Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate which enables to control sufficiently the formation of a diester at the time of a reaction and/or at the time of distillation.

Abstract: The present invention provides a production process for a hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate which process enables to maintain the oxygen concentration of a gas phase portion of a reactor within a specific low concentration range in any stage of before adding raw materials, during the reaction, and after the reaction. The production process comprises the step of carrying out a reaction between (meth)acrylic acid and an alkylene oxide in the presence of a catalyst in order to produce the hydroxyalkyl (meth)acrylate, wherein an inert gas and/or a mixed gas of oxygen and an inert gas with a beforehand adjusted oxygen concentration of 0.1 to 14 vol % is used to maintain the oxygen concentration of a gas phase portion of a reactor in the range of 0.1 to 14 vol % (1) before adding the alkylene oxide or (2) during the above reaction or (3) between the completion of the above reaction and the charge for the next reaction.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for enzymatic preparation of acrylic esters and/or methacrylic esters of polyoxyalkylenes, and to the use thereof. The acryloyl and/or methacryloyl compounds of polyoxyalkylenes are obtainable by a process for esterifying or transesterifying acrylic and/or methacrylic acid or acrylic and/or methacrylic esters with a polyoxyalkylene of the general formula (I) wherein R1, R2, R3 and a-e are as defined in claim 1 and wherein at least one OH group is present per molecule and the sequence of the polyoxyalkylene segments (C2H4-aR2aO)b and (CcH2cO)d is arbitrary, in the presence of an enzyme which catalyzes the esterification or transesterification.

Abstract: There is provided a photocurable resin composition comprising (A) an urethane acrylate having three or four acrylate groups in the molecule, (B) a radical polymerizable compound different from the above urethane acrylate; and (C) a photopolymerization initiator, the weight ratio of the urethane acrylate (A) to the radical polymerizable compound (B) being 80:20 to 10:90; and a production process thereof. The said photocurable resin composition can provide moldings and stereolithographed objects having excellent dimensional accuracy with a small volume shrinkage factor at the time of photo-curing and excellent heat resistance with a high thermal deformation temperature as well as excellent transparency and mechanical properties such as tensile strength.

Abstract: There is provided a photocurable resin composition comprising (A) an urethane acrylate having three or four acrylate groups in the molecule, (B) a radical polymerizable compound different from the above urethane acrylate; and (C) a photopolymerization initiator, the weight ratio of the urethane acrylate (A) to the radical polymerizable compound (B) being 80:20 to 10:90; and a production process thereof. The said photocurable resin composition can provide moldings and stereolithographed objects having excellent dimensional accuracy with a small volume shrinkage factor at the time of photo-curing and excellent heat resistance with a high thermal deformation temperature as well as excellent transparency and mechanical properties such as tensile strength.

Abstract: A negative-acting photoimageable composition useful as a primary imaging resist in the manufacture of printed circuit boards comprises an acid-functional binder polymer, a photopolymerizable component, and a photoinitiator chemical system, in which the binder polymer has an anhydride functional backbone half-esterified with a meth(acrylate) functional hydroxy-terminated oligomer, wherein the meth(acrylate) functionality is separated from the half-ester linkage by at least two alkoxylate groups and at least one ring opened lactone group for improved stripping ability in strong alkaline aqueous stripping solutions, while maintaining good chemical resistance to other processing chemicals, such as alkaline developing solutions, acid etching solutions, and acid plating baths.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for preparing unsaturated esters by azeo-tropically esterifyinga) monohydric or polyhydric alcohols orb) polyesters which contain at least two hydroxyl groups per molecule and are the reaction product of polyhydric alcohols with mono- or dibasis, saturated or aromatically unsaturated carboxylic acids,with ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acids in the presence of an acid catalyst and subsequently reacting the acid catalyst and any unesterified carboxylic acid groups with ethylenically unsaturated monoepoxy compounds.

Abstract: Synthesis of a vinyl terminated polymer by reacting a cationically polymerizable monomer in the form of a cyclic ether with an acid chloride in a suitable solvent and in the presence of a Lewis acid. The vinyl-terminated polymers can be polymerized with other appropriate monomers resulting in thermoplastic elastomers having suitable properties for use as binders for explosives and propellants.

Abstract: Synthesis of a vinyl terminated polymer by reacting a cationically polymeable monomer in the form of a cyclic ether with an acid chloride in a suitable solvent and in the presence of a Lewis acid. The vinyl-terminated polymers can be polymerized with other appropriate monomers resulting in thermoplastic elastomers having suitable properties for use as binders for explosives and propellants.

