Abstract: The present invention provides a process for purifying a monoterpene or sesquiterpene having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The process comprises the steps of derivatizing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) to produce a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, separating the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, and releasing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) from the derivative. Also encompassed by the scope of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The purified monoterpene can be used to treat a disease such as cancer. The present monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) may be administered alone, or may be co-administered with radiation or other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for purifying a monoterpene or sesquiterpene having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The process comprises the steps of derivatizing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) to produce a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, separating the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, and releasing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) from the derivative. Also encompassed by the scope of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The purified monoterpene can be used to treat a disease such as cancer. The present monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) may be administered alone, or may be co-administered with radiation or other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents.

Abstract: The invention relates to an isoprene oligomer that contains a trans structural moiety and a cis structural moiety, which can be represented by the following formula (1), wherein at least 1 atom or group in the trans structural moiety is replaced by another atom or group. The invention also relates to a polyisoprene, which is biosynthesized using the isoprene oligomer and isopentenyl diphosphate. Further, this invention provides a rubber composition comprising the isoprene oligomer and/or the polyisoprene, and a pneumatic tire, including tire components (e.g., treads and sidewalls) formed from the rubber composition.

Abstract: The present invention is related to a novel and improved process for the production of dehydrolinalyl acetate (DLA), which IUPAC name is acetic acid 1-ethynyl-1,5-dimethyl-hex-4-enyl ester, starting from dehydrolinalool (DLL), which IUPAC name is 3,7-dimethyloct-6-en-1-yn-3-ol, by catalytic acetylation.

Abstract: The invention relates to an isoprene oligomer that contains a trans structural moiety and a cis structural moiety, which can be represented by the following formula (1), wherein at least 1 atom or group in the trans structural moiety is replaced by another atom or group. The invention also relates to a polyisoprene, which is biosynthesized using the isoprene oligomer and isopentenyl diphosphate. Further, this invention provides a rubber composition comprising the isoprene oligomer and/or the polyisoprene, and a pneumatic tire, including tire components (e.g., treads and sidewalls) formed from the rubber composition.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for purifying a monoterpene or sesquiterpene having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The process comprises the steps of derivatizing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) to produce a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, separating the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) derivative, and releasing the monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) from the derivative. Also encompassed by the scope of the present invention is a pharmaceutical composition comprising a monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) having a purity greater than about 98.5% (w/w). The purified monoterpene can be used to treat a disease such as cancer. The present monoterpene (or sesquiterpene) may be administered alone, or may be co-administered with radiation or other therapeutic agents, such as chemotherapeutic agents.

Abstract: The present invention concerns a process for the preparation of a compound of formula (I) in the form of any one of its stereoisomers or mixtures thereof, wherein R represents a C2-C10 group of formula CORa wherein Ra is an alkyl or alkenyl group optionally comprising one or two ether functional groups or is a phenyl or benzyl group optionally substituted by one to three alkyl, alkoxyl, carboxyl, acyl, amino or nitro groups or halogen atoms.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of synthesizing new active compounds for pharmaceutical uses including cancer treatment, wherein the cancers comprise breast, leukocytic, liver, ovarian, bladder, prostatic, skin, bone, brain, leukemia, lung, colon, CNS, melanoma, renal, cervical, esophageal, testicular, spleenic, kidney, lymphatic, pancreatic, stomach and thyroid cancers. This invention is an anti adhesion therapy which uses the compound as a mediator or inhibitor of adhesion proteins and angiopoietins. It inhibits excess adhesion and inhibits cell attachment. It modulates angiogenesis. The compounds also use as mediator of cell adhesion receptor, cell circulating, cell moving and inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: This invention relates to geranylgeranyl acetone (GGA) derivatives and the use of GGA, its isomers, and GGA derivatives in methods for inhibiting neural death, increasing neural activity, increasing axon growth and cell viability, and increasing the survival rate of subjects administered the GGA or GGA derivatives.

Abstract: The present invention provides edible compositions comprising a compound of the present invention, food products comprising such edible compositions and methods of preparing such food products. The present invention also provides methods of reducing the amount of NaCl in a food product, methods of reducing the sodium intake in a diet, and methods of reducing bitter taste in a food product.

