Abstract: L-threo-?-benzyloxyaspartate derivatives having a substituent on the benzene ring, represented by the following formula (1): wherein R is hydrogen, a linear or branched lower aliphatic acyl group with the acyl portion optionally substituted, an alicyclic acyl group, an aromatic acyl group with a substituent on the aromatic ring, an amino acid-derived group or a biotin derivative-derived group, having an amino substituent on the benzene ring, and salts thereof, which can easily bind to affinity column chromatography carriers as ligands of glutamate transporter proteins.

Abstract: A process of making D-panthenyl triacetate which includes reacting D-panthenol with acetic anhydride in the presence of the catalyst polymer bound dimethylaminopyridine to form an exothermic mixture. The so-produced acetic acid, and the catalyst are removed from the exothermic mixture which is then neutralized with sodium hydroxide. Sodium acetate in the form of a solid is removed by filtration. The D-panthenyl triacetate is useful in cosmetic compositions.

Abstract: This invention pertains to novel methods for the synthesis of certain nitrogen mustard prodrugs, such as N-{4-[N,N-bis(2-haloethylamino)-phenoxycarbonyl}-L-glutamic acid: wherein: X2 is a halo group, and is —F, —Cl, —Br, or —I; n is an integer from 0 to 4; and, each RA is an aryl substituent. The methods comprise, at least, the steps of: glutamate conjugation (GC); silyloxy deprotection (SD); and, sulfonic esterification (SU). Certain preferred methods comprise the steps of: amine substitution (AS); silyloxy protection (SP); phenolic deprotection (PD); activation (AC); glutamate conjugation (GC); silyloxy deprotection (SD); sulfonic estenfication (SU); halogenation (HL); glutamate deprotection (GD); and glutamic acid protection (GP).

Abstract: A compound and salts and enantiomers thereof, having the formula: wherein R7 is an acyl group.

Abstract: Mixtures containing monomers having at least one ethylenically unsaturated group are chemically and/or physically treated in the presence of the reaction products of alkylsuccinic anhydrides and stable N-oxyl radicals having a hydroxyl group.

Abstract: Double fumarates of L-carnitine or isovaleryl L-carnitine and an amino acid having formula (I) are disclosed which are useful as active ingredients of food supplements, dietary supplements or drugs. wherein: R is hydrogen or isovaleryl; and [A+] is a positively charged amino acid selected from the group consisting of creatine, ornithine, lysine, arginine and histidine.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of altering the metabolism of sphingolipids in a cell comprising contacting the cell with a fumonisin, or an analog thereof. The invention also provides a method of detecting the consumption of a fumonisin or a fumonisin analog in a subject comprising (A) detecting, in a sample from the subject, the state of the metabolic pathway of sphingolipids and (B) comparing the state of the metabolic pathway to that of a normal subject, the presence of a change in the state of the metabolic pathway indicating the consumption of a fumonisin or a fumonisin analog. Also provided is a method of detecting the presence of a fumonisin or fumonisin analog contamination in a sample from a food or feed comprising detecting a reaction of the metabolic pathway of sphingolipids, the presence of the reaction indicating the presence of a fumonisin or fumonisin analog contamination. Furthermore, novel fumonisin analogs and compositions comprising fumonisins and fumonisin analogs are provided.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of 1,5-dideoxy-1,5-imino hexitols of a hexose sugars from novel hydroxyl protected oxime intermediates. The process includes formation of a lactam which is reduced to the hexitol. The hexitols are useful as drugs.

Abstract: A pharmaceutical product which comprises admixed or separately packaged (A) L-Carnitine or an alkanoyl L-canitine and (B) a trihydroxy- or tetrahydroxystilbene such as resveratrol is useful for the prevention and treatment of pathological neuronal or cerebral disorders.

Abstract: Non-hygrocopic salts of L-carnitine and of the lower alkanoyl L-carnitines with pamoic acid are described, which are used to prepare solid compositions suitable for oral administration. Solid compositions containing such salts are also described.