Abstract: A method of manufacturing a fatty acid ester of polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether wherein a fatty acid ester of polyoxyalkylene alkyl ether represented by the following formula (I) is produced through a reaction between a fatty acid alkyl ester with an alkylene oxide in the presence of a composite metal-oxide catalyst whose surface is modified with a metal hydroxide or a metal alkoxide: ##STR1## wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.3 independently represents an alkyl group or an alkenyl group, R.sub.2 represents an alkylene group, and n is a positive number.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a process for the preparation of amine-modified epoxy (meth)acrylates by reacting organic compounds having epoxy groups witha) acrylic and/or methacrylic acid in a carboxyl/epoxide equivalent ratio of 0.8:1 to 0.99:1 andb) basic nitrogen compounds selected from ammonia and (cyclo)aliphatic primary or secondary amines in an NH/epoxide equivalent ratio of 0.01:1 to 0.2:1,such that the epoxy groups originally present are substantially completely reacted and at least 0.01 NH equivalents, per epoxide equivalent, of the basic nitrogen compounds are reacted with the epoxy groups still present after completion of the reaction according to step a).A present invention also relates to the use of the amine-modified epoxy (meth)acrylates obtained from this process as binders in radical-cured coating, putty or sealant compositions or for the preparation of molded articles.

Abstract: Hydroxy functional, unsaturated diesters are disclosed that comprise the esterification reaction products of unsaturated anhydrides with secondary alcohols to form monoesters, followed by oxyalkylation of the monoester with epoxy compounds, whereby a diester is formed with hydroxy functionality. Use of secondary alcohol yields monoesters less prone to disproportionation. The unsaturated diesters may be copolymerized with vinyl monomers to form hydroxy functional copolymers useful in coating applications, wherein they may be included in compositions along with a curing agent that is reactive with hydroxy groups.

Abstract: A polymeric material incorporating a polyvalent cation chelating agent in an amount effective to inhibit the growth of an ocular pathogen, particularly a protozoan, can be used to produce eye care products such as contact lens cases and containers for containing eye care solutions and contact lenses.

Abstract: This invention relates to (meth)acrylates represented by formula (1): ##STR1## wherein, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently H or CH.sub.3 and average value of n is 1-5; resin composite comprising (A) an urethane (meth)-acrylate and/or epoxy (meth)acrylate, (B) a (meth)-acrylate represented by formula (1) above, (C) an ethylenically unsaturated compound other than component (A) or (B), and (D) a photopolymerization initiator; and cured products of said resin composites. The cured products of said resin composites of this invention have high refractive index and are superior in mold release property, shape reproducibility, restorability, and scratch resistance and suited in particular for transmission type screens.

Abstract: A method of making an acrylate monomer from an essentially ethoxylated polyol, which monomer has a reduced and very low Primary Irritation Index (PII value). The base polyol is di, tri, tetra or polyhydroxyfunctional and the reduced PII value is obtained by reducing the formation of by-products such as monoethylene, diethylene and triethylene glycol during the ethoxylation of the base polyol. A polyol is reacted with propylene oxide at a molar ratio of 1:0.5-1:2.5 and in the presence of an alkali metal hydroxide catalyst. The polyol propoxylate obtained is reacted with ethylene oxide at a molar ratio of 1:2-1:10, whereby an ethoxylated polyol propoxylate with an average molecular weight of 270-500 is obtained. The ethoxylated polyol propoxylate is finally acrylated to yield an acrylate monomer having at least one acrylic unsaturation.

Abstract: This invention relates to (meth)acrylates represented by formula (1): ##STR1## wherein, R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are each independently H or CH.sub.3 and average value of n is 1-5; resin composite comprising (A) an urethane (meth)acrylate and/or epoxy (meth)acrylate, (B) a (meth)acrylate represented by formula (1) above, (C) an ethylenically unsaturated compound other than component (A) or (B), and (D) a photopolymerization initiator; and cured products of said resin composites. The cured products of said resin composites of this invention have high refractive index and are superior in mold release property, shape reproducibility, restorability, and scratch resistance and suited in particular for transmission type screens.

Abstract: Strong base anion exchange resins that contain quaternary ammonium groups derived from higher molecular weight amines, such as triethylamine or tripropylamine instead of trimethylamine, have a higher reactivity for catalyzing the reaction of an epoxide compound with an acid compound to form an ester.