Abstract: Multifunctional alcohols, polyols derived from cardanol containing at least 3 hydroxyl groups are disclosed. Such alcohols allow for synthesis of multifunctional crosslinkers such as acrylates, epoxies, and vinyl ethers and flame retardants such as >phosphates. The multifunctional alcohols or polyols can be used in polyurethanes and polycarbonates. The multifunctional crosslinkers can be used in optical coating and waveguide compositions to increase curing speed and crosslink density. The multifunctional phosphates can be used in flame resistant plastics as the highly pendant phosphorus containing phosphate non-halogen flame retardant additives.

Abstract: This invention provides a method of synthesizing new active compounds for pharmaceutical uses including cancer treatment, wherein the cancers comprise breast, leukocytic, liver, ovarian, bladder, prostatic, skin, bone, brain, leukemia, lung, colon, CNS, melanoma, renal, cervical, esophageal, testicular, spleenic, kidney, lymphatic, pancreatic, stomach and thyroid cancers. This invention is an anti adhesion therapy which uses the compound as a mediator or inhibitor of adhesion proteins and angiopoietins. It inhibits excess adhesion and inhibits cell attachment. It modulates angiogenesis. The compounds also use as mediator of cell adhesion receptor, cell circulating, cell moving and inflammatory diseases.

Abstract: A compound is useful as a recyclable catalyst for esterification or acylation of alcohols and consists of saccharine and a compound comprising a pyridine moiety. In addition, also a method of preparing the compound and an ester synthesis method using the compound are introduced.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a pharmaceutical composition for preventing or treating hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, diabetes and obesity comprising a sesquiterpene derivative as an active ingredient. The sesquiterpene derivatives of the present invention leads to decrease in body fat weight, visceral fat weight and total cholesterol levels, triglyceride of plasma and liver tissue, blood glucose and blood insulin levels in a fast state, finally exhibiting efficacies on prevention or treatment of hyperlipidemia, fatty liver, diabetes and obesity.

Abstract: Compounds of formulas I-IV: (I), (II), (III) (IV), wherein: R1 and R4-R23 are independently selected from H and 1-3 carbon lower alkyl; and R2 and R3 are independently selected from H, 1-3 carbon lower O II alkyl, and —C—Ra, wherein Ra is 1-3 carbon lower alkyl. Pharmaceutical compositions, which include any of Compounds I-IV and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier, methods of inducing tumor cell apoptosis by administering to a patient in need thereof an effective amount of any of Compounds I-IV, and methods for obtaining any of Compounds I-IV by extracting the compound from coral are also provided.

Abstract: Disclosed are methods and compositions related to the use of boswellic acids (such as acetyl-11-keto-?-boswellic acid, 11-keto-?-boswellic acid, ?-boswellic acid, acetyl-?-boswellic acid, 9,11-dehydro-?-boswellic acid, acetyl-9,11-dehydro-?-boswellic acid, ?-boswellic acid, acetyl-?-boswellic acid, 11-dehydro-?-boswellic acid, acetyl-9,11-dehydro-?-boswellic acid, lupeolic acid, acetyl lupeolic acid, 12-ursene-2-diketone, incensole, incensole acetate, a derivative, in particular an ester thereof, a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof, a combination thereof, or a preparation containing one or more of these compounds) for the human medical or veterinary prophylaxis and/or treatment of: a) damage to and/or inflammation of the islets of Langerhans and/or b) damage to the B-cells of the islets of Langerhans.

Abstract: A process for acylating organic hydroxy compounds, characterized in that the acylation is effected in the presence of a metal oxide which does not carry a catalyst and the use of such metal oxides for acylating organic hydroxy compounds.

Abstract: Compositions of and methods for using synthetic retinal derivatives as retinoid replacements and opsin agonists are provided.

Abstract: The invention relates to compouns derived from betulin, and to the use thereof as antibacterial agents in pharmaceutical and cosmetic applications.

Abstract: The present invention relates to a method for producing 3-methyl-2-butenyl acetate which comprises reacting 3-methyl-2-buten-1-ol with acetic anhydride in the presence of an inorganic base catalyst and a method for producing purified 3-methyl-2-butenyl acetate which comprises subjecting crude 3-methyl-2-butenyl acetate to a step (A) of contacting it with an aqueous solution of an alkali metal hydrogen sulfite, or a step (B) of contacting it with an aqueous solution of a base, or both steps (A) and (B).

Abstract: A process for making terpene esters is disclosed. Reaction of a terpene alcohol with acetic anhydride in the presence of a high-boiling amine provides a terpene ester. Acetic acid, which is distilled from the reaction mixture as it forms can be recovered. The terpene ester is distilled from the high-boiling amine to provide a product that is substantially free of nitrogen-containing impurities. The reaction mixture can be reused for subsequent acylations. The simple, economical process gives high-quality terpene esters while avoiding waste-disposal issues of other common acylation procedures.