Abstract: A sulfur-containing unsaturated carboxylate compound comprising a sulfur-containing substituent and at least two &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acid residues, which are each attached to a secondary or tertiary carbon atom via an oxygen atom; a polymerizable composition comprising the sulfur-containing unsaturated carboxylate compound; a cured product prepared by polymerizing the polymerizable composition; an optical component consisting of the cured product; and novel intermediate compounds for preparation of the above carboxylate.

Abstract: An improved process for the preparation of non-hygroscopic salts of L(−)-carnitine, in which the characterizing step comprises heating a mixture comprising L(−)-carnitine inner salt and a fumaric acid or tartaric acid.

Abstract: Solid and non hygroscopic salts consisting of lower alkanoyl L-carnitine magnesium citrates are disclosed which are suitable for preparing solid composition useful as dietary/nutritional supplements for human use and as fodder supplement for veterinary purposes.

Abstract: Stable and non hygroscopic salts consisting of lower alkanoyl-L-carnitine magnesium citrates are disclosed which are suitable for preparing solid compositions useful as dietary/nutritional supplements for human use and as fodder supplement for veterinary purposes.

Abstract: A process for the production of simvastatin and its analogues that is efficient, economical and convenient involves the use of hydroxyl protected intermediates of formula (III) or (VII). These intermediates allow for direct alkylation of the butyrate side chain followed by deprotection and reformation of the lactone ring. R1 is hydrogen or methyl; R2 represents a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain; R3 and R4 each independently represent an alkyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cyclic ether group, or a cyclic thioether group; and R5 and R6 each independently represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an ether group.

Abstract: The present invention provides blockers for glutamate transporters. During a series of syntheses searching for glutamate uptake inhibition in Xenopus oocytes injected with bovine glutamate transporter genes (BGLAST), we obtained .beta.-hydroxyaspartic acid derivatives of the following chemical formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R represents an aromatic acyl group which may be substituted on the ring, a straight or branched lower aliphatic acyl group, an aryl group which may be substituted on the ring, an aralkyl group which may be substituted on the ring, or a straight or branched lower alkyl group; and salts thereof. These compounds are blockers of glutamate transporters, which are useful for the understanding of the function of glutamate transporters and show promise for the treatment of various neurodegenerative diseases.

Abstract: A process for the production of simvastatin and its analogues that is efficient, economical and convenient involves the use of hydroxyl protected intermediates of formula (III) or (VII). These intermediates allow for direct alkylation of the butyrate side chain followed by deprotection and reformation of the lactone ring. R.sup.1 is hydrogen or methyl; R.sup.2 represents a straight or branched chain alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a cycloalkyl group having 3 to 7 carbon atoms, or an aralkyl group having 1 to 6 carbon atoms in the alkyl chain; R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 each independently represent an alkyl group, an ether group, a thioether group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkenyl group, a cyclic ether group, or a cyclic thioether group; and R.sup.5 and R.sup.6 each independently represent hydrogen, an alkyl group, an aryl group, an aralkyl group, an alkoxy group, or an ether group.

Abstract: Stable and non-hygroscopic salts consisting of L-carnitine or alkanoyl-L-carnitine choline tartrate are disclosed. The salts are suitable for preparing solid compositions useful as dietary/nutritional supplements for human use and as fodder supplement for veterinary purposes.

Abstract: Stable, non-hygroscopic salts of L(-)carnitine and alkanoyl L(-)carnitines with mucic acid of formula (I) are disclosed wherein the molar ratio between the carnitine moiety and mucic acid is 2:1. A process for producing the salts and solid orally administrable compositions containing same are also disclosed.

Abstract: Mesogens are provided based on substituted unsaturated carboxylic acids such as acrylic and methacrylic acid. Substitution of a variety of hydrophobic tails onto the carboxylic acid or acid derivative via the vinyl carbon proximal to the carbonyl of the carboxylic acid results in mesogens that are capable of forming thermotropic and single-phase lyotropic mesophases over a broad range of compositions. The mesophases can be polymerized to lock in the ordered phases.