Abstract: Epoxy acrylate resins of this invention having a structure of the general formula (I) ##STR1## in which R is hydrogen or a lower alkyl group, R' is hydrogen or methyl group, and n is an integer from 0 to 20 are heat-resistant, solvent-soluble, and photosensitive and photosensitive resin compositions containing said epoxy acrylate resins as main component exhibit high photosensitivity in addition to strong adhesion to substrates, good resistance to heat and chemicals, and good mechanical and electrical properties and are useful as materials for forming insulation films for multilayer devices and protective films for image sensors and as protective films for solder resists, plating resists, and color filters.

Abstract: Alkoxylates of active hydrogen compounds having a peaked molecular weight distribution are prepared by reacting the active hydrogen compound with an alkylene oxide of from 2 to 4 carbon atoms using iron oxides as alkoxylation catalysts.

Abstract: Alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms are prepared by a process which comprises contacting and reacting an alkylene oxide reactant comprising one or more vicinal alkylene oxides with an active hydrogen containing reactant comprising one or more compounds having active hydrogen atoms in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a xerogel comprising one or more compounds comprising a rare earth element and phorphorus. The product alkoxylates are known to be useful, for instance, as nonionic surfactants, wetting and emulsifying agents, solvents, and chemical intermediates.

Abstract: This invention relates to a process for the alkoxylation of an active hydrogen-containing compound comprising contacting the active hydrogen-containing compound with an alkylene carbonate in the presence of a mixed metal oxide catalyst under conditions effective to alkoxylate the active hydrogen-containing compound.

Abstract: Alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms are prepared by a process which comprises contacting and reacting an alkylene oxide reactant comprising one or more C.sub.2 to C.sub.4 vicinal alkylene oxides with an active hydrogen containing reactant comprising one or more compounds having active hydrogen atoms in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of one or more soluble basic compounds of one or more elements of the lanthanum series (atomic numbers 57-71, inclusive). The product alkoxylates are known to be useful, for instance, as nonionic surfactants, wetting and emulsifying agents, solvents, and chemical intermediates. When the process is applied to the preparation of alkylene oxide, particularly ethylene oxide, adducts of alkanols, particularly primary alkanols in the C.sub.6 to C.sub.24 range, the product is a valuable narrow range nonionic surfactant, characterized by relatively narrow distribution of alkylene oxide adducts.

Abstract: Alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms are prepared by a process which comprises contacting and reacting an alkylene oxide reactant comprising one or more vicinal alkylene oxides with an active hydrogen containing reactant comprising one or more compounds having active hydrogen atoms in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of one or more compounds of one or more of the rare earth elements. The product alkoxylates are known to be useful, for instance, as nonionic surfactants, wetting and emulsifying agents, solvents, and chemical intermediates.

Abstract: Alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms are prepared by a process which comprises contacting and reacting an alkylene oxide reactant comprising one or more vicinal alkylene oxides with an active hydrogen containing reactant comprising one or more compounds having active hydrogen atoms in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of one or more of the borate salts of the rare earth elements. The product alkoxylates are known to be useful, for instance, as nonionic surfactants, wetting and emulsifying agents, solvents, and chemical intermediates.

Abstract: The invention provides a method of producing alkylene glycol monosorbates which comprises reacting sorbic acid and an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in a certain system containing a solvent inactive to the alkylene glycol monosorbates, one or more iron catalysts and one or more compounds consisting of phenothiazines and alkylphenols, washing the obtained synthesized liquid with an aqueous (bi)carbonate solution, and then purifying the washed liquid by distillation, and a method of reserving the alkylene glycol monosorbates.

Abstract: A process is disclosed for preparing a composition comprising a polybutyl ketone and a hydroxyester of an epoxidized polybutene wherein the epoxide groups of said epoxidized polybutene are at least 70% trisubstituted. Acid compounds are reacted with epoxidized polybutenes to obtain compositions of increased reactivity as compared with polybutyl ketone compounds. These compositions are useful as chemical intermediates to modify such materials as polyesters and polyurethenes, for applications such as coatings, foams, and sealants.

Abstract: The preparation of 3-(R)acryloyloxy-2-hydroxypropyltrialkylammonium halide monomer is enhanced by carrying out the reaction in a media which is a non-solvent for the monomer, but is a solvent for the reactants.

Abstract: The production of esters via the reaction of an epoxide with a carboxylic acid hasbeen shown to give improved activity when a strong base macroporous anion exchange resin having an acrylic backbone is used in place of a styrene-divinylbenzene based anion exchange resin having an equivalent exchange capacity. Excellent results are obtained when acrylic acid and propylene oxide are reacted together in the presence of strong base macroporous anion exchange resins which have an acrylic backbone.