Abstract: The invention provides a method for converting sesquiterpene. The method includes reacting a sesquiterpene substract with a sesquiterpene converting enzyme. The enzyme is from a species or organism containing sesquiterpenes. The sesquiterpene substrate is not naturally present in the species or organism.

Abstract: The present invention relates to the field of perfumery, and more precisely to a compound of formula (I) wherein R1 represents an C2 to C4 unsaturated hydrocarbon radical. The present invention concerns also the use of said compound in the perfumery industry as well as the compositions or articles associated with said compound.

Abstract: A triterpene derivative useful for the treatment of hepatic disorders is disclosed. This compound comprises as an active ingredient a triterpene derivative represented by the following formula (I) or a salt thereof: wherein R1 represents a hydroxyl group, arylmethyloxy, lower alkoxy, or lower alkanoyloxy, R2 represents lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, —CH2OR5, formyl, —COOR6, or —CH2N(R7)R8, or R1 and R2 may combine with each other to form —O—C(R9)R10—O—CH2—, R3 and R4, which may be the same or different, represent a hydrogen atom, a hydroxyl group, lower alkyl, lower alkenyl, aryl, hydroxymethyl, —N(R11)R12, formyl, —COOR6, or —OR13, or R3 and R4 may combine with each other to form oxo, hydroxyimino, or alkylidene and X represents O, CH2, or NH.

Abstract: Novel polycyclic cannabinoid analogs are presented which have preferentially high affinities for the cannabinoid CB2 receptor sites. The improved receptor affinity makes these analogs therapeutically useful as medications in individuals and animals for treatment of pain, glaucoma, epilepsy, nausea associated with chemotherapy.

Abstract: A novel carnosic acid derivative for promoting the synthesis of nerve growth factor (NGF), a composition comprising the carnosic acid derivative as an effective ingredient, as well as, a method of promoting the synthesis of NGF comprising administering an effective amount of the carnosic acid derivative as an effective ingredient to a subject requiring such promotion. The carnosic acid derivative, composition and method according to the present invention can safely and efficiently promote the production of NGF in the living body, without being accompanied by a side effect such as a loss of a quantitative balance of hormones in the living body.

Abstract: The compounds of formula in which the symbols R1, R2, R3 and R4 represent independently from each other a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group, the symbol X represents an oxygen atom or an alkylene group of formula in which n is an integer from 1 to 3, the symbols R6 and R7 represent each a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group, and R5 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group from C1 to C4, linear or branched, an alkenyl group from C2 to C4, linear or branched, or a group of formula in which Y has the same meaning as X and R8 is a linear or branched alkyl group from C1 to C4 or a linear or branched alkenyl group from C2 to C4, are novel compounds showing musky odors and which confer musky-velvety, voluminous and very tenacious notes to the products to which they are added.

Abstract: There is provided a compound of the formula[I]: wherein R represents a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxyl group; and A represents a hydrogen atom, a halogen atom or a group of the formula A1: Q represents Q3: when A represents a halogen atom or a protective group for a hydroyl group, A represents Q4:  wherein R1 and R2 represent a hydrogen atom or a protective group for a hydroxyl group; and when A represents a hydrogen atom, Q is Q2:

Abstract: The synthesis of taxol and other tricyclic and tetracyclic taxanes.

Abstract: A triterpene derivative useful for the treatment of hepatic disorders is disclosed. This compound comprises as an active ingredient a triterpene derivative represented by the following formula (IV) or a salt thereof: Y represents a single bond to form a double bond in the ring with Y bonded thereto.

Abstract: Compositions with protein kinase C-modulatory, anti-inflammatory and other activities are disclosed.

Abstract: A process for preparing perillyl alcohol by converting beta-pinene oxide into an alcohol in an acidic reaction medium, esterifying said alcohol to produce a mixture containing perillyl acetate, and hydrolyzing said perillyl acetate to perillyl alcohol.

Abstract: Compounds having anti-inflammatory and other activities are disclosed. The compounds are derived from phorboids of the diterpene- and benzolactam-classes.

Abstract: Compositions with anti-inflammatory and other activitites are disclosed. The compositions are derived from phorboids of the diterpene- and benzolactam-classes.

