Abstract: The disclosure relates to polymers including one or more 1,1-disubstitued alkene monomers. By employing a plurality of monomers and/or tailored chain structure, polymers having improved combinations of properties are achieved. The polymer may be a copolymer, preferably including two or more 1,1-disubstituted alkene monomers. The polymer may be a homopolymer having a tailored chain structure.

Abstract: Curable compositions containing a compound comprising a conjugated diene group and a 1,1-di-activated vinyl compound are described. The curable compositions can cure by pericyclic reaction mechanisms.

Abstract: An improvement in the production of methylidene malonates is attained by use of specific reaction phase and/or separation phase polymerization inhibitors and combinations thereof.

Abstract: An improvement in the production of 1,1-disubstituted ethylenes is attained by contacting a 1,1-disubstituted ethylene with alumina and separating the alumina to obtain a 1,1-disubstituted ethylene with a good combination of cost, purity, shelf life and cure rate.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of methylidene malonates is attained by use of select iminium salt reactants.

Abstract: The invention relates to compounds of the formula (I) or (II), to compositions which comprise such compounds, to corresponding processes for the preparation of the compounds or the compositions comprising same, and to the use thereof as light-protection filters.

Abstract: Novel improved processes for the production and isolation of methylidene malonates via direct and indirect adduct processes.

Abstract: An embodiment of the invention relates to a spindle motor of a magnetic recording storage device, the spindle motor comprising a fluid dynamic bearing comprising a lubricant comprising di-2-ethyl hexyl pimelate, di-2-ethyl hexyl suberate, or combinations thereof.

Abstract: The present invention relates to novel hydroxyl compounds, compositions comprising hydroxyl compounds, and methods useful for treating and preventing a variety of diseases and conditions such as, but not limited to aging, Alzheimer's Disease, cancer, cardiovascular disease, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic retinopathy, a disorder of glucose metabolism, dyslipidemia, dyslipoproteinemia, hypertension, impotence, inflammation, insulin resistance, lipid elimination in bile, obesity, oxysterol elimination in bile, pancreatitis, pancreatitius, Parkinson's disease, a peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-associated disorder, phospholipid elimination in bile, renal disease, septicemia, metabolic syndrome disorders (e.g., Syndrome X), thrombotic disorder. Compounds and methods of the invention can also be used to modulate C reactive protein or enhance bile production in a patient.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkynecarboxylic acids includes the oxidation of an alkyne alcohol with a hypohalite in the presence of a nitroxyl compound at a pH of greater than 7 with continual addition of the alkyne alcohol and of the hypohalite to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: The present invention is directed to a process for the synthesis of monoalkylated C—H acidic methylene group-containing compounds, such as malonic esters, and malonic ester nitriles.

Abstract: In accordance with the present invention, there are provided gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof. When cured, thermosets comprising invention gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof have thermally and/or chemically labile gem-diester groups interspersed throughout the crosslinked network. Thus, thermosets based on invention gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof can be easily reworked thermally or chemically by treatment with dilute acidic or basic solutions. Further provided by the present invention are adhesive compositions comprising invention gem-diesters and epoxidized derivatives thereof.

Abstract: An ester of an &agr;,&bgr;-unsaturated carboxylic acid is prepared by reacting the carboxylic acid with a C6-C12-alkanol, cyclopentanol or cyclohexanol in the presence of an acidic esterification catalyst and of an entraining agent for removing the water of reaction formed in the esterification, by a process in which the entraining agent used is the olefin on which the alkanol is based.

Abstract: A subject of the present invention is new 6,6′-bis-(1-phosphanorbornadiene) diphosphines, their preparation process and their use in asymmetrical catalysis.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for forming a carboxylic benzyl ester comprising reacting a dibenzyl ether with a carboxylic acid in the presence of a heteropolyacid and forming a carboxylic acid benzyl ester.

Abstract: Complexes of a selected class of chiral ligands with molybdenum, tungsten or chromium, preferably molybdenum, are effective as catalysts in highly enantioselective and regioselective alkylation of allylic substrates.

Abstract: Ferrocene anchored chiral ligands and metal complexes based on such chiral ligands useful in asymmetric catalysis are disclosed. The metal complexes according to the present invention are useful as catalysts in asymmetric reactions, such as, hydrogenation, hydride transfer, allylic alkylation, hydrosilylation, hydroboration, hydrovinylation, hydroformylation, olefin metathesis, hydrocarboxylation, isomerization, cyclopropanation, Diels-Alder reaction, Heck reaction, isomerization, Aldol reaction, Michael addition; epoxidation, kinetic resolution and [m+n] cycloaddition. The new ligands are effective for asymmetric Pd-catalyzed allylic alkylation reactions and Ag-catalyzed [3+2] cyclization of azomethine ylides.

