Abstract: Methacrolein is prepared in a continuous process by a Mannich condensation reaction of formaldehyde with propanal. A methacrolein polymerization inhibitor is introduced during the production process and a part thereof is recycled back into the reactor where the Mannich condensation reaction is carried out.

Abstract: A method for preparing a purified styrene composition is provided. The method includes providing a crude composition and subjecting the crude composition to at least one crystallization step. The crude composition contains 70% by weight or more styrene based on the total weight of the crude composition. The at least one crystallization step comprises at least one of a static crystallization stage and a dynamic crystallization stage. The crude composition contains at least one impurity selected from the group consisting of: color inducing species, oxygenates, sulfur species, alpha-methylstyrene, and mixtures thereof.

Abstract: A method for preparing a purified styrene composition with a styrene yield of at least 80%. The method comprises providing a crude composition containing styrene, and subjecting the crude composition to at least one crystallization step. The at least one crystallization step comprises at least one static crystallization stage and at least one dynamic crystallization stage.

Abstract: A heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support and gold, wherein: (i) said support comprises alumina, (ii) said catalyst comprises from 0.1 to 5 wt % of gold, (iii) at least 90 wt % of the gold is in the outer 60% of catalyst volume, and (iv) particles of the catalyst have an average diameter from 200 microns to 30 mm; wherein weight percentages are based on weight of the catalyst.

Abstract: A novel process can be used for purifying methyl methacrylate (MMA) contaminated with low-boiling components by distillation, where the process involves producing MMA by oxidative esterification, and a crude product containing methyl propionate (MP), methyl isobutyrate (MIB), and methacrolein (MAL) as low-boiling components. The process is compatible with MMA produced from C2-based methacrolein containing the low-boiling components specified.

Abstract: A heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support and a noble metal, wherein said support comprises silicon, and wherein said catalyst comprises from 0.1 to 40 mol % titanium and from 0.1 to 10 mol % of at least one noble metal.

Abstract: The invention relates to an oligomerization catalyst comprising nickel oxide and silica-alumina support material and to a process for oligomerization of C3- to C6-olefins using the oligomerization catalyst.

Abstract: A method for preparing methyl methacrylate from methacrolein and methanol; said method comprising contacting in a reactor a mixture comprising methacrolein, methanol and oxygen with a catalyst bed of heterogeneous catalyst comprising a support and a noble metal, wherein mass transfer rate of oxygen in hour?1 divided by space-time yield in moles methyl methacrylate/kg·catalyst hour in the catalyst bed is at least 20.

Abstract: The subject of the invention is a process for recovering/purifying a C1-C4 (meth)acrylic ester from a crude reaction mixture comprising said ester, the process being carried out using a purification system comprising a divided wall column and a decanter, resulting in a simplification of the process and in a high productivity of the ester produced corresponding to the standards in terms of purity. The invention also relates to a process for producing C1-C4 (meth)acrylic ester comprising this recovery/purification process.

Abstract: A process for removing water from an oxidative esterification reactor includes (a) conducting an oxidative esterification reaction in a reactor; (b) removing a crude product stream from the reactor; (c) passing a first portion of the crude product stream directly to a product recovery zone; (d) introducing a second portion of the crude product stream to a distillation column to generate a column overheads stream and a column bottoms stream; (e) passing at least a portion of the columns bottoms stream to the product recovery zone; and (f) recycling a recycle stream comprising at least a portion of the overheads stream to the reactor; wherein the recycle stream contains less than 1 weight percent (wt %) water based on the total weight of the recycle stream, wherein the weight ratio of the first portion to the second portion is at least 1:10, and wherein the amount of the recycle stream recycled to the reactor is such that the reactor contains less than or equal to 2.

Abstract: This disclosure relates to a method for continuous recovery of (meth)acrylic acid and an apparatus used for the recovery method. The method of continuous recovery of (meth)acrylic acid according to the present invention may remarkably reduce the amount of extraction solvent used and energy consumption of the total process, and minimize polymerization of (meth)acrylic acid in the recovery process, thus enabling stable recovery of (meth)acrylic acid and operation of a continuous process.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing methyl methacrylate by a direct oxidative esterification of methacrolein with oxygen and methanol, which is conducted in the liquid phase at a pressure of 2 to 100 bar with a gold catalyst. According to the invention, the liquid phase is withdrawn continuously from the reactor and optionally enriched with oxygenous gas, the pH, after the withdrawal, is adjusted to a pH between 5 and 9 by means of addition of a basic solution and this liquid phase is conducted back into the reactor again to an extent of at least 50%.