Abstract: A process of protecting a 1,2- or 1,3-aminoalcohol for reductive amination coupling is provided. The alcohol is protected with trimethylsilyl chloride. Trimethylsilyl protected norepinephrine derivatives useful in the preparation of arbutamine are also provided.

Abstract: The present invention relates to an amine compound represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 represent individually a linear or branched C.sub.1 -C.sub.24 alkyl or alkenyl group which may be substituted by a hydroxyl group, X.sup.1 represents a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene or alkenylene group which may be substituted by a hydroxyl, sulfonic or carboxyl group, Y.sup.1 represents a carboxyl or sulfonic group, or a sulfuric acid residue, Y.sup.2 represents a hydroxyl group, a sulfuric acid residue or a group --OCO--X.sup.1 --COOH, Z represents a sulfoalkyl group or a group obtained by removing an amino group from an amino acid or a salt thereof, and n represents a number of 0 or 1, or a salt or quaternized product thereof, an intermediate useful for the preparation thereof, and detergent compositions containing such an amine compound.

Abstract: A liquid, pourable 100% active rheological additive especially useful for thickening organic compositions which in one aspect comprises an active hydrogen containing compound such as a polyol, one or more polycarboxylic acids or isocynanates, and a functional chain ending unit. The additive, which exists in a pourable, pumpable form at up to a 100% as a rheologically active composition, exhibits excellent thickening efficiency for systems including inks, epoxies, polyesters, paints, greases and other systems, including ease of dispersibility, without adversely affecting gloss. The additive may operate by both an associative and a reaction mechanism to provide rheological viscosity properties to such systems, and is also similarly useful for aqueous systems.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a 2-hydroxypropanediamine derivative represented by the following general formula (1): ##STR1## wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 mean individually a linear or branched C.sub.6 -C.sub.36 alkyl or alkenyl group, X denotes a C.sub.1 -C.sub.6 alkylene or alkenylene group which may be substituted by at least one hydroxyl, sulfonic or carboxyl group and has 1-6 carbon atoms, y.sup.1 is a sulfonic group, a sulfuric acid residue or a carboxyl group, y.sup.2 means a hydroxyl group, a sulfuric acid residue or ##STR2## and n stands for 0 or 1, or a salt or quaternized product thereof, and a detergent composition containing such a compound. This compound is low in irritativeness to the skin and hair and excellent in foamability, and can give a pleasant feeling to the user's skin and the like.

Abstract: Compounds having the formulaH--A--(BA).sub.n --OHwhereinn is 1-20;A is ##STR1## B is ##STR2## R.sub.1 is alkyl having 1-6 carbon atoms; R.sub.2 is an alkylene having 1-6 carbon atoms, alkenylene having 2-6 carbon atoms, cyclo-alkylene or cycloalkenylene having 5-8 carbon atoms or phenylene having 6-10 carbon atoms;a is 1-6; andb is 2-6.These compounds are useful for making polyurethanes.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of .epsilon.-caprolactam and .epsilon.-caprolactam precursors, starting from the corresponding 5-formylvalerate ester, ammonia and hydrogen in the presence of a hydrogenation catalyst is disclosed, wherein in a step (a) 5-formylvalerate ester is reacted with ammonia under non-hydrogenating conditions, and in a step (b) the reaction product obtained in step (a) is converted to .epsilon.-caprolactam and the .epsilon.-caprolactam precursor(s) under hydrogenating conditions, in the presence of ammonia.

Abstract: A quaternary ammonium halide is prepared by reacting a substituted or unsubstituted haloalkane with a tert-amine in a mol ratio not higher than 1.1/1 in the absence of a solvent and at a temperature such as to maintain the reaction mixture liquid.

