Abstract: A halogenated ester is prepared by addition of a halogenated nucleophile to a diester at a temperature less than 15.degree. C. but greater than -25.degree. C.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of higher alkyl acrylic acid esters which comprises reacting one or more C.sub.10+ olefins with one or more alkyl acrylic acid esters in the presence of a halogen containing catalyst, the invention is the improvement which comprises contacting the reaction product mixture with an aqueous acid solution to extract catalyst residues therefrom and distilling the extracted product mixture to remove unreacted olefin.

Abstract: A continuous process for efficiently co-producing secondary alcohols of long-chain olefins and lower carboxylic acid esters, comprising (I) performing an acid/olefin reaction in the presence of a heterogeneous catalyst such as Amberlyst 15, and (II) performing an ester-exchange reaction in the presence of, e.g., titanium alcoholate. A desirable feature of the process is the ability to produce co-products of choice.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of metal cation-exchangeable layered clays in organic reactions which are catalysed by protons in which intercalated water is not a stoichiometric reactant. Such organic reactions include the production of esters by the reaction of an olefin or an olefin oxide with a carboxylic acid, the production of ethers by reaction of an alcohol with an olefin or an olefin oxide, the production of ethers by the reaction of a primary or secondary aliphatic alcohol or an olefin oxide, the production of bis-sec-alkyl ethers from alkenes, the production of alkyl aromatic compounds by the reaction of an aromatic hydrocarbon with an olefin or alcohol and the production of alcohols by the hydration of olefins.

Abstract: A method for carrying out processes capable of catalysis by protons using as catalyst a stabilized pillared interlayered clay.

Abstract: Process for the production of the insect sex attractant, gossyplure, is provided. The process comprises first disproportionating 1,5-cyclooctadiene and 1-hexene to give 1,5,9-tetradecatriene, then metallating the triene to form a 1-metallo-5,9-tetradecadiene, and finally treating the organometal compound with a C.sub.2 -synthon to give directly 7,11-hexadecadienyl acetate or a substituted 7,11-hexadecadienyl moiety which can readily be converted to the desired acetate.

Abstract: A method for promoting the activity and/or extending the life of a cation-exchangeable layered clay catalyst in reactions susceptible to catalysis by protons which method comprises the addition to the catalyst of water as the sole additive. The quantity of water employed is suitably up to 40%, preferably up to 10% based on weight of reactants. The layered clay catalyst can be for example montmorillonite, bentonite or vermiculite. Suitable proton catalyzed reactions include formation of esters, (e.g. by reaction of olefin and carboxylic acid), ethers, aldehydes, thioethers and alkylation and cracking reactions.

Abstract: The invention relates to the use of hydrogen ion-exchanged layered clays in organic reactions which are catalyzed by protons. Such organic reactions include the production of ethers by the reaction of an alcohol with an olefin or an olefin oxide, the production of an ether by the reaction of a primary or secondary aliphatic alcohol or an olefin oxide, the production of an alkyl aromatic compound by the reaction of an aromatic hydrocarbon with an olefin or a C.sub.2 or higher alcohol and the production of an alcohol by the hydration of an olefin.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids having two or more carbon atoms than formic acid, or esters of such carboxylic acids are prepared by reacting either formic acid or an ester of formic acid with an olefin at elevated temperature in the presence of a Group VIB metal catalyst. The Group VIB metal which is chromium, molybdenum or tungsten is suitably added as a carbonyl or carbonyl halide. In addition to the catalyst a halide promoter and a phosphorus containing copromoter may optionally be added. The process can be used, for example to prepare propionic acid or a propionic acid ester from ethylene and either formic acid of an ester of formic acid.

Abstract: Novel compounds made from the reaction of 5-vinyl-2-norbornene with carboxylic acid anhydrides in the presence of oxygen are described. The process to make these novel esters is preferably conducted at a temperature in the range from about 50.degree. to 150.degree. C. and in the presence of a catalyst. A transition metal borate catalyst is preferred. Such ester compounds are potentially useful plasticizers, lubricants, solvents and fuel additives.