Abstract: A silica-based material comprising: silicon; aluminum; at least one fourth period element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and zinc; and at least one basic element selected from the group consisting of alkali metal elements, alkali earth metal elements and rare earth elements, wherein the silica-based material comprises 42 to 90 mol % of the silicon, 3 to 38 mol % of the aluminum, 0.5 to 20 mol % of the fourth period element and 2 to 38 mol % of the basic element, based on a total mole of the silicon, the aluminum, the fourth period element and the basic element.

Abstract: A silica-based material comprising: silicon; aluminum; at least one fourth period element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and zinc; and at least one basic element selected from the group consisting of alkali metal elements, alkali earth metal elements and rare earth elements, wherein the silica-based material comprises 42 to 90 mol % of the silicon, 3 to 38 mol % of the aluminum, 0.5 to 20 mol % of the fourth period element and 2 to 38 mol % of the basic element, based on a total mole of the silicon, the aluminum, the fourth period element and the basic element.

Abstract: To produce a silica-supported catalyst having an excellent yield of a target product and excellent catalyst attrition resistance. A method for producing a silica-supported catalyst comprising Mo, V, Nb, and a component X (Sb and/or Te) to be used in a vapor phase catalytic oxidation or ammoxidation of propane, comprising the steps of: (I) preparing a raw material mixture solution by mixing Mo, V, Nb, component X, a silica sol, and water; (II) obtaining a dry powder by drying the raw material mixture solution; and (III) obtaining a silica-supported catalyst by calcining the dry powder, wherein the silica sol contains 10 to 270 wt ppm of nitrate ions based on SiO2.

Abstract: Presently disclosed are processes for making acrylic acid and methacrylic acid along with their respective esters, from alkylene glycols such as ethylene glycol and propylene glycol. In particular, biobased acrylic acid and acrylic acid esters, methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters can be made starting with bioderived glycols from the hydrogenolysis of glycerol, sorbitol and the like.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of mercury containing compounds from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of organic, ionic or suspended mercury compounds by first converting these compounds to elemental mercury or to inorganic mercury compounds and then removing them by use of an adsorbent bed.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of oxygen in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of hydrides of arsenic, phosphorus, antimony, silicon, and boron from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of hydrides of arsenic, phosphorus, antimony, silicon, and boron in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of water from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of water in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of sulfur containing compounds from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of sulfur containing compounds in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of carbon dioxide from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of carbon dioxide in the hydrocarbon stream by contacting a stream with a physical or a chemical solvent.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of glycols from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of glycols and in particular, dimethyl ethers of polyethylene glycol in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: Methods and systems are provided for converting methane in a feed stream to acetylene. The method includes removing at least a portion of carbon monoxide from a hydrocarbon stream. The hydrocarbon stream is introduced into a supersonic reactor and pyrolyzed to convert at least a portion of the methane to acetylene. The reactor effluent stream may be treated to convert acetylene to another hydrocarbon process. The method according to certain aspects includes controlling the level of carbon monoxide in the hydrocarbon stream.

Abstract: A silica-based material comprising: silicon; aluminum; at least one fourth period element selected from the group consisting of iron, cobalt, nickel and zinc; and at least one basic element selected from the group consisting of alkali metal elements, alkali earth metal elements and rare earth elements, wherein the silica-based material comprises 42 to 90 mol % of the silicon, 3 to 38 mol % of the aluminum, 0.5 to 20 mol % of the fourth period element and 2 to 38 mol % of the basic element, based on a total mole of the silicon, the aluminum, the fourth period element and the basic element.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for use in production of carboxylic acid ester by reacting (a) aldehyde and alcohol, or (b) one or more types of alcohols, in the presence of oxygen; wherein oxidized nickel and X (wherein X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, gold, silver and copper) are loaded onto a support within the range of the atomic ratio of Ni/(Ni+X) of from 0.20 to 0.99.

Abstract: A supported composite particle material comprises: a composite particle formed of an oxidized nickel and X (wherein X represents at least one of elements selected from the group consisting of nickel, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, gold, silver and copper); and a support on which the composite particle is supported, the supported composite particle material having a supported layer in which the composite particle is localized.

Abstract: Especially physically stable metal oxide catalyst supports are prepared by suspending a metal oxide in a continuous phase, activating by fine dispersion, coagulation to a viscoelastic mass, shaping, drying, and calcining. The catalyst support thus prepared may be treated with catalytic agents to produce supported catalysts for olefin oxidation.

