Abstract: A process for the production of an ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester, preferably an ?,ß ethylenically unsaturated carboxylic acid ester is described. The process takes place by the reaction of formaldehyde or a suitable source thereof with a carboxylic acid ester in the presence of a basic metal methyl carbonate co-reactant, wherein the process produces a second basic metal salt and wherein the process includes the step of contacting the second basic metal salt with: a) carbon dioxide (CO2) and optionally, methanol, and/or b) dimethyl carbonate, to regenerate the basic metal methyl carbonate co-reactant. The invention includes use of carbon dioxide and/or dimethyl carbonate to regenerate a basic metal methyl carbonate.

Abstract: A method can prepare a carboxylic ester. The method includes reacting an aldehyde in the presence of an aluminium alkoxide applied to a support material.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention is to a catalyst composition, comprising vanadium and titanium. Preferably, the molar ratio of vanadium to titanium in an active phase of the catalyst composition is greater than 0.5:1.

Abstract: A process for forming methyl methacrylate can comprise: reacting ethylene, carbon monoxide, and hydrogen, in the presence of a first catalyst comprising a metal carbonyl; removing a first reaction product comprising propionaldehyde; reacting the first reaction product with formaldehyde; removing a second reaction product comprising methacrolein; reacting the second reaction product with oxygen and methanol in the presence of a second catalyst to form a third reaction product comprising methyl methacrylate. Another process for forming methyl methacrylate can comprising: reacting ethylene with carbon monoxide to form propionaldehyde; reacting the propionaldehyde with formaldehyde to form methacrolein; and reacting the methacrolein with methanol and oxygen to form the methyl methacrylate.

Abstract: A process for producing an acrylate product from methanol and acetic acid, in which, in a reaction zone A, the methanol is partially oxidized to formaldehyde in a catalyzed gas phase reaction, the product gas mixture A obtained and an acetic acid source are combined to form a reaction gas input mixture B which comprises acetic acid in excess over formaldehyde, and the formaldehyde in reaction gas input mixture B is aldol-condensed to acrylic acid in the presence of a catalyst in a reaction zone B to form an acrylic acid-containing product gas mixture B from which an acrylate product stream may be separated. Suitable aldol condensation catalysts include vanadium-bismuth, vanadium-titanium-bismuth, vanadium-bismuth-tungsten, vanadium-titanium-tungsten, vanadium-titanium and vanadium-tungsten.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention is to a process for producing an acrylate product. The process comprises the step of reacting an alkanoic acid and an alkylenating agent under conditions effective to produce a crude acrylate product. A molar ratio of alkylenating agent to alkanoic acid is maintained at a level of at least 1.

Abstract: Isobutene, isoprene, and butadiene are obtained from mixtures of C4 and/or C5 olefins by dehydrogenation. The C4 and/or C5 olefins can be obtained by dehydration of C4 and C5 alcohols, for example, renewable C4 and C5 alcohols prepared from biomass by thermochemical or fermentation processes. Isoprene or butadiene can be polymerized to form polymers such as polyisoprene, polybutadiene, synthetic rubbers such as butyl rubber, etc. in addition, butadiene can be converted to monomers such as methyl methacrylate, adipic acid, adiponitrile, 1,4-butadiene, etc. which can then be polymerized to form nylons, polyesters, polymethylmethacrylate etc.

Abstract: A process for producing an acrylate product comprises the step of contacting an alkanoic acid and an alkylenating agent over a catalyst over conditions effective to produce the acrylate product. The catalyst composition comprises vanadium, titanium and bismuth. Preferably, the catalyst comprises vanadium to bismuth at a molar ratio of greater than 0.2:1, in an active phase.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention relates to a process for producing an acrylate product. The process comprises the step of reacting a reaction mixture comprising an alkanoic acid and an alkylenating agent composition under conditions effective to form a crude acrylate product. The alkylenating agent composition comprises at least 1 wt % of a ring-structured compound comprising at least two oxygen atoms and at least one carbon atom, e.g., trioxane and/or tetraoxane. The process further comprises the step of separating at least a portion of the crude acrylate product to form at least one alkylenating agent stream and at least one purified acrylate product stream comprising acrylate product.