Abstract: The invention relates to comb polymers based on olefin copolymer macromonomers. Preferred comb polymers are copolymers of optionally hydrogenated olefin copolymer macromonomers of formula I ##STR1## wherein R' is hydrogen or methylR.sub.1 is the organic residue of a lithium-organic compound,[A] is a segment formed by 1,4-addition of butadiene potentially substituted with a C1-C6 alkyl residue[A'] is a segment formed by vinyl addition of butadiene potentially substituted with a C1-C6 alkyl residueand n+m stands for an integer of from 7 to 3,000, with (meth)acrylic ester monomers of formula II ##STR2## wherein R' is hydrogen or methyl, andR.sub.2 is an alkyl residue with 1 to 26 carbon atoms.

Abstract: A liquid, pourable rheological additive expecially useful for thickening liquid organic compositions which comprises the reaction product of a defined polyalkoxylated nitrogen-containing compound, polycarboxylic acid and a liquid diamine. The additive, which exists in a pourable, pumpable form at up to a 100% rheologically active composition, exhibits excellent thickening efficiency for systems including inks, epoxies, polyesters, paints, greases and other systems, including ease of dispersibility, without adversely affecting gloss. The additive operates by both an associative and a reaction mechanism to provide rheological viscosity properties to such systems, and is also similarly useful for aqueous systems.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of altering the metabolism of sphingolipids in a cell comprising contacting the cell with a fumonisin, or an analog thereof. The invention also provides a method of detecting the consumption of a fumonisin or a fumonisin analog in a subject comprising (A) detecting, in a sample from the subject, the state of the metabolic pathway of sphingolipids and (B) comparing the state of the metabolic pathway to that of a normal subject, the presence of a change in the state of the metabolic pathway indicating the consumption of a fumonisin or a fumonisin analog. Also provided is a method of detecting the presence of a fumonisin or fumonisin analog contamination in a sample from a food or feed comprising detecting a reaction of the metabolic pathway of sphingolipids, the presence of the reaction indicating the presence of a fumonisin or fumonisin analog contamination. Furthermore, novel fumonisin analogs and compositions comprising fumonisins and fumonisin analogs are provided.

Abstract: A liquid, pourable rheological additive especially useful for thickening organic and solvent-based compositions which in one aspect comprises an alkoxylated nitrogen-containing compound, polycarboxylic acid, and a functional chain ending unit. The additive, which exists in a pourable, pumpable form at up to a 100% rheologically active composition, exhibits excellent thickening efficiency for systems including inks, epoxies, polyesters, paints, greases and other systems, including ease of dispersibility, without adversely affecting gloss. The additive operates by both an associative and a reaction mechanism to provide rheological viscosity properties to such systems, and is also similarly useful for aqueous systems.

Abstract: Novel fabric conditioning agents which contain either an ester or a NH link between a glyceric carboxyl group and a quaternary ammonium group are described. The compounds based on glyceric acid are both effective fabric conditioners and biodegradable, and may be formulated in any conventional physical form to form a fabric conditioning composition. A method of using the composition is also described.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention is a process for the biocatalytic synthesis of optically pure sphingosines from achiral starting material. The stereoisomers of sphingosine are prepared from chiral arene diols using stereospecific reaction techniques to obtain the desired sphingosine or derivative thereof.

Abstract: A composition for use in the papermaking process to produce a paper having enhanced opaqueness is provided. The process using the composition to make the paper and the paper made therefrom are also provided by the present invention. The composition employs a reaction product of dimerized acid and alkanol amine, wherein the composition further includes a surfactant. To speed the production of the composition, a viscosity controlling agent, such as sodium chloride or sodium acetate, may be added thereto. The composition is added to pulp slurry during the papermaking process, and a paper made therefrom exhibits excellent qualities of opaqueness.

Abstract: Provided by the present invention is a process for the biocatalytic synthesis of optically pure sphingosines from achiral starting material. The stereoisomers of sphingosine are prepared from chiral arene diols using stereospecific reaction techniques to obtain the desired sphingosine or derivative thereof.

Abstract: Friction modifier additives useful in power transmission compositions, particularly automatic transmission fluids, is disclosed. The additive comprises Component-1 alone formed by condensing a polyamine, such as tetraethylene pentamine, with an aliphatic mono acid, such as isostearic acid, or a mixture, and/or salt, of Component-1 and a Component-2 wherein Component-2 is an acid ester formed by reacting a heterodialkanol such as thiobisethanol and a hydrocarbyl substituted dicarboxylic acid or anhydride, such as octadecenyl succinic anhydride.