Abstract: Alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms are prepared by a process which comprises contacting and reacting an alkylene oxide reactant comprising one or more vicinal alkylene oxides with an active hydrogen containing reactant comprising one or more compounds having active hydrogen atoms in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of the compound barium phosphate. The product alkoxylates are known to be useful, for instance, as nonionic surfactants, wetting and emulsifying agents, solvents, and chemical intermediates.

Abstract: Alkylene oxide adducts of organic compounds having active hydrogen atoms are prepared by a process which comprises contacting and reacting an alkylene oxide reactant comprising one or more vicinal alkylene oxides with an active hydrogen containing reactant comprising one or more compounds having active hydrogen atoms in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of one or more lanthanum compounds comprising silicate, metasilicate and mixtures thereof. The product alkoxylates are known to be useful, for instance, as nonionic surfactants, wetting and emulsifying agents, solvents, and chemical intermediates.

Abstract: .epsilon.-caprolactone-modified hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methyacrylate can be effectively produced from .epsilon.-caprolactone and a hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate in the presence of a stannous halide as a catalyst. The obtained monomer is used together with another copolymerizable monomer to produce a copolymer which is suitable for coating and photocurable composition.

Abstract: Hydroxyalkyl esters of acrylic and methacrylic acids are prepared using heterogeneous amorphous catalysts.

Abstract: Polymerizable monomer compounds selected from the group having the formulae: ##STR1## whereinR is hydrogen or methyl;X is fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo, hydroxyl, perfluoroalkylsulfonoxy of one to three carbon atoms, perfluoroacyloxy of one to three carbon atoms, benzoyloxy, or trichloroacetoxy;Y is trichloroacetyl, perfluoroacyl of the formula ##STR2## trialkylsilyl of the formula [CH.sub.3 (CH.sub.2).sub.m ].sub.3 Si-- or hydrogen,wherein n is zero to six; and m is zero to three, with the proviso that when Y in Formula I or II is hydrogen, X is selected from fluoro, chloro, bromo, iodo in Formulas I and II, and additionally from hydroxyl in Formula I, are disclosed. Polymers and copolymers of the invention are useful for preparing hydrogel processed articles such as contact lenses, and when dissolved in solvents they can be coated onto articles and then hydrolyzed to provide hydrogel coatings.

Abstract: Alkylene glycol ether carboxylates are produced by reacting at elevated temperature an alkylene oxide and a carboxylate ester in the presence as catalyst of a [bis(trihydrocarbylphosphine)iminium].sub.2 MO.sub.4 compound wherein M is either molybdenum or tungsten.

Abstract: Active-hydrogen compounds, for example, primary and secondary alcohols or diols, are alkoxylated, for example, ethoxylated, using solid anion-bound metal oxide catalysts, such as, zirconium oxysulfate catalyst. Hydrous zicronium oxide is treated with solutions of sulfate phosphate, nitrate or tetrafluoroborate and calcined in air at 300.degree. to 950.degree. C. to produce highly active heterogeneous alkoxylation catalysts. The amorphous catalysts afford narrow molecular weight products. The catalyst can be removed from the product by filtration and reused with no significant loss in activity. Reaction temperatures of 50.degree. to 140.degree. C. are employed for alkoxylation.

Abstract: Production of a reaction mixture comprising the multifunctional acrylates, methacrylates or halogenated derivatives thereof of oxyalkylated allyl alcohol characterized as being free of odor typical of allyl compounds, not lachrimatory and substantially reduced skin irritation as compared with acrylates and methacrylates of allyl alcohol. The acrylate and methacrylate compositions of the invention are useful as radiation-crosslinkable diluents for radiation-hardenable compositions (binders).

Abstract: A method for promoting the activity and/or extending the life of a cation-exchangeable layered clay catalyst in reactions susceptible to catalysis by protons which method comprises the addition to the catalyst of water as the sole additive. The quantity of water employed is suitably up to 40%, preferably up to 10% based on weight of reactants. The layered clay catalyst can be for example montmorillonite, bentonite or vermiculite. Suitable proton catalyzed reactions include formation of esters, (e.g. by reaction of olefin and carboxylic acid), ethers, aldehydes, thioethers and alkylation and cracking reactions.

Abstract: Polytetrahydrofurans containing terminal acrylate or methacrylate groups and having a molecular weight of from 200 to 10,000 and a process for producing such polytetrahydrofurans by homopolymerizing tetrahydrofuran, optionally in an organic solvent, together with acrylic acid anhydride and/or methacrylic acid anhydride and with the aid of a catalyst. The polytetrahydrofuran can be used as rubbers.