Abstract: 1,1-cyclopropanedicarboxylic diesters are prepared from malonic diesters, 1,2-dihaloethane and alkali metal carbonate in the presence of a mixture of available or in situ-produced phase transfer catalyst and polyalkylene glycol or derivatives thereof which are capped at one or both ends, in particular those with ether end groups, where the molar ratio of malonic diester: 1,2-dihaloethane: alkali metal carbonate is 1:(1 to 7):(1 to 1.4).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 2-methyl-1,3-dicarboxylate by reaction of a 1,3-dicarboxylate with formaldehyde and hydrogen, where, based on 1 mol of dicarboxylate, from 1.0 to 2.0 mol of formaldehyde are used, and either the reaction mixture or 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dicarboxylate isolated therefrom as by-product are subjected to thermolysis at temperatures of from 50° C. to 300° C.

Abstract: Malonic esters of the general formula where R is C1-10-alkyl, C3-10-alkenyl or aryl-C1-4-alkyl, are prepared by reacting an alkali metal salt of malonic acid with a halide of the general formula R—X (II), where R is as defined above and X is chlorine, bromine or iodine, in the presence of water and a phase-transfer catalyst.

Abstract: A process for preparing a tert-alkyl carboxylic acid ester represented by the formula (III): wherein R1 is an organic group; and each of R2 and R3 is independently an alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, comprising reacting a carboxylic acid represented by the formula (I): R1—COOH  (I) wherein R1 is as defined above, with a vinylidene compound represented by the formula (II): wherein R2 and R3 are as defined above, in the presence of a phosphorus halide. The tert-alkyl carboxylic acid ester can be used as intermediates for pharmaceuticals such as antibiotics.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a 2-methyl-1,3-dicarboxylate by reaction of a 1,3-dicarboxylate with formaldehyde and hydrogen, where, based on 1 mol of dicarboxylate, from 1.0 to 2.0 mol of formaldehyde are used, and either the reaction mixture or 2-hydroxymethyl-2-methyl-1,3-dicarboxylate isolated therefrom as by-product are subjected to thermolysis at temperatures of from 50° C. to 300° C.

Abstract: The invention relates to a composition and procedure for manipulating the behavior of the orange wheat blossom midge, Sitodiplosis mosellana. More importantly, this invention relates to the preparation and use of 2,7-nonanediyl dibutyrate or stereoisomers thereof for manipulating the behavior of S. mosellana.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for preparing esters or thioesters of trifluoroacetic acid from trifluoroacetyl chloride and an alcohol or a thiol with the ester or thioester being present as the solvent. Esters and thioesters of trifluoroacetic acid are fine chemical intermediates which can be used in the manufacture of pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, liquid crystals, dyes and industrial chemicals. Trifluoroacetate esters and thioesters can also be used as solvents in the manufacture of other fine chemicals, pharmaceuticals, agricultural chemicals, liquid crystals, industrial chemicals and dyes.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the C-alkylation of dialkyl malonates, in which a dialkyl malonate is reacted with an alkyl halide in the presence of potassium carbonate as a hydrogen halide acceptor in an inert solvent, and a phase-transfer catalyst is not added until from 50 to 80% of the dialkyl malonate has reacted. The phase-transfer catalyst may be, for example, a tetraalkylammonium salt or a tetraalkylammonium hydroxide, a tetraalkylphosphonium salt or a tetraalkylphosphonium hydroxide or a crown ether.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for the preparation of aralkylated aromatic compound with both small and large size aralkylating agents; wherein the catalyst used is heterogeneous solid catalyst removable from the reaction products by simple filtration, thus allowing the separated catalyst to be reused in the process. The catalyst is selected from micro or mesoporous gallosilicates and galloaluminosilicates, having structure similar to that of zeolites known in the prior art.

Abstract: A method for preparation of a dicarbonyl compound of the following formula ##STR1## by reacting a conjugated alkadiene compound of the formula ##STR2## with a 1,3-dicarbonyl compound of the formula ##STR3## in the presence of an acid catalyst. The products of the method are useful in the preparation of compounds such as vitamins A and E, various carotenoids, Retin A, dehydrolinalool, pseudoionone, citral, and linalool.

