, alkenyl group or aryl group) or an optically active substance thereof; a method for the manufacture of the cyclopentenone derivative by the reaction of 4,5-dihydroxy-2-cyclopenten-1-one with the corresponding carboxylic acid or a reactive derivative thereof; and anticancer agent, apoptosis-inducing agent and antibacterial agent containing said derivative.

Abstract: The present invention relates to polyether amino acid ester compounds, preparation method and their use as hydrocarbon fuel additives.

Abstract: Acetylenic maleates, fumarates and related derivative compounds are new compositions of matter having the formula:R.sub.1 O.sub.2 C--CH.dbd.CH--CO.sub.2 R.sub.2wherein R.sub.1 may be an organic moiety containing at least two carbon atoms triply bonded one to the other as:--C.tbd.C--and R.sub.2 may be hydrogen, an organic moiety, or R.sub.1 ; suitable for use as liquid injection molding inhibitors either singly or in combination with themselves or other liquid injection molding inhibitors when used for the process of liquid injection molding curable compositions enabling an increase in the size of articles manufactured therefrom, which new compositions of matter cure into the polymerizable or curable resins thereby creating new compositions of matter as cured resins from which said articles of manufacture are produced.

Abstract: Provided is an industrially useful process for producing an optically active 2-hydroxy-4-arylbutyric acid or its ester. An optically active acyloxysuccinic anhydride is reacted with an aromatic compound in the presence of a Lewis acid to produce an optically active 2-acyloxy-4-oxo-4-arylbutyric acid. The 2-acyloxy-4-oxo-4-arylbutyric acid is converted to an optically active 2-acyloxy-4-arylbutyric acid through catalytic reduction. The 2-acyloxy-4-arylbutyric acid is hydrolyzed in the presence of an acid or an alkali to produce an optically active 2-hydroxy-4-arylbutyric acid. The 2-hydroxy-4-arylbutyric acid is reacted with an alcohol in the presence of an acid to produce an optically active 2-hydroxy-4-arylbutyric acid ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to a method for making oligomers, including homo-oligomers and cooligomers, by the free radical polymerization of at least one monomer component B) having a greater tendency to polymerize and 0-90 wt. %, calculated on the oligomers, of a monomer component A) having a lesser tendency to polymerize, at an elevated temperature and in the presence of a polymerization initiator in a conventional polymerization vessel, by adding monomer component B) to monomer component A), or to a solution of monomer component A), or merely to a solvent, so that the mol ratio of B) to A), if A) is present, passes through values of 0 to about 0.2 during the initial phase of the polymerization and takes the value 0.

Abstract: Process for preparing glyoxylic esters or their hydrates in which a water-soluble salt of a maleic or fumaric monoester or a mixture thereof is reacted with ozone in aqueous solution at temperatures of from 0 to 50.degree. C., and the corresponding glyoxylic ester or its hydrate is isolated from the resulting reaction mixture.

Abstract: Mesogens are provided based on substituted unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic and methacrylic acid. Substitution of a variety of hydrophobic tails onto the carboxylic acid or acid derivative via the vinyl carbon proximal to the carbonyl of the carboxylic acid results in mesogens that are capable of forming thermotropic and single-phase lyotropic mesophases over a broad range of compositions. The mesophases can be polymerized to lock in the ordered phases.

Abstract: A complex alcohol ester which comprises the reaction product of an add mixture of the following: a polyhydroxyl compound represented by the general formula:R(OH).sub.nwherein R is any aliphatic or cyclo-aliphatic hydrocarbyl group and n is at least 2, provided that the hydrocarbyl group contains from about 2 to 20 carbon atoms; a polybasic acid or an anhydride of a polybasic acid, provided that the ratio of equivalents of the polybasic acid to equivalents of alcohol from the polyhydroxyl compound is in the range between about 1.6:1 to 2:1; and a monohydric alcohol, provided that the ratio of equivalents of the monohydric alcohol to equivalents of the polybasic acid is in the range between about 0.84:1 to 1.2:1; wherein the complex alcohol ester exhibits a pour point of less than or equal to -20.degree. C., a viscosity in the range between about 100-700 cSt at 40.degree. C. and having a polybasic acid ester concentration of less than or equal to 70 wt. %, based on the complex alcohol ester.