Abstract: Tetrahydrocarbyl phosphonium bicarbonate salts are employed as catalysts to promote the reaction between (a) vicinal epoxides and (b) carboxylic acids or anhydrides. These catalysts are particularly useful in the preparation of vinyl ester resins.

Abstract: An improved process for the production of hydroxy alkyl acrylates or hydroxy alkyl methacrylates which comprises adding an alkylene oxide to a solution of acrylic or methacrylic acid, at least 0.05% by weight of acid of chromium trioxide catalyst and at least 5% by weight based on acid of hydroxyalkyl acrylate or hydroxyalkyl methacrylate.

Abstract: The reaction of glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) with an ionogenic methacrylate ester containing amine groups of the tertiary type such as dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate (DMAEMA) in the presence of an acidic water solution produces a new and novel water soluble, ionic, cross-linking, methacrylate bifunctional monomer which is useful in the manufacture of anion exchange polymers while employing an aqueous solvent system.

Abstract: In a process for producing a 2-hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylate which comprises esterifying acrylic or methacrylic acid with an alkylene oxide having 2 to 4 carbon atoms in the presence of an esterification catalyst and distilling the resulting reaction mixture in a distillation column, the improvement wherein the vapor of the ester monomer from the distillation column, while being maintained in the superheated state, is introduced into a condenser of the gas-liquid direct contact type whose inner wall corresponding to its gas inlet portion is kept at a temperature below the boiling point of the ester at the operating pressure, to contact it directly with a concurrently flowing spray liquid of the ester-precooled to a temperature below the boiling point of the ester at the operating pressure, whereby said vapor is condensed to a liquid at said temperature below the boiling point of the ester at the operating pressure.

Abstract: Dimethacrylates are provided having the following chemical structure: ##STR1## where ##STR2## is a saturated, 6 membered, monocyclic, hydrocarbyl ring system; and R.sub.1, R.sub.2 and R.sub.3 are the same or different and are hydrogen or alkyl or alkoxy groups having 1 to 12 carbon atoms. These compounds are useful in dental material which cures to form polymes having high mechanical strength, low water sorption, resistance to staining, good color stability when exposed to short-wave radiation (e.g., sunlight) and good chemical resistance to the oral environment. Also provided are a method for polymerizing this compound in situ on teeth and a tooth comprising a polymer of this compound.

Abstract: A method for preparing vinyl ester resins comprises reacting mono-, di- or polyhydroxy functional phenols with a tertiary alkyl glycidyl ether in the presence of a catalyst, e.g., triphenyl phosphine, followed by dealkylating and esterifying the adduct with an olefinically unsaturated aliphatic acid, e.g., acrylic acid, in the presence of a strong acidic catalyst, e.g., p-toluene sulfonic acid.

Abstract: Terminally unsaturated liquid epihalohydrin polymers are produced by polymerizing at least one epihalohydrin using acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as a modifier. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The polymers are useful as tougheners for unsaturated polyester resin systems.

Abstract: Terminally unsaturated liquid epihalohydrin polymers are produced by polymerizing at least one epihalohydrin using hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylates as a modifier. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The polymers are useful as tougheners for unsaturated polyester resin systems.

Abstract: Niobium and ruthenium salts are employed as catalyst in the reaction of oxirane compounds with carboxylic acids. The acrylate esters produced can be used in photocurable compositions.

Abstract: A process for preparing photopolymerizable photosensitizing compounds which comprises addition reacting a specific benzophenone derivative with an alkylene oxide to obtain a hydroxyl group-containing reaction product which is then esterified with an unsaturated carboxylic acid or addition reacted with glycidyl acrylate; the photopolymerizable photosensitizing compounds; and photocurable compositions comprising the photopolymerizable photosensitizing compound.

Abstract: Terminally unsaturated liquid epihalohydrin polymers are produced by polymerizing at least one epihalohydrin using hydroxyalkyl acrylate or methacrylates as a modifier. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The polymers are useful as tougheners for unsaturated polyester resin systems.

Abstract: Terminally unsaturated liquid epihalohydrin polymers are produced by polymerizing at least one epihalohydrin using acrylic acid or methacrylic acid as a modifier. The polymerization is conducted in the presence of a catalytic amount of a trialkyl oxonium salt of an HMF.sub.6 acid wherein M is an element selected from the group consisting of phosphorus, arsenic and antimony. The polymers are useful as tougheners for unsaturated polyester resin systems.