Abstract: A method for producing an ?-acyloxycarbonyl compound of the present invention includes performing an intermolecular reaction between a carboxylic acid and a carbonyl compound selected from the group consisting of ketones, aldehydes, and esters, which have a hydrogen atom at the ?-position, using a hydroperoxide as an oxidizer and an iodide salt as a catalyst precursor, thereby introducing an acyloxy group derived from the carboxylic acid into the ?-position of the carbonyl compound.

Abstract: Provided is an acrylate having a high refractive index, which is represented by Chemical Formula (1) or (2), and a method for preparing the same. Since the acrylate has a refractive index, it may be widely applicable to components of display devices such as prism sheet and may be prepared simply, effectively and economically.

Abstract: The invention relates to methyl methacrylate characterized in that at least one portion of the carbons thereof is biologically sourced and, more specifically, in that it contains between 0.2×10?10 and 1.2×10?10 wt.-% of 14C in relation to total carbon weight according to the ASTM D6866 standard. The preparation method comprises the use of acetone cyanohydrin as a raw material, said acetone cyanohydrin being obtained by condensing cyanohydric acid on acetone, and the methyl methacrylate is prepared using a process involving the addition of methanol. According to the invention, at least one from among the acetone, cyanohydric acid and methanol is obtained by means of a reaction or series of reactions involving the biomass.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of methyl methacrylate by oxidation of methacrolein to methacrylic acid and esterification of the latter with methanol, characterized in that at least one fraction of at least one from among methacrolein and methanol in this reaction was obtained by a reaction or a sequence of reactions starting from biomass.

Abstract: Disclosed is a catalyst for use in production of carboxylic acid ester by reacting (a) aldehyde and alcohol, or (b) one or more types of alcohols, in the presence of oxygen; wherein oxidized nickel and X (wherein X represents at least one element selected from the group consisting of nickel, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, gold, silver and copper) are loaded onto a support within the range of the atomic ratio of Ni/(Ni+X) of from 0.20 to 0.99.

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: A supported composite particle material comprises: a composite particle formed of an oxidized nickel and X (wherein X represents at least one of elements selected from the group consisting of nickel, palladium, platinum, ruthenium, gold, silver and copper); and a support on which the composite particle is supported, the supported composite particle material having a supported layer in which the composite particle is localized.

Abstract: The efficiency of vinyl acetate production is increased by scrubbing of off gas followed by CO2 absorption. A portion of the off gas containing substantial quantities of ethylene is recycled to the process, whereas another portion is employed in another ethylene consuming reaction. Despite not removing non-reactive gases, selectivity and yield based on ethylene are both increased.

Abstract: A shell catalyst for the production of vinyl acetate monomer (VAM), comprising a porous catalyst support based on a natural sheet silicate, in particular based on an acid-treated calcined bentonite, said catalyst support being loaded with Pd and Au and being designed as a shaped body. In order to provide a shell catalyst for the production of VAM, which shell catalyst is characterized by a relatively high VAM selectivity and also a high activity, it is proposed that the catalyst support has a surface area of less than 130 m2/g.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for production of methacrylic acid, to a process for production of methyl methacrylate comprising the process steps a) providing a feed composition comprising at least one C4 feed compound selected from isobutylene and tertiary butanol; b) providing methanol; c) subjecting the at least one C4 feed compound and the methanol to a first catalytic reaction zone to obtain a reaction phase comprising methyl tertiary butyl ether; d) separating at least a first part of methanol from the reaction phase to obtain a first methanol phase and a reaction phase depleted in methanol; e) subjecting at least one of the reaction phase and the reaction phase depleted in methanol to a second catalytic reaction zone to obtain a splitting phase comprising isobutylene and methanol; f) optionally separating at least a first part of isobutylene from the second reaction phase to obtain a first isobutylene phase and a splitting phase depleted in isobutylene; g) optionally subjecting the first isobutyle

Abstract: A catalyst for oxidation of unsaturated and/or saturated aldehyde to unsaturated acids is disclosed where the catalyst including at least molybdenum (Mo), phosphorus (P), vanadium (V), bismuth (Bi), and a first component selected from the group consisting of potassium (K), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs), thallium (Tl), or mixtures or combinations thereof, where the catalyst has at least 57% medium pores and a nitric acid to molybdenum mole ratio of at least 0.5:1 or at least 6.0:1 moles of HNO3 per mole of Mo12. Methods for making and using such catalysts are also disclosed.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for preparation of methacrylic acid, comprising the steps: a) providing a feed composition comprising a main compound selected from isobutylene and tert-butyl alcohol and at least one co-compound selected from the group consisting of methanol, dimethyl ether and formaldehyde; b) subjecting the feed composition provided in step a) with at least a first part of said at least one co-compound to a catalytic reaction zone and obtaining an oxidation phase comprising methyl methacrylate and methacrylic acid.