Abstract: In one embodiment, the invention is to a process for producing an acrylate product. The process comprises the step of reacting an alkanoic acid and an alkylenating agent under conditions effective to produce a crude acrylate product. A molar ratio of alkylenating agent to alkanoic acid is maintained at a level of at least 1.

Abstract: Acetals are formed from an aldehyde hydrogenation product mixture comprising alcohols and at most 2% of alde-hydes and the product is distilled to yield purified alcohols and a second stream containing acetals and/or unsaturated ethers.

Abstract: A process for producing a fluorine-containing 2,4-diol represented by the formula [4], wherein R1 represents a hydrogen atom or an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having a carbon atom number of 1 to 7; R2 represents an acyclic or cyclic alkyl group having a carbon atom number of 1 to 7; and R1 and R2 are optionally bonded to each other to form a ring, includes reducing a hydroxy ketone represented by the formula [3], wherein R1 and R2 are defined as above, by hydrogen in the presence of a ruthenium catalyst.

Abstract: A process prepares methacrolein from isobutane by subjecting isobutane to a partial catalytic dehydrogenation in the gas phase and using the isobutenic product gas mixture to charge an oxidation zone in which the isobutene is oxidized to methacrolein in the gas phase with heterogeneous catalysis using molecular oxygen accompanied by molecular nitrogen as the oxygen source.

Abstract: An oxide catalyst composition for use in producing methacrolein or a mixture of methacrolein and methacrylic acid, wherein the oxide catalyst composition is represented by the formula (Mo+W)l2BiaAbBcFedXeSbfOg, wherein: A is at least one member selected from the group consisting of Y and the elements of the lanthanoid series exclusive of Pm; B is at least one member selected from the group consisting of K, Rb and Cs; X is Co solely, or a mixture of Co and at least one member selected from the group consisting of Mg and Ni; and a, b, c, d, e, f and g are, respectively, the atomic ratios of Bi, A, B, Fe, X, Sb and O, relative to twelve atoms of the total of Mo and W, wherein the atomic ratios (a to f) of the elements and the relationship between the amounts of the elements are chosen so as to satisfy specific requirements.

Abstract: Active hydrogen in an active-hydrogen-containing compound is activated by using a polymer gel having a three-dimensional network structure holding a solvent inside thereof and active sites inside the three-dimensional network structure and surfaces thereof. The ratio of swell of the polymer gel is preferably set to not less than 2, and it is preferable for the polymer gel to have a basic functional group derived from at least one compound selected from the group consisting of tertiary amine compounds, quaternary ammonium salts, cyclic amine compounds and sulfides. The activation of active hydrogen in the active-hydrogen-containing compound is preferably carried out under the condition that the amount of basic active sites of the polymer gel per unit volume in the active system accompanying the activation of active hydrogen is set to not less than 0.43 mmol/cc.

Abstract: A process for preparing functional group-containing olefinic compounds comprises the steps of (a) reacting at least one alkylidene phosphorane with at least one carbonyl-containing compound that comprises at least one group that is a leaving group, or that is capable of subsequent conversion to a leaving group, to form an olefinic compound that comprises at least one leaving group, the carbonyl-containing compound being selected from the group consisting of ketones and aldehydes; and (b) reacting the olefinic compound with at least one functional group-containing nucleophile to form a functional group-containing olefinic compound.

