Abstract: A composition comprised of a component selected from the group consisting of a biobased bis-alkyl succinate and a biobased bis-alkyl sebacate, each derived, for example, from the esterification of biobased diacid such as succinic acid or sebacic acid, and a biobased alcohol and a biobased polyester.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing ethers, particularly unsymmetrical ethers, and preferably ethers suitable for use as base stocks for lubricant compositions. In particular, the process involves the reaction of a branched-chain aldehyde and a branched-chain alcohol to form an enol ether and conversion of the enol ether to a saturated ether by reduction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for the hydrogenation of polyunsaturated hydrocarbon compounds, in particular di-olefins and alkynes, more particularly di-olefins, said process comprising contacting a feed comprising one or more polyunsaturated hydrocarbon compounds with a catalyst comprising copper and carbon in the presence of hydrogen, preferably wherein the catalyst is a copper catalyst on a carbon-containing support. The present invention also provides a process for producing a copper catalyst on a carbon-containing support and the use of a copper catalyst on a carbon-containing support to increase the selectivity towards di-olefin hydrogenation over mono-olefin hydrogenation in a process for hydrogenation of one or more di-olefins.

Abstract: The present disclosure relates to a preparation method of a super absorbent polymer containing a novel cross-linking agent compound. The preparation method of a super absorbent polymer of the present disclosure can provide a super absorbent polymer exhibiting excellent absorption properties and an excellent deodorizing effect by including a cross-linking agent with a novel structure. Therefore, according to the present disclosure, since a separate additive for a deodorizing property is not required, processability and economic efficiency of the manufacturing process can be improved.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a continuous high-pressure polymerization process for the preparation of a liquid ethylene copolymer which comprises in polymerized form 20 to 60 wt % of ethylene; and at least 20 wt % of an acrylate, which is selected from C1-C22 alkyl (meth)acrylate, where a monomer feed comprising the ethylene and the acrylate is polymerized in the presence of at least 2 wt % of a chain transfer agent. The invention further relates to the liquid ethylene copolymer obtainable by the polymerization process; and to a lubricant comprising the liquid ethylene copolymer obtainable by the polymerization process; and to a method for reducing friction between moving surfaces comprising the step of contacting the surfaces with the lubricant or with the ethylene copolymer.

Abstract: The present teachings contemplate a method comprising providing a first and second substrate, locating an initiator onto a surface of the first or second substrate, the initiator including a substance for initiating polymerization of a polymerizable adhesive, locating the polymerizable adhesive onto a surface of the first and second substrate, the adhesive including a monofunctional, difunctional, or multifunctional methylene malonate, or cyanoacrylate, and contacting first and second substrate.

Abstract: A composition which is the reaction product of reactants comprising dimer fatty acid and/or trimer fatty acid, a mono-alcohol comprising at least 3 carbon atoms and a polyol comprising at least 2 hydroxyl groups. The composition comprises dimer fatty diester and/or trimer fatty trimester, and oligoester comprising more than one dimer fatty acid and/or trimer fatty acid residue. The invention also provides an emulsion comprising the composition, particularly in the form of a personal care product, a method of emulsifying using the composition and use of the composition as an emulsifier.

Abstract: New acrylate-based polymers with dicarbonyl pendant groups have been synthesized. When these polymers are combined with electrolyte salts, such polymer electrolytes have shown excellent electrochemical oxidation stability in lithium battery cells. Their stability along with their excellent ionic transport properties make them especially suitable as electrolytes in high energy density lithium battery cells.

Abstract: The invention discloses a method for preparing maleate by selective catalytic oxidation of lignin. The method uses a heteropolyacid functionalized ionic liquid as a catalyst, and an aqueous alcohol solution as a reaction medium to achieve high-efficiency selective catalytic conversion and ring opening oxidation of biomass lignin at a reaction temperature of 110-160° C. and an oxygen pressure of 0.5-1.0 MPa for 1-6 h. The selectivity of maleate is higher than 47.83%. The yield and selectivity of a single chemical derived from the depolymerization of lignin in the present invention are much higher than the prior art, and the ionic liquid catalyst exhibits outstanding advantages such as availability of recovery and recycling through simple temperature adjustment; the reaction conditions of the present invention are mild, and the process is green and safe, easy to operate, and available for batch and continuous production.