Abstract: A homopolymer or a copolymer comprises a polymerizable compound represented by formula (I):A--X--COCOOR.sub.1 (I)wherein R.sub.1 represents a hydrogen atom, a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group or an aryl group; X represents an oxygen atom, a sulfur atom, --COO-- or --NR.sub.5 -- wherein R.sub.5 is a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; A represents a C.sub.3 -C.sub.18 alkenyl, alkynyl, alkenylaryl or alkenylaralkyl group, or a group represented by: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.2 and R.sub.3, which may be the same or different, independently represent a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; Y represents an oxygen atom or --NR.sub.4 -- wherein R.sub.4 represents a hydrogen atom or a C.sub.1 -C.sub.5 alkyl group; n is an integer of 1 to 5; m is an integer of 1 to 10; and 1 is 0 or an integer of 1 to 20;with the proviso that if Y is present, X is not --NR.sub.5 --. Additionally, disclosed are processes of preparing the homopolymer or copolymer as well as the polymerizable compound.

Abstract: The demands on the properties of pigments, in particular in the areas of emulsion paints and printing inks, which are continuously becoming more specific made it necessary to develop selective and environmentally safe dispersing and emulsifying agents and coupling auxiliaries.The compounds according to the invention are alkoxylation products prepared from fatty amine dialkylenediamines which, if desired, are linked to give recurring structural units by means of esterification with dicarboxylic acids and in which, preferably, the hydroxyl end groups of these fatty amine alkylenediamine alkoxylates have been esterified with fatty acids, aromatic carboxylic acids and/or resin acids and any hydroxyl groups still present have been converted to the corresponding mono-ester-containing anionic radicals by means of dicarboxylic acids and sulfites.

Abstract: A process for making unsaturated .alpha.-amines from olefins wherein the process includes adding an aminating agent, an olefin and a molybdenum based catalyst to a reaction vessel having a nitrogen atmosphere. The catalyst may be described by the general formula LL'MoO.sub.2, L.sub.2 L'MoO.sub.2, or LL'MoO(X--Y).

Abstract: According to the invention, oxyalkylates of aliphatic or cyclic, primarily primary diamines or polyamines, or block polymers (having recurring structural units of the abovementioned oxyalkylate type) produced by prior linking of such oxyalkylates with dicarboxylic acids, are converted into novel substances which are suitable for a very wide variety of areas of application in the field of interface-active agents and can be employed, for example, in the preparation of azo pigments to improve the coloristic properties, by esterification of the terminal hydroxyl group in these aminoxyalkylates using fatty acids or aromatic carboxylic acids and/or resin acids, and, if appropriate, subsequent reaction of free hydroxyl groups which are still present with dicarboxylic acids and sulfite to form the corresponding monoester (containing anionic radicals).

Abstract: A process for making unsaturated .alpha.-amines from olefins wherein the process includes adding an aminating agent, an olefin and a molybdenum based catalyst to a reaction vessel having a nitrogen atmosphere. The catalyst may be described by the general formula LL'MoO.sub.2, L.sub.2 L'MoO.sub.2, or LL'MoO(X-Y).

Abstract: A multifunctional antiwear and antioxidant lubricant additive is the reaction product of a diacyl halide, a source of phosphorus or a source of phosphorus and an aryl amine. The diacyl halide is derived from a hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydride, suitably dodecenyl succinic anhydride, an alkoxylated amine and an inorganic acid halide, suitably thionyl chloride. A suitable source of phosphorus is dibutyl phosphite or bis(nonylphenyl)phosphite. A suitable aryl amine is N-octylphenyl-1-naphthylamine.