Abstract: An osmium-assisted process for the oxidative cleavage of oxidizable organic compounds such as unsaturated organic compounds, including alkenes and olefins into aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, or ketones. The process uses a metal catalyst comprising osmium and a peroxy compound selected from the group consisting of peroxymonosulfuric acid and salts thereof to oxidatively cleave the oxidizable organic compound. In particular, the process enables aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters, or ketones to be selectively produced from the corresponding mono-, 1,1-di-, 1,2-di-, tri-, or tetra-substituted olefins in a reaction that produces the result of ozonolysis but with fewer problems. The present invention further provides a process for oxidizing an aldehyde alone or with the osmium in an interactive solvent to produce an ester or carboxylic acid.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of aldehydes to esters, specifically acrolein or methacrolein to methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate, respectively. Essentially in the absence of water, an aldehyde is contacted with an oxidizing agent to form an intermediate and then the intermediate is contacted with a diol or an alcohol to form an ester or diester. Preferably, the oxidizing agent is also a chlorinating agent. Specifically, acrolein or methacrolein is contacted with an oxidizing/chlorinating agent, such as t-butyl hypochlorite, and the chlorinated compound is contacted with an alcohol, such as methanol, to form methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate, respectively. Generally, the order of addition is for the oxidizing agent to be added to the aldehyde, specifically for t-butyl hypochlorite to be added to acrolein or methacrolein, and for the diol or alcohol to be added to the intermediate, specifically for the methanol to be added to the reaction product of acrolein or methacrolein and t-butyl hypochlorite.

Abstract: A process for the conversion of aldehydes to esters, specifically acrolein or methacrolein to methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate, respectively. Essentially in the absence of water, an aldehyde is contacted with an oxidizing agent to form an intermediate and then the intermediate is contacted with a diol or an alcohol to form an ester or diester. Preferably, the oxidizing agent is also a chlorinating agent. Specifically, acrolein or methacrolein is contacted with an oxidizing/chlorinating agent, such as t-butyl hypochlorite, and the chlorinated compound is contacted with an alcohol, such as methanol, to form methyl acrylate or methyl methacrylate, respectively. Generally, the order of addition is for the oxidizing agent to be added to the aldehyde, specifically for t-butyl hypochlorite to be added to acrolein or methacrolein, and for the diol or alcohol to be added to the intermediate, specifically for the methanol to be added to the reaction product of acrolein or methacrolein and t-butyl hypochlorite.

Abstract: The present invention is an efficient process for the manufacture of &agr;-acyloxyacetaldehyde, a key intermediate in the synthesis of 1,3-oxathiolane and 1,3-dioxolane nucleosides.

Abstract: A process for preparing organozinc halides in solvents, includes reacting a reactive halogen compound with zinc in one or more carboxylic esters. It is also possible to prepare keto, hydroxyl and amino compounds of organozinc halides obtained in a first step from a reactive halogen compound and zinc in one or more carboxylic esters, wherein the organozinc halide obtained is reacted in a second step with an electrophilic reaction partner and the reaction product of the second step is hydrolyzed in a third step.

Abstract: The invented process for producing a polyester supplies a crotonaldehyde with a purity of 95% by weight or more to a reaction system in the reaction of ketene with crotonaldehyde. In this process, unreacted crotonaldehyde may be recovered from a reaction mixture obtained by the reaction of ketene with crotonaldehyde and may be recycled to the reaction system. The &agr;vinylcrotonaldehyde content of the crotonaldehyde to be supplied to the reaction system is, for example, less than 0.5% by weight, and the paraldehyde content of the crotonaldehyde to be supplied to the reaction system is, for example, less than 5% by weight. By decomposing the above-prepared polyester with, for example, hydrochloric acid, a sorbic acid having a satisfactory hue can be efficiently obtained.

Abstract: Substituted propenoates are prepared by eliminating an alcohol from a substituted malondialdehyde acetal, optionally in the presence of a homogeneous or heterogeneous catalyst.

Abstract: The present invention provides a method for stabilizing waste oil which is taken of each chemical apparatus of the manufacturing line of (meth)acryl acid and/or ester thereof, and treating the waste oil such as draining it out of the production apparatus, for example, a distillation tower from its bottom, sending and transporting it by a pump through a pipeline, and storing it in a storage tank in a simple manner while keeping the waste oil in a stable state. The waste oil can be stabilized by coexisting with solvent. The solvent used in the present invention is typically at least one selected from the group consisting of water, alcohol, ether, carboxylic acid, ketone, aromatic hydrocarbons, and aliphatic hydrocarbons.