Abstract: A method of isomerizing methyl 9-decenoate in a reaction mixture, and forming methyl 8-decenoate, and reacting the methyl 8-decenoate by metathesis to form 1,16-dimethyl 8-hexadecenedioate, and hydrogenating 1,16-dimethyl 8-hexadecenedioate to form 1,16-dimethyl hexadecanedioate. In some embodiments, the 1,16-dimethyl hexadecanedioate can be converted to hexadecanedioic acid.

Abstract: This invention relates to malienated derivatives made from maleic anhydride, functionalized monomers, and one or more additional reagents, e.g., an oxygen-containing reagent (e.g., alcohol, polyol), a nitrogen-containing reagent (e.g., amine, polyamine, aminoalcohol), a metal and/or a metal compound. The invention relates to lubricants, functional fluids, fuels, dispersants, detergents and functional compositions (e.g., cleaning solutions, food compositions, etc.).

Abstract: A method of enhancing binding of cells to an integrin-binding ligand comprises treating integrin-expressing cells in vitro with an agonist of integrin, wherein the integrin is selected from the group consisting of ?4?1, ?5?1, ?4?7, ?v?3 and ?L?2, and contacting the treated cells with an integrin-binding ligand; integrin agonist compounds having the general formula I; methods of treating integrin-expressing cells with such agonists to enhance binding; and therapeutic methods comprising administering agonist-treated cells or agonist compounds to a mammal.

Abstract: A method of enhancing binding of cells to an integrin-binding ligand comprises treating integrin-expressing cells in vitro with an agonist of integrin, wherein the integrin is selected from the group consisting of ?4?1, ?5?1, ?4?7, ?v?3 and ?L?2, and contacting the treated cells with an integrin-binding ligand; integrin agonist compounds having the general formula I; methods of treating integrin-expressing cells with such agonists to enhance binding; and therapeutic methods comprising administering agonist-treated cells or agonist compounds to a mammal.

Abstract: A process of purifying 1,4-butanediol (1,4-BDO) from a fermentation broth including separating solid materials, salts and water, and subjecting the resulting material to a two, three or four column distillation system, that can include a wiped film evaporator to produce a purified 1,4-butanediol product.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for continuously preparing di-C1-3-alkyl succinates by reacting succinic acid with an C1-3-alkanol in the presence of a fixed-bed heterogeneous acidic esterification catalyst in a tubular reactor at a temperature in the range of from 60 to 100° C., wherein a mixture, comprising succinic acid, C1-3-alkanol, mono-C1-3-alkyl succinate, di-C1-3-alkyl succinate and water, is formed in a mixing stage and fed to the entrance of the tubular reactor, and wherein 5 to 75% of the outlet flow rate of the tubular reactor are recycled directly to the mixing stage as a recycle stream, and the molar ratio of C1-3-alkanol to succinic acid added to the mixing zone, and not including the C1-3-alkanol and succinic acid at the recycle stream, being in the range of from 2.0 to 9.5.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel compounds containing fluorinated end groups, to the use thereof as surface-active substances, and to compositions comprising these compounds.

Abstract: This invention relates to a formulation comprising a compound of formula (I) where R1 and R2 are each independently hydrogen, optionally substituted C1-18 alkyl, optionally substituted C1-18 alkenyl, optionally substituted C3-8 cycloalkyl, optionally substituted C3-8 cycloalkenyl or optionally substituted aryl; provided that the total number of carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is an integer from 5 to 40 inclusive; the use of a compound of formula (I) (i) as an adjuvant provided that the total number of carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is an integer from 5 to 40 inclusive; and (ii) as a solvent provided that the total number of carbon atoms in R1 and R2 is an integer from 5 to 20 inclusive; to certain novel compounds of formula (I) and to a process for preparing those novel compounds.

Abstract: An encapsulated initiator particle includes one or more polymerization initiators encapsulated by a cured composition. The cured composition includes one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds. Polymerizable systems can include one or more encapsulated initiator particles and a polymerizable composition. The polymerizable composition can include one or more 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds. Methods for forming an encapsulated initiator particle are also described herein.