Abstract: Provided is a process for converting an aromatic compound to prepare an iodoarene, Ar--I, and an aryl compound which is a compound wherein an unsaturated compound is bonded directly to an aryl group, Ar, which process comprises reacting a diaryliodonium salt represented by general formula (I)[Ar--I.sup..sym. --Ar]X.sup..crclbar. (I)wherein Ar is an aryl group which may be substituted and two Ar's are identical and X.sup..crclbar. is a counter ion inert to the reaction with the unsaturated compound in a solvent in the presence of a transition metal catalyst and a base or a reducing metal, said reaction being carried out at a temperature not higher than 80.degree. C. and/or by using at least one of the base, the reducing metal and the unsaturated compound in an amount not more than 1.

Abstract: A process for producing carboxylic acid esters by reacting an olefin and a carboxylic acid in the presence of a crystalline metallosilicate catalyst. The catalyst has a mole ratio of silica to metal oxide of at least 12. The metal of the metal oxide is an element selected from the group consisting of the elements belonging to Groups III, IV, V, VI B, and VIII of the Periodic Table. The catalyst is preferably zeolitic, for example zeolitic aluminosilicate. The process is particularly effective when reacting relatively inactive olefins such as methylene and propylene.

Abstract: A method for the preparation of secondary alcohol mixtures by selective reaction of an olefin or olefin mixture and a carboxylic acid compound in the presence of zeolite mordenite. The reaction selectively produces .alpha.-methylalkyl carboxylate enriched ester product which, upon subsequent hydrolysis, yields the desired secondary alcohol product enriched in alcohols having hydroxy functionality at the 2-position.

Abstract: A method for preparation of secondary alcohol mixtures by selective reaction of an olefin or olefin mixture and a carboxylic acid compound in the presence of a particular type of shape selective zeolite catalyst. The reaction selectively produces .alpha.-methylalkyl carboxylate enriched ester product which, upon subsequent hydrolysis, yields the desired 2-alcohol enriched secondary alcohol product.

Abstract: A process for preparation of alkyl carboxylate mixtures enriched in alpha-methylalkyl carboxylate compounds, by reaction of an olefin and a carboxylic acid compound in the presence of a particular type of zeolite catalyst. The zeolites are characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index of 1 to 12. Zeolites ZSM-5 and ZSM-12 are particularly preferred.

Abstract: A process for preparation of alkyl carboxylate mixtures enriched in alpha-methylalkyl carboxylate compounds, by reaction of an olefin and a carboxylic acid compound in the presence of a mordenite catalyst.

Abstract: The activity of cation-exchangeable layered clay or crystalline aluminosilicate catalyst in esterification, etherification, hydration, and cracking reactions is promoted by addition of a strong acid such as sulphuric acid, phosphoric acid, hydrochloric acid, hydrofluoric acid or para-toluene sulphonic acid. The further addition of water to the reaction can extend the life of the clay catalyst and in some cases its catalytic activity.

Abstract: Described are substituted tricyclodecane derivatives having the generic structure: ##STR1## wherein Y is a moiety having a structure selected from the group consisting of: ##STR2## wherein one of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon single bond and the other of the dashed lines represents a carbon-carbon double bond; wherein R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 represent hydrogen or methyl with the proviso that one of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is hydrogen and the other of R.sub.1 and R.sub.2 is methyl; wherein R.sub.3 is hydrogen, C.sub.1 -C.sub.3 acyl, C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 alkyl or C.sub.3 or C.sub.4 alkenyl; wherein R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 represent hydrogen or methyl with the additional proviso that one of R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is methyl and the other two of R.sub.4, R.sub.5 and R.sub.6 is hydrogen.

Abstract: A process for preparing acetic acid ester by reacting acetic acid with an aliphatic lower olefin in vapor phase in the presence of steam and a catalyst selected from aromatic disulfonic acids and their esters. The high activity of the catalyst can be maintained and the product is obtained in a high space time yield by the presence of steam in the reaction. The effect of maintaining the high activity can be further increased by using silica treated with a strong acid as a carrier.