Abstract: Methyl compounds are prepared from carbon acids by reaction with dimethyl carbonate in the presence of a nitrogen-containing base.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing linear alpha, omega difunctional molecules by a process which comprises isomerizing olefins having at least one terminal functional group to form a mixture of functionalized olefinic isomers and metathesizing said functionalized olefinic isomers to produce a mixture of difunctional molecules and internal olefins.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for metathesizing an olefin having at least one terminal functional group which comprises contacting said olefin at metathesis conditions with a catalyst comprising: (a) a transition metal selected from tungsten, molybdenum and rhenium, (b) an organometallic compound based on an element selected from aluminum, tin, lead, magnesium and titanium, and (c) an oxophilic agent having a metal-oxygen bond strength greater than the metal-oxygen bond strength of said transition metal.

Abstract: A continuous process for the alkylation of CH-acid compounds with dialkyl carbonates in gas-liquid phase transfer catalysis conditions is described, consisting of contacting a mixture of a CH-acid compound (arylacetonitrile or malonic diester) and of a dialkylcarbonate, optionally added with an inert carrier (constituted by a polar or aprotic polar liquid or by a gas), with a catalytic bed comprising alumina spheres carrying a base and a phase transfer catalyst.

Abstract: Alkylidene compounds and arylidene compounds are prepared by reacting the corresponding CH-acidic compounds with carbonyl compounds in the presence of a catalyst comprising a metal compound of a metal of Groups IIA, IIIA, IVA, IB, IIB, VIB, VIIB, or VIIIB of the periodic table of elements. The rate of reaction is increased by adding 1 to 40% water referred to the weight of catalyst used.

Abstract: Substituted vinylcyclopropane carboxylates, useful precursors to pyrethroid insecticides, are prepared by noble metal catalyzed addition of 1-methyl-3-buten-2-yl or 4-methyl-3-penten-1-yl carbonates or carboxylic acid esters to malonic acid diesters, alkyl acetates or alkyl cyanoacetates.

Abstract: Mono-substituted terminal diesters of malonic acid are prepared by reaction of the corresponding substituted 1,2-diesters with alkali metal hydride in the presence of organic solvent medium.

Abstract: A continuous process for the preparation in at least one esterification reactor of phthalate diesters utilizing phthalic acid or anhydride and a stoichiometric excess of at least one saturated aliphatic alcohol containing about 4 to about 10 carbon atoms comprises (a) reaction of phthalic acid or anhydride with said alcohol in a reactor zone, (b) purification of the diester in a purification zone in which the reaction product is neutralized with an alkali metal hydroxide, i.e., sodium hydroxide, to separate the diester and the unreacted phthalic acid or anhydride together with said saturated alcohol utilized in the reaction, said reaction product is separated into an organic phase and an aqueous waste phase.

Abstract: An improved process for preparing oil-soluble derivatives of unsaturated C.sub.4 -C.sub.10 dicarboxylic acid materials, e.g. the product of the reaction of polyisobutylene and maleic anhydride, under Ene reaction conditions characterized in that said Ene reaction is conducted under acidic conditions as by conducting said reaction in the presence of from 0.01 to 5 wt. %, based on total weight of the reactants, of an oil-soluble strong organic acid containing a hydrogen dissociating moiety which has a pK of less than about 4.0, as exemplified by a C.sub.15 to C.sub.76 hydrocarbyl-substituted sulfonic acid, whereby sediment resulting from said Ene reaction is markedly reduced to less than 1 wt. %.

Abstract: A compound having the formulaR -- SO.sub.2 O -- CH.sub.2 -- O -- CH.sub.2 -- OSO.sub.2 -- Rwherein R is alkyl, is prepared by reacting a compound having the formula ##STR1## wherein R and R' are alkyl with a cyclic polyoxymethylene or a linear polyoxymethylene in a substantially humidity-free environment. The compound is useful as an oxydimethylating agent for organic compounds.

Abstract: Compositions are provided as well as methods for preparing the compositions which serve as cyclization precursors for the preparation of C-11 alkenyl substituted steroids and nor-steroids. The alkenyl group may be converted after cyclization to a variety of heterosubstituents to provide heterofunctionalized C-11 steroids and nor-steroids. The compounds are provided having an initiator group, which has a chalcoxy atom in juxtaposition to a double bond, an olefinically unsaturated linking group and a terminating group which acts to from a carbocation which reacts with a nucleophile to provide a stable product. The C-11 substituent is found to provide upon cyclization the alpha-configuration, so that the subject compounds provide a direct route to the difficultly accessible alpha-C-11 substituted steroids, or, if desired, the alpha-configuration can be inverted to the beta-configuration.