Abstract: The present teachings show that it is possible to polymerize 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds in a solution (for example using one or more solvents). Polymerization of 1,1-disubstituted alkene compounds in an solution provides opportunities to better control the polymerization compared with bulk polymerization. The solution polymerization techniques can be employed for preparing homopolymers, copolymers (e.g., random copolymers), and block copolymers.

Abstract: The present invention concerns the production of compounds comprising nitrite functions and cyclic imide compounds. More specifically, the invention relates to the production of compounds comprising nitrile functions from compounds comprising carboxylic functions, advantageously of natural and renewable origin, and from methyl-2 glutaronitrile (MGN) or a mixture N of dinitriles comprising methyl-2 glutaronitrile (MGN), ethyl-2 succinonitrile (ESN) and adiponitrile (AdN).

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel succinic acid ester mixtures and to the use thereof as plasticizers for plastic materials. The claimed mixtures are characterized by having good plasticizing effects with low dissolution temperatures.

Abstract: Optical materials including polymerizable compositions and oligomeric and polymeric material formed therefrom. The oligomer or polymer material include structural repeat units. The optical material has low or substantially no absorbance of wavelengths in at least one of the spectral regions of interest. Optical components include adhesives, waveguides, spherical or non-spherical optical lenses, architectural articles, automotive components, laminated structures and composites.

Abstract: The present invention relates to compounds for counteracting thiol- and amine-based malodors in consumer, industrial and textile products. Also disclosed are a consumer, industrial or textile product containing one of these compounds and a method for counteracting a thiol- or amine-based malodor using these compounds.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel succinic acid ester mixtures and to the use thereof as plasticizers for plastic materials.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an improved process for the production of 4-alkanoyloxy-2-methylbutanoic acid, as well as to the use of such compounds in organic syntheses, especially in processes forming intermediates (building blocks) for the synthesis of organic compounds comprising isoprene (isoterpene) units, such as ?-carotene or other carotenoids (e.g. canthaxanthin, zeaxanthin or astaxanthin) or as vitamin E or vitamin A as well as other structurally similar compounds.

Abstract: The invention relates to compositions including esters of polyvalent alcohols that are esterified with fatty acids, partially unsaturated, from plant oils, and to the use thereof as cooling and insulating fluids for transformers.

Abstract: Alkyl esters (butyl, hexyl, or other) of full composition palm fatty acids, palm fatty acid distillates (PFAD), and palm kernel fatty acid distillates (PKFAD) can be used to generate polyurethane and lubricant products. The alkyl esters of the present invention can be produced via ozonolysis. The improved method for producing alkyl esters includes reacting at least one substance having at least one carbon-to-carbon double bond with ozone in the presence of least one monoalcohol that azeotropes with water. In particular, the method may comprise reacting with at least one first mole of ozone and at least one second mole of ozone, and further comprises refluxing before addition of the second mole of ozone.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are compositions of dimethyl fumarate exhibiting reduced gastrointestinal irritation and related side effects.

Abstract: Methods are described for preparing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and/or magnetic resonance spectroscopy contrast agents where the contrast agents are prepared from precursor molecules having at least four non-zero-spin nuclei that form two pairs of chemically equivalent or effectively equivalent nuclei, e.g., diphenylacetylene or diethyl oxalate. The precursor molecule is hyperpolarized and a sequence of one or more radiofrequency pulses is applied to transfer spin state population between the first and second pair of nuclei, thereby providing a non-equilibrium single state nuclear spin population. To detect the contrast agent, another sequence of one or more radiofrequency pulses is applied to transfer singlet order to polarization. No transformation of the molecular structure of the contrast agent is necessary for detection. Also described are methods of imaging targets using the contrast agents.

Abstract: A resist composition containing a compound represented by general formula (m0), wherein R1 and R2 each independently represents an aryl group which may have a substituent, an alkyl group which may have a substituent, or an alkenyl group which may have a substituent, provided that R1 and R2 may be mutually bonded to form a ring with the sulfur atom; R3 represents an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, an alkenyl group which may have a substituent, or an alkynyl group which may have a substituent; V1 represents a single bond or an alkylene group, provided that, when R3 is an aromatic hydrocarbon group which may have a substituent, V1 is an alkylene group; and X0? represents a monovalent organic anion.