Abstract: A carboxylic acid ester is prepared by a process comprising: reacting an aldehyde and an alcohol in a liquid phase in the presence of molecular oxygen as indicated by the following reaction: RCHO+R′OH+O2→RCOOR′+H2O in the presence of a catalyst comprising at least palladium and an element X, wherein X is bismuth, lead or a combination thereof, supported on a carrier, wherein the catalyst has an acid strength, pKa, of more than 4.8 and shows an ammonia chemical adsorption amount at 0° C. of 0-150 &mgr;mol/g-catalyst.

Abstract: A new ligands that include a benzene ring in the backbone can be combined with a metal or metal precursor compound or formed into a metal-ligand complex catalyze a number of different chemical transformations, including olefin polymerization reactions. The ligands, complexes formed with the ligands and compositions including the ligands are useful catalysts, depending on the reaction.

Abstract: An ester compound, which is a production intermediate of a pyrethroid compound, given by formula 1

Abstract: Process for the quantitative preparation of esters, with a high yield, which comprises reacting an aldehyde or ketone compound and an acid halide compound in a one pot reaction in the presence of at least one compound represented by the following formulae: RMgX   (I); RMgX/CuX   (II); and RLi or R(CuLi)½  (III); in which R represents a hydrocarbon group, and X represents a halogen atom. Production processes of a resist material and a semiconductor device are also disclosed.

Abstract: A process for the production of a catalyst for preparing vinyl acetate in the gas phase from ethylene, acetic acid and oxygen or oxygen-containing gases which catalyst comprises palladium and/or its compounds, gold and/or its compounds and also alkali metal compounds on a particulate, porous support obtained bya) impregnating the support with soluble palladium and gold compounds,b) converting the soluble palladium and gold compounds into insoluble palladium and gold compounds by addition of an alkaline solution to the support.c) reducing the insoluble palladium and gold compounds on the support with a reducing agent in the liquid or gaseous phase,d) impregnating the support with at least one soluble alkali metal compound ande) finally drying the support at a maximum of 150.degree. C.,wherein the catalyst is brought into contact with at least one peroxidic compound in step b).

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a cinnamic acid ester comprises condensing a benzaldehyde with an acetic acid ester in the presence of a base. The reaction mixture is then treated, without adding an additional solvent or after adding an additional solvent, with an acid to convert a 3-alkoxy-3-phenylpropionic acid ester in the reaction mixture into a corresponding cinnamic acid ester. This procedure allows cinnamic acid ester derivatives of high-purity to be obtained in good yield.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel catalyst for use in producing a carboxylic ester from an aldehyde, an alcohol and molecular oxygen, which comprises a carrier having supported thereon Pd and Pb in a Pd/Pb atomic ratio (S) of 3/0.7.ltoreq.S.ltoreq.3/1.3, and which exhibits a maximum intensity peak at a diffraction angle (2.theta.) in the range of from 38.55.degree. to 38.70.degree. in a powder X-ray diffraction pattern thereof, wherein the peak is ascribed to the (111) crystal face diffraction of a Pd--Pb intermetallic compound.

Abstract: A supported catalyst comprising a support, an anchoring agent such as a heteropoly acid or anion, and a metal complex which is useful in a wide variety on organic reactions, especially the hydrogenation of substituted .alpha.,.beta. unsaturated acids and esters, is provided. Various methods of preparing the supported catalyst of the present invention is also disclosed.

Abstract: A novel process is provided which integrates the cracking of hydrocarbon containing feedstocks with the olefins purification and olefins derivative process utilizing dilute olefin feedstocks.

Abstract: Disclosed is a method for producing methyl methacrylate, which comprises: subjecting isobutylene and/or tert-butanol to a gas phase catalytic oxidation reaction with molecular oxygen to thereby obtain gas (a) containing methacrolein gas and steam; introducing gas (a) and a methacrolein/methanol liquid mixture (I) into a dehydration tower at a lower portion thereof and at an upper portion thereof, respectively, thereby allowing the liquid mixture (I) to flow downwardly in the dehydration tower and contact countercurrently with the gas (a) in the dehydration tower, to thereby obtain a dehydrated gas mixture (b) containing methacrolein gas and methanol gas; introducing the dehydrated gas mixture (b) and a methacrolein/methanol liquid mixture (II) into an absorption tower at a lower portion thereof and at an upper portion thereof, respectively, thereby allowing the liquid mixture (II) to flow downwardly and contact countercurrently with the dehydrated gas mixture (b) in the absorption tower, thereby obtaining a m