Abstract: A process for recovering and reusing a solvent and optical isomers, characterized by using a simulated moving packed bed which comprises an inlet for an eluent, an outlet for an extract containing an optical isomer strongly adsorbable on the packing, an inlet for a liquid containing an optical isomer mixture and an outlet for a raffinate containing an optical isomer weakly adsorbable on the packing in this order in a packed bed containing packings for optical resolution and arranged in a solvent circulation passage, and in which the inlets and the outlets are intermittently and successively moved in the direction of liquid flow in the packed bed; recovering the solvent and the optical isomer(s) from the resultant extract and/or raffinate; returning the recovered solvent into the solvent circulation passage; or when the solvent is not recovered, heating the extract or raffinate to racemize an undesired optical isomer and reusing the resultant solution containing a racemic modification for the separation of the

Abstract: In a process for preparing terpene esters by reaction of camphene and a low molecular weight carboxylic acid over an acid ion exchanger as catalyst, the reactants are passed from below through the acid ion exchanger located in a column-shaped reactor at such a velocity that the ion exchanger is suspended to uniformly fill the reactor, i.e. gives a pseudofluid suspended bed. In the case of the preparation of isobornyl acetate, a high specific catalyst productivity, a high selectivity of the reaction with formation of small amounts of other esters, a high degree of conversion of the reaction component used in substoichiometric amount and a high total catalyst productivity are achieved.

Abstract: A process for recovering and reusing a solvent and optical isomers, characterized by using a simulated moving packed bed which comprises an inlet for an eluent, an outlet for an extract containing an optical isomer strongly adsorbable on the packing, an inlet for a liquid containing an optical isomer mixture and an outlet for a raffinate containing an optical isomer weakly adsorbable on the packing in this order in a packed bed containing packings for optical resolution and arranged in a solvent circulation passage, and in which the inlets and the outlets are intermittently and successively moved in the direction of liquid flow in the packed bed: recovering the solvent and the optical isomer(s) from The resultant extract and/or raffinate; returning the recovered solvent into the solvent circulation passage; or when the solvent is not recovered, heating the extract or raffinate to racemize an undesired optical isomer and reusing the resultant solution containing a racemic modification for the separation of the

Abstract: The present invention a process for the preparation of a compound of the formula (X) useful as precursor for the A-ring in taxanes ##STR1## wherein R' is an ##STR2## in which R" is a linear, branched or cyclic alkyl group of 1 to 10 carbon atoms. The invention further relates to the novel compound (X) and to novel intermediates in said process.

Abstract: The present invention provides a process for producing an optically active cyclohexenone derivative characterized in that it comprises using a specialized cyclohexene derivative as a starting material, reacting the derivative with lipase by regioselective transesterification to obtain optically active cyclohexenone derivatives, represented by the following formulae.

Abstract: A .beta.,.gamma.-dihydropolyprenyl alcohol derivative having the formula: ##STR1## wherein n is an integer of 5 to 7 and R is hydrogen, a lower alkyl group or an aliphatic or aromatic acyl group, is new and usrful as a prophylactic therapeutic agent for human and animal immuno-deficiency deseases and phylactic agent against human and animal infectious deseases. Another disclosed polyprenyl compound is also useful as the same agent.

Abstract: The compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R represents a 3,3-dimethyl-1-cyclopentyl or a 3,3-dimethyl-1-1cyclohexyl radical, R.sup.5 represents a saturated, linear or branched, C.sub.1 to C.sub.3 alkyl radical and, either R.sup.1 and R.sup.2 stand each for a hydrogen atom, R.sup.3 and/or R.sup.4 representing a methyl radical, or R.sup.3 and R.sup.4 represent each a hydrogen atom, R.sup.1 and/or R.sup.2 representing then a methyl radical, are novel compounds and useful perfuming ingredients, capable of imparting to the compositions into which they are incorporated odor notes of the musky-ambrette and fruity type.A process for the preparation of compounds (I) is disclosed.

Abstract: Conjugated diene compounds of the general formula: ##STR1## which are industrially advantageous intermediates for preparing sarcophytol A useful as an anticarcinogenic promotor or antitumor agent are provided.