Abstract: The present invention relates to controlled release pharmaceutical compositions comprising fumaric acid ester(s) as active substance(s). The compositions are suitable for use in the treatment of e.g. psoriasis or other hyperproliferative, inflammatory or autoimmune disorders and are designated to release the fumaric acid ester in a controlled manner so that local high concentrations of the active substance within the gastrointestinal tract upon oral administration can be avoided and, thereby, enabling a reduction in gastro-intestinal related side effects.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel succinic acid alkyl ester mixtures and to the use there as plasticizers for plastic materials. The claimed mixtures are characterised by having good plasticizing effects which lead the products produced with the mixtures to have improved application properties.

Abstract: Ester polyol esters are a unique class of lubricants that have adjustable molecular weights, viscosities, and pour points based on the character of their reaction materials and relative ratios. There is provided a method for preparing at least one ester polyol ester, the method comprising esterifying an ester polyol reaction mixture to produce ester polyol, the reaction mixture comprising an ozone acid mixture and at least one primary polyol, wherein the ozone acid mixture comprises at least one dicarboxylic acid and at least one monocarboxylic acid; and capping the ester polyol with at least one capping carboxylic acid to produce ester polyol ester.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparing polyester alcohols by catalytic reaction of at least one at least polyfunctional carboxylic acid with at least one polyfunctional alcohol and/or by catalytic ring-opening polymerization of cyclic esters in the presence of catalysts, wherein a zeolite is used as catalyst.

Abstract: A process of producing oxalate by CO gas phase method includes the following steps: a) introducing nitrite salt, water and an inorganic acid first into a reactor I to produce a NO containing effluent I; and separating the resultant effluent to obtain the effluent II of NO; b) introducing the effluent II of NO, a C1-C4 alkanol and oxygen into a reactor II to be subjected to the reaction, and separating the resultant effluent to obtain the effluent IV of C1-C4 alkyl nitrites; c) introducing the effluent IV of C1-C4 alkyl nitrites and a CO gas stream into a coupling reactor where they are reacted to produce a NO containing effluent VI. The reactor I and/or the reactor II are preferably rotating supergravity reactors. Therefore, the process is applicable to the industrial production of oxalate by CO gas phase method.

Abstract: Disclosed herein is an ophthalmic formulation comprising a compound of formula (I): wherein R1 is a linear or branched C9-C33 alkyl or a linear or branched C9-C33 alkenyl with 1 to 4 double bonds; R2 is a linear or branched C9-C19 alkyl or a linear or branched C9-C19 alkenyl with 1 to 4 double bonds; and an ophthalmologically acceptable carrier.

Abstract: This invention relates to alkyl 5-acyloxydecanoate having formula (1) as follows: wherein R1 denotes a hydrogen atom or an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, R2 denotes an alkyl group having one to four carbon atoms, with the proviso that the case where R1 is a methyl group and R2 is a methyl group or an ethyl group is excluded, which is capable of giving to food products or the like a characteristic flavor, or a sensory impression, of milk, fat or cream, and to the use of the same in flavoring compositions.

Abstract: Disclosed herein are cocrystals of dimethyl fumarate, which is a prodrug of methyl hydrogen fumarate.

Abstract: Methods of making monomethyl fumarate, which can then also be used in methods of making prodrugs of monomethyl fumarate, are disclosed. Monomethyl fumarate and prodrugs of monomethyl fumarate are useful for treating neurodegenerative, inflammatory, and autoimmune diseases including multiple sclerosis, psoriasis, irritable bowel disorder, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, asthma, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Abstract: A resist composition comprising a compound (m0) (wherein Rb1 represents an electron withdrawing group; Rb2 and Rb3 each independently represents an aryl group, an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, provided that Rb2 and Rb3 may be mutually bonded to form a ring with the sulfur atom; and X0? represents a monovalent counteranion).