Abstract: A sulfur-containing O-(meth)acrylate compound of the following formula (1) is useful as a starting material for a resin composition used in optical applications such as a lens; ##STR1## wherein R represents hydrogen atom or methyl group; 1 represents an integer from 1 to 3; B is ##STR2## n is 1 or 2, m is 1, 2 or 3 and A is selected from certain arylene, aralkylene, thioether, dithioether or thiopheneylene radicals.

Abstract: A catalyst for the production of carboxylic acid esters for use in reacting an aldehyde with an alcohol in a liquid phase in the presence of molecular oxygen, comprising calcium carbonate and palladium, bismuth and at least one element selected from the group consisting of barium, iron, zinc and germanium, these elements being supported on said calcium carbonate.

Abstract: Processes for producing benzothiophenes employing ethylene carbonate or propylene carbonate are provided.

Abstract: Process for the manufacture of .alpha.-fluoroacrylates of general formula: ##STR1## with R' alkyl, aryl or cycloalkyl, according to which source of formalin, consisting of paraformaldehyde is reacted with an .alpha.-fluorophosphonoacetate in aqueous medium in the presence of a salt of a weak inorganic acid.

Abstract: 5-Formylvaleric esters are prepared by a process which comprises the following steps:(a) Hydroformylation of a pentenoic ester by reaction with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated temperatures and under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a carbonyl complex of a metal of group 8 of the Periodic Table with formation of a mixture of 5-, 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters,(b) Isolation of the 5-formylvaleric ester from the resulting mixture of 5-, 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters, a mixture essentially consisting of 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters remaining,(c) Cleavage of the mixture essentially consisting of 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters at from 50.degree. to 400.degree. C. in the presence of a catalyst to give pentenoic esters and(d) Recycling of the pentenoic esters to stage (a).

Abstract: 1,1-disubstituted ethylene compounds of the general formula I ##STR1## where Z is COOR.sup.2, CN or COR.sup.3, R.sup.1 is an aliphatic, cycloalophatic, araliphatic, aromatic or heterocyclic radical which may be further substituted by functional groups which are inert under the reaction conditions, R.sup.2 is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic radical of 1 to 15 carbon atoms and R.sup.3 is an aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or araliphatic radical of 1 to 15 carbon atoms which may be substituted by groups which are inert under the reaction conditions, and R.sup.1 together with R.sup.2 or R.sup.1 together with R.sup.3 may furthermore form an alkylene chain of 2 to 10 carbon atoms which may be substituted by groups which are inert under the reaction conditions, are prepared from a formyl compound of the general formula II ##STR2## where Z, R.sup.1, R.sup.2 and R.sup.3 have the above meanings, by a process in which the reaction is carried out in the presence of formaldehyde or paraformaldehyde and(a) a C.sub.

Abstract: The process for the preparation of the E isomers of the compounds of formula A: ##STR1## in which R.sub.1 is selected from H or C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl, comprises according to the invention the reaction of propionaldehyde with a phosphorus derivative of formula: ##STR2## in which R.sub.1 designates C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl and R.sub.2 is selected from C.sub.1 -C.sub.4 alkyl or phenyl, and, optionally, the hydrolysis of the compound of formula A in which R.sub.1 is alkyl in order to form the compounds of formula A in which R.sub.1 is H.Pharmaceutical industry.

Abstract: Adipic acid is prepared by a process which comprises the following steps:(a) Hydroformylation of a pentenoic ester by reaction with carbon monoxide and hydrogen at elevated temperatures and under superatmospheric pressure in the presence of a cobalt carbonyl or rhodium carbonyl complex with formation of a mixture of 5-, 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters,(b) isolation of the 5-formylvaleric ester from the resulting mixture of 5-, 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters, a mixture essentially consisting of 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters remaining,(c) dehydrocarbonylation of the mixture consisting essentially of 4- and 3-formylvaleric esters in the presence of one or more elements of subgroup 8 of the Periodic Table at from 50.degree. to 400.degree. C.

