Abstract: 3-Methyl-2-butenyl 3,3-dimethyl-4-pentenoate, by-product in the condensation between 3-methyl-2-butene-1-ol and a lower alkyl orthoacetate, can be recycled into the condensation by alkoxylating it with a lower alkyl alcohol or orthoacetate in the presence of a basic ester exchange catalyst.

Abstract: An ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid is prepared by an ester exchange process which comprises reacting a lower alkyl ester of an unsaturated, 3-4 carbon atom carboxylic acid with a higher alcohol than the alcohol fragment of said lower alkyl ester over a catalyst selected from the group consisting of (1) chelate compounds of zirconium with .beta.-diketone or mixtures thereof, (2) chelate compounds of calcium with .beta.-diketone or mixtures thereof, and mixtures thereof by an ester exchange reaction.

Abstract: An improved process for the trans-esterification of esters of acrylic or methacrylic acid in the presence of a trans-esterification catalyst and a polymerization inhibitor includes the use of about 0.05 to about 10% by weight of an alkali metal cyanide as the catalyst.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids may be esterified by reaction with esters in the presence of a catalytic amount of a tin halide catalyst, the reaction being effected at temperatures ranging from about 0.degree. to about 150.degree. C.

Abstract: This invention comprises an alkylation, reduction and transesterification process for the preparation of ester substituted phenols. The products are useful as antioxidants and may be prepared in high yields and with a high degree of purity.

Abstract: An ester of an unsaturated carboxylic acid is prepared by an ester exchange process which comprises reacting a lower alkyl ester of an unsaturated, 3-4 carbon atom carboxylic acid with an alcohol different than the alcohol fragment of said lower alkyl ester over a catalyst selected from the group consisting of (1) metallic barium, barium compounds and mixtures thereof, (2) metallic thallium, thallium compounds or mixtures thereof, (3) metallic molybdenum, molybdenum compounds or mixtures thereof, and mixtures thereof by an ester exchange reaction.

Abstract: Novel polymerizable monomers which are ethylenically unsaturated esters of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R.sub.4 comprises a polymerizable ethylenic double bond. Homopolymers and copolymers of the monomers are disclosed and in one embodiment provide water-dispersible film-forming polymer which may be electrophoretically deposited on a conducting substrate.