Abstract: A method of preparing carboxylic acids or esters thereof by the oxidative cleavage of unsaturated fatty acids or esters thereof is carried out in a two-phase aqueous-organic system in which the organic phase contains the unsaturated fatty acid and/or the esters thereof and the aqueous phase contains hydrogen peroxide. The oxidative cleavage is carried out in the presence of a catalytic system including a catalyst belonging to the group constituted by tungstic and molybdic acids and alkaline salts thereof, and an onium salt which acts as a phase-transfer agent for the catalyst, and has the formula:(R.sub.2 R.sub.3 R.sub.4 R.sub.5 M).sup.+ Y.sup.-in which R.sub.2, R.sub.3, R.sub.4 and R.sub.5 represent hydrocarbon groups of which at least one must have more than 10 carbon atoms,M is N or P, andY.sup.- is an inorganic anion.

Abstract: The present invention provides for a novel salt composition comprising: (A) at least one salt moiety derived from (A)(I) at least one high-molecular weight hydrocarbyl-substituted polycarboxylic acylating agent, said hydrocarbyl-substituent of said acylating agent (A)(I) having a number average molecular weight of at least about 280, and (A)(II) one or more members selected from the group consisting of ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound; (B) at least one salt moiety derived from (B)(I) at least one low-molecular weight polycarboxylic acylating agent, said acylating agent (B)(I) optionally having at least one hydrocarbyl substituent having up to about 18 carbon atoms, and (B)(II) one or more members selected from the group consisting of ammonia, at least one amine, at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal, and at least one alkali or alkaline earth metal compound; said moieties (A) and (B) being coupled together b

Abstract: The invention relates to new N-alkyl-N-(meth)acryloyloxyalkylcarboxamides of aromatic carboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acid anhydrides, their preparation and formulations of these compounds for use as adhesives for the treatment of dental hard substance.

Abstract: The invention relates to new N-alkyl-N-(meth)acryloyloxyalkylcarboxamides of aromatic carboxylic acids and aromatic carboxylic acid anhydrides, their preparation and formulations of these compounds for use as adhesives for the treatment of dental hard substance.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of altering the metabolism of sphingolipids in a cell comprising contacting the cell with a fumonisin, or an analog thereof. The invention also provides a method of detecting the consumption of a fumonisin or a fumonisin analog in a subject comprising (A) detecting, in a sample from the subject, the state of the metabolic pathway of sphingolipids and (B) comparing the state of the metabolic pathway to that of a normal subject, the presence of a change in the state of the metabolic pathway indicating the consumption of a fumonisin or a fumonisin analog. Also provided is a method of detecting the presence of a fumonisin or fumonisin analog contamination in a sample from a food or feed comprising detecting a reaction of the metabolic pathway of sphingolipids, the presence of the reaction indicating the presence of a fumonisin or fumonisin analog contamination. Furthermore, novel fumonisin analogs and compositions comprising fumonisins and fumonisin analogs are provided.

Abstract: The present invention provides new allyl esters of the general formula:X--CH.sub.2 --CR.sup.1 .dbd.CR.sup.2 --CO--Y--R.sup.3 --A (I)wherein R.sup.1 and R.sup.2, which can be the same or different, are hydrn or halogen atoms or alkyl or aryl radicals, R.sup.3 is a linking grouping (spacer), X is an acyloxy radical in which acyl in the acyloxy radical is the residue of an aliphatic carboxylic acid or is the radical RCO-- in which R is an organic radical, Y is an oxygen or sulphur atom or especially an --NH-- group and A is a grouping which can react with a solid carrier material F, which contains appropriate functional groups B, either after selective deblocking or directly, whereby A and B are atom groupings which react with one another with condensation and/or addition and formation of a linkage between the solid carrier material and the radical X--CH.sub.2 --CR.sup.1 .dbd.CR.sup.2 --CO--Y--R.sup.3 --.The present invention also provides processes for the preparation of these new allyl esters.

Abstract: Preparation of succinylcholine halides of formula I: ##STR1## by reacting dialkyl succinates with an excess dimethylaminoethanol in the presence of an alkali metal alcoholate or alkali metal amide catalyst and then reacting the resulting bis(2-dimethylaminoethyl) succinates with methyl halides.