Abstract: Halogen-containing polyacrylate derivatives having the formula: ##STR1## wherein A is a structural unit derived from a copolymeriazable monomer having a double bond; R is ##STR2## wherein each of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is a hydrogen atom or a fluorinated methyl group, provided R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 are not hydrogen atoms at the same time, and R.sub.3 is a hydrogen atom or a lower alkyl group; X is a halogen atom or a methyl group; and m is a positive integer, n is 0 or a positive integer, and n/m from 0 to 2, preferably from 0 to 1 are disclosed.Also disclosed are methods for forming a resist pattern by using the halogen-containing polyacrylate derivatives as a resist material.

Abstract: Disclosed are improved Wittig reaction processes wherein the Wittig reaction is conducted in an anisole containing solvent.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst composition wherein a Metal Hydrocarboxide I, such as aluminum secbutoxide, a Metal Hydrocarboxide II, such as zirconium butoxide, an acidic phosphorus-oxygen composition, such as phosphoric acid, and water, are reacted in the presence of a liquid organic medium, such as acetone, to form a catalyst precursor composition, which is then calcined to form the catalyst, is disclosed. The catalyst is useful for condensing carboxylic acids or their ester with aldehydes or acetals to synthesize .alpha. ,.beta.-ethylenically unsaturated acids or esters, such as methylmethacrylate.

Abstract: The invention concerns a process for directly converting an aldehyde into an ethylene ester, of the type wherein the aldehyde is placed in the presence of an alkaline carbonate or bicarbonate and of a phosphonate into a solvent with an alcohol function. In the invention, an ethyl phosphonate or a methyl phosphonate is used and the solvent is an alcohol or a polyol including a hydrocarbon radical other than ethyl or methyl, this radical being that of the ethylenic ester to be produced. The process of the invention makes it possible to directly convert furan aldehyde or tetrahydrofuran aldehyde to produce an ethylenic ester with a furan ring or a tetrahydrofuran ring.

Abstract: Unsaturated carboxylic acids and/or esters thereof are produced by reacting an aldehyde comprising formaldehyde or acetaldehyde with either a saturated carboxylic acid ester or anhydride in the vapor phase in the presence as catalyst of a high silica crystalline aluminosilicate zeolite in which the cation is H.sup.+ and/or a transition metal and/or a rare earth metal. In a modification of the process instead of formaldehyde there is used methanol/molecular oxygen and in the catalyst there is included either an oxidative or an oxidative/dehydrogenative component.

Abstract: A process for producing a perfluoroacrylic acid ester represented by the general formula CF.sub.2 .dbd.CFCOOR where R is a monovalent organic substituent, which comprises pyrolyzing a monoester of perfluorosuccinyl fluoride represented by the general formula FOCCF.sub.2 CF.sub.2 COOR where R is as defined above, in a vapor phase.

Abstract: A process for preparing a catalyst composition wherein a Metal Hydrocarboxide I, such as aluminum secbutoxide, a Metal Hydrocarboxide II, such as silicon ethoxide, an acidic phosphorus-oxygen composition, such as phosphoric acid, and water, are reacted in the presence of a liquid organic medium, such as acetone, to form a catalyst precursor composition, which is then calcined to form the catalyst, is disclosed. The catalyst is useful for condensing carboxylic acids or their ester with aldehydes or acetals to synthesize .alpha., .beta.-ethylenically unsaturated acids or esters, such as methylmethacrylate.

Abstract: Disclosed is a novel catalyst for use in producing a carboxylic ester from an aldehyde, an alcohol and molecular oxygen, which comprises a carrier having supported thereon Pd and Pb and a Pd/Pb atomic ratio (S) of 3/0.7≦S≦ from 3/0.7 to 3/1.3, and which exhibits a maximum intensity peak at a diffraction angle (2&thgr;) in the range of from 38.55° to 38.70° in a power X-ray diffraction pattern thereof, wherein the peak is ascribed to the (111) crystal face diffraction of a Pd—Pb intermetallic compound.