Abstract: A method for preparation of alkyl carboxylate compounds, and especially .alpha.-methylalkyl carboxylate compounds, by reaction of an olefin and a carboxylic acid compound in the presence of a particular type of zeolite catalyst. The zeolites are characterized by a silica to alumina mole ratio of at least 12 and a constraint index of 1 to 12. Zeolites ZSM-5 and ZSM-12 are particularly preferred.

Abstract: A method for preparation of alkyl carboxylate compounds, and especially methylalkyl carboxylate compounds, by reaction of an olefin and a carboxylic acid compound in the presence of a mordenite catalyst.

Abstract: This invention provides a process for producing a carboxylate ester from a monoolefin and a carboxylic acid, in the presence of a solid catalyst comprising a composite of 5-sulfoisophthalic acid and a carrier substrate having a surface area between about 1-1000 m.sup.2 /gram.A carboxylate ester such as ethyl propionate is produced with a STY efficiency of at least 100 grams/liter hour.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids are esterified with ethylene gas, to effect the formation of ethyl esters, by acid catalysis in the presence of at least one dissociating, inert and stable solvent which increases the acidity of the reaction medium.

Abstract: In a process for the preparation of ethyl acetate by vapor phase reaction of ethylene with acetic acid, the improvement which comprises conducting said reaction in the presence of a catalytic amount of a solid, ion-exchange fluoropolymer comprising sulfonic acid moieties.

Abstract: Carboxylic acids are esterified with ethylene or propylene gas, to effect the formation of ethyl or isopropyl esters, respectively, by acid catalysis in the presence of a catalytic amount of a perfluoro sulfonic acid.

Abstract: Dihydromyrcenol (3,7-dimethylocta-1-en-7-ol) and carboxylic acid esters thereof are prepared from dimethylcyclooctene reactant mixtures comprising 1,5-dimethylcyclooctene in admixture with 1,6-dimethylcyclooctene and/or 1,4-dimethylcyclooctene by (a) thermally isomerizing the dimethylcyclooctene reactant mixture to afford a mixed octadiene product comprising 2,6-dimethylocta-1,7-diene in admixture with 2,7-and/or 2,5-dimethylocta-1,7-diene, (b) reacting the mixed octadiene product with a carboxylic acid to selectively form the ester of 3,7-dimethyl-octa-1-en-7-ol and (c) optionally hydrolyzing the ester of 3,7-dimethyl-octa-1-en-7-ol under basic conditions to yield dihydromyrcenol.

Abstract: A process for preparing unsaturated esters by oxyacylation which comprises contacting a C.sub.3 or higher olefin, oxygen and a carboxylic acid in the vapor phase at an elevated temperature and at a controlled pressure in the presence of a catalytically effective amount of a catalyst comprising an oxide of uranium and at least one oxide selected from the group consisting of arsenic, antimony and bismuth oxides.

Abstract: In a process for producing an ethyl ester of an aliphatic carboxylic acid which comprises reacting ethylene with the aliphatic carboxylic acid in the liquid phase in the presence of an acid catalyst, the improvement wherein a heteropolyacid of tungsten or an acidic metal salt thereof is used as the acid catalyst, and the reaction is carried out in the presence of water in an amount of up to 7.5% by weight based on the weight of the aliphatic carboxylic acid.

Abstract: Acetic acid ethyl ester is prepared by passing ethylene over a fixed-bed catalyst composed of silicon dioxide, which has a surface from 50 to 200 m.sup.2 /g and which is impregnated with H.sub.2 SO.sub.4, diethylsulfate or ethylsulfuric acid or mixtures of these compounds, with periodically alternating quantities of acetic acid, at a temperature from 130.degree. to 170.degree. C, the acid concentration, calculated on ethylene, varying constantly over a range from 0.01 to 40% by mole.

Abstract: Olefins may be esterified by reaction with esters of saturated alcohols containing at least two carbon atoms in the presence of a catalytic amount of a tin halide catalyst, the reaction being effected at temperatures ranging from about 0.degree. to about 150.degree. C.