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for refining glyceride oil by size exclusion chromatography to obtain a triglyceride enriched fraction. The process comprises passing a glyceride oil through a size exclusion column packed with porous particles having a mass weighted mean particle size of 20 to 1,000 ?m and an average pore size of 10 to 150 A without using any solvent and collecting an eluate fraction enriched in triglyceride. The process may further comprise passing a solvent through the size exclusion column after the eluate fraction enriched in triglyceride is collected to obtain a partial glyceride enriched fraction. The process can suitably be used to produce triglyceride enriched fraction having a triglyceride content that is close to 100%.

Abstract: In one aspect, compositions are described herein. In some embodiments, a composition comprises an ester reaction product of a structurally symmetric alkoxylated polyol and a carboxylic acid or carboxylic acid equivalent. In some embodiments, the structurally symmetric alkoxylated polyol comprises an alkoxylated pentaerythritol, dipentaerythritol, tripentaerythritol, higher oligomer of a pentaerythritol, or a combination thereof.

Abstract: Provided are a lubricating oil base oil having characteristics of low volatility and excellent low-temperature fluidity and capable of providing long-lasting lubrication property in a wide temperature range from low temperature to high temperature, and a lubricating oil composition using the same. The lubricating oil base oil includes a diester obtained through a reaction between a diol component formed of 1,12-dodecanediol and a carboxylic acid component formed of 2-methylpentanoic acid or 2-methylpentanoic acid and 2-ethylhexanoic acid. The diester is represented by R2COOR1OOCR3, where R1 represents an alkylene derived from the diol component and R2 and R3 each represent an alkyl derived from the carboxylic acid component, and includes 45 to 100 mol % of a diester in which both of R2 and R3 represent C5 alkyls.

Abstract: Biodegradable pharmaceutical compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol and its esters are provided. The 1,3-propanediol and its esters in the pharmaceutical composition are biologically derived, and as such, the pharmaceutical compositions exhibit a low anthropogenic CO2 emission profile.

Abstract: The present invention provides multifunctional monomers, including, but not limited to include multifunctional methylene malonate and methylene beta-ketoester monomers; methods for producing the same; and compositions and products formed therefrom. The multifunctional monomers of the invention may be produced by transesterification or by direct synthesis from monofunctional methylene malonate monomers or methylene beta-ketoester monomers. The present invention further compositions and products formed from methylene beta-ketoester monomers of the invention, including monomer-based products (e.g., inks, adhesives, coatings, sealants or reactive molding) and polymer-based products (e.g., fibers, films, sheets, medical polymers, composite polymers and surfactants).

Abstract: Biodegradable agricultural compositions comprising 1,3-propanediol and its esters are provided. The 1,3-propanediol and its esters in the agricultural composition are biologically derived, and as such, the agricultural compositions exhibit a low anthropogenic CO2 emission profile.

Abstract: The invention provides a process for preparing esters from formates and olefinically unsaturated compounds with catalysts based on palladium compounds. In addition, the invention discloses a polyphasic reaction mixture and nonyl methyl ester mixtures prepared by the process according to the invention.

Abstract: Monomers having a C-B-A-B-C structure are disclosed, where A is a core of either trithiocarbonate and allyl sulfide, where B are linker units, and where C are end units. The end units may comprise acrylates, methacrylates, alcohol(s), amine(s), and alkynes, among others. The linker units may include an alkane, alkene, phenyl, diphenyl, or benzylic group, among others. Methods of synthesizing such compounds are also disclosed.

Abstract: A method for treating glycogen storage disease by administering an effective amount of a composition that includes ketogenic odd carbon fatty acids that ameliorate the symptoms of these diseases.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a new alcohol compound, a polyester resin, an unsaturated polyester resin, a resin particle and an electrophotographic toner using the compound capable of using the renewable resources as a part of a raw material. An alcohol compound according to the present invention is characterized by representing the chemical formula [Chemical 1]. Furthermore, the polyester resin or the unsaturated polyester resin according to the present invention, is characterized in that the compound (wherein X is an aliphatic or an aromatic residue, Y is a refined rosin residue, a disproportionated rosin residue or a hydrogenated rosin residue, and n=0 to 1 in the formula.) is an essential component of an alcohol component. Further, the resin particle of the present invention is characterized by comprising the polyester resin.