Abstract: The invention relates to a process for production of at least one C4 oxidation product, comprising the steps: a) providing a feed composition comprising at least two feed compounds selected from tert-butyl alcohol, methyl tert-butyl ether and isobutylene; b) subjecting the feed composition to a catalytic reaction zone comprising at least one oxidation stage and obtaining a reaction phase comprising the C4 oxidation product, to a C4 oxidation product obtainable therefrom, to an apparatus for production of at least one C4 oxidation product, a process carried out in the apparatus, to a methacrylic acid, to a polymer comprising methacrylic acid and process for production thereof, to methyl methacrylate and a process for production thereof, to a methacrylate ester and a process for production thereof, to a polymer comprising at least one of methacrylic acid, methyl methacrylate and a methacrylate ester and a process for production thereof, to a composition comprising at least one of methacrylic acid, methyl methac

Abstract: A layered composition which can be used in various processes has been developed. The composition comprises an inner core such as a cordierite core and an outer layer comprising a refractory inorganic oxide, a fibrous component and an inorganic binder. The refractory inorganic oxide layer can be alumina, zirconia, titania, etc. while the fibrous component can be titania fibers, silica fibers, carbon fibers, etc. The inorganic oxide binder can be alumina, silica, zirconia, etc. The layer can also contain catalytic metals such as gold and platinum plus other modifiers. The layered composition is prepared by coating the inner core with a slurry comprising the refractory inorganic oxide, fibrous component, an inorganic binder precursor and an organic binding agent such as polyvinyl alcohol. The composition can be used in various hydrocarbon conversion processes.

Abstract: Especially physically stable metal oxide catalyst supports are prepared by suspending a metal oxide in a continuous phase, activating by fine dispersion, coagulation to a viscoelastic mass, shaping, drying, and calcining. The catalyst support thus prepared may be treated with catalytic agents to produce supported catalysts for olefin oxidation.

Abstract: A method of contact catalytic reaction by introducing a gas and a liquid into a lower part of a reaction zone comprising a liquid phase and a catalyst-packed bed held therein, where the catalyst-packed bed is a fixed bed.

Abstract: It is an object of the present invention to provide a catalyst for manufacturing a carboxylic ester, which has superior catalytic activity. The present invention relates to a catalyst for preparing a carboxylic ester, used in a) a reaction for preparing a carboxylic ester by reacting oxygen, an aldehyde, and an alcohol, or b) a reaction for manufacturing a carboxylic ester by reacting oxygen and one or more types of alcohol, comprising a carrier and 1) ultrafine gold particles and/or 2) ultrafine metal particles containing gold and a second element other than gold, having an average particle diameter of not more than 6 nm, are supported on the carrier.

Abstract: There is provided a process for producing (meth)acrylic acid and (meth)acrylic esters, which can be operated in a continuous and stable manner for a long period of time.

Abstract: In a process for preparing water-absorbent resins based on acrylic acid, crude acrylic acid is firstly isolated from the reaction gases from the catalytic gas-phase oxidation of propane, propylene and/or acrolein. This is treated with an aldehyde scavenger and pure acrylic acid is separated by distillation from the treated crude acrylic acid, and this pure acrylic acid can be subjected directly to a free-radical polymerization.

Abstract: A process for preparing alkynecarboxylic acids includes the oxidation of an alkyne alcohol with a hypohalite in the presence of a nitroxyl compound at a pH of greater than 7 with continual addition of the alkyne alcohol and of the hypohalite to the reaction mixture.

Abstract: Unsaturated carboxylic acids (and esters thereof) are prepared directly from alkanes (and alcohols) utilizing vapor phase oxidative esterification.

Abstract: An oxide catalyst composition for use in producing methacrolein or a mixture of methacrolein and methacrylic acid, wherein the oxide catalyst composition is represented by the formula (Mo+W)l2BiaAbBcFedXeSbfOg, wherein: A is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Y and the elements of the lanthanoid series exclusive of Pm; B is at least one member selected from the group consisting of K, Rb and Cs; X is Co solely, or a mixture of Co and at least one member selected from the group consisting of Mg and Ni; and a, b, c, d, e, f and g are, respectively, the atomic ratios of Bi, A, B, Fe, X, Sb and O, relative to twelve atoms of the total of Mo and W, wherein the atomic ratios (a to f) of the elements and the relationship between the amounts of the elements are chosen so as to satisfy specific requirements.