Abstract: There are disclosed compounds of the formula ##STR1## wherein R is ##STR2## R.sup.1 is hydrogen, lower alkyl or ##STR3## a is 1-3; b is 1-3;c is 0-2;X, Y and Z are each, independently, a bond, O, S. or NH, with the proviso that if one of X or Y is O, S or NH, the other must be a bond;R.sup.2 is amino, loweralkylamino, arylamino, loweralkoxy or aryloxy;R.sup.3 is hydrogen, halo, hydroxy, lower alkoxy, aryloxy, loweralkanoyloxy, amino, lower alkylamino, arylamino or loweralkanoylamino;R.sup.4 and R.sup.5 are each, independently hydrogen or lower alkyl;m is 0-4;n is 1-4; ando is 1-4;and, which by virtue of their ability to selectively inhibit an isoenzyme of 3':5'-cyclic AMP phosphodiesterase located in pulmonary smooth muscle tissue and inflammatory cells, are bronchodilatory and antinflammatory and so are useful in the treatment of acute and chronic bronchial asthma and associated pathologies.

Abstract: A polyprenyl composition consisting essentially of a mixture of polyprenyl compounds represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 represents a hydroxyl or acetyloxy group, ##STR2## represents a trans-isoprene unit, ##STR3## represents a cis-isoprene unit, and n is an integer of from 11 to 19, said mixture containing substantial amounts of at least three compounds of formula (I) wherein n represents 14, 15 and 16 respectively as essential ingredients in a total amount of at least 70% by weight based on the weight of the mixture; and new compounds derived from the polyprenyl compounds of formula (I). These composition and compounds are useful for the synthesis of mamammalian dolichols.

Abstract: The invention is directed to a process for the catalytic oxidation of an isoprenoid containing at least one allylic hydrogen atom, which process comprises reacting the isoprenoid with oxygen or an oxygen-containing gas in an inert solvent in the presence of a N-hydroxydicarboxylic acid imide of the formula ##STR1## wherein A-B stands for CH.sub.2 -CH.sub.2, CH.dbd.CH, an aromatic hydrocarbon residue or a group derived from one of these groups in which one or more hydrogen atoms is/are replaced by alkyl or halogen,to produce a primary of secondary hydroperoxide.The process of the invention is suitable for the manufacture of steroids, vitamins, odorant substances, carotinoids and the like.

Abstract: The present invention provides lysosome liberation inhibitors comprising, as effective ingredients, cembrane-type diterpene compounds represented by the general formula (I) or (II): ##STR1## wherein R is a hydrogen atom or an acyl group. Also provided is histamine release inhibitors comprising the cembrane-type diterpene compounds represented by the general formula (I) or (II) above as effective ingredients.

Abstract: A polyprenyl composition consisting essentially of a mixture of polyprenyl compounds represented by the following formula ##STR1## wherein A.sub.1 represents a hydroxyl or acetyloxy group, ##STR2## represents a trans-isoprene unit, ##STR3## represents a cis-isoprene unit, and n is an integer of from 11 to 19, said mixture containing substantial amounts of at least three compounds of formula (I) wherein n represents 14, 15 and 16 respectively as essential ingredients in a total amount of at least 70% by weight based on the weight of the mixture; and new compounds derived from the polyprenyl compounds of formula (I). These composition and compounds are useful for the synthesis of mammalian dolichols.

Abstract: A process for the preparation of a dicyclopentenol ester of the formula: ##STR1## wherein R is a C.sub.1-12 alkyl group, a C.sub.6-12 aryl group or a C.sub.6-12 substituted aryl group is disclosed. In this process dicyclopentadiene is reacted with an organic carboxylic acid of the formula:R--CO--OHin the presence of a catalyst. The catalyst comprises a readily volatile addition compound of BF.sub.3.

Abstract: Described is a novel process for preparing dihydromyrcenol defined according to the structure: ##STR1## or the acetate thereof comprising the steps of: (i) hydrogenating .alpha.-pinene to form .alpha.-pinane;(ii) pyrolizing the resulting .alpha.-pinane to form a mixture of hydrocarbons including dihydromyrcene (or, in the alternative, forming substantially the same mixture of hydrocarbons by other well known means);(iii) reacting the resulting pinane pyrolyzate or like mixture with hydrogen chloride gas in the presence of an acid catalyst, e.g., Lewis acid or protonic acid, to form a mixture of tertiary chlorides; then(iv) reacting the mixture of tertiary chlorides with water or acetic acid int he presence of a hydroxylation catalyst defined according to the formula:M.sub.P X.sub.Qwherein M represents an element selected from the group consisting of Zn, Ca, Mg, Mn and Co; wherein X represents O or an anion, e.g.

Abstract: The compounds of formula in which the symbols R1, R2, R3 and R4 represent independently from each other a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group, the symbol X represents an oxygen atom or an alkylene group of formula in which n is an integer from 1 to 3, the symbols R6 and R7 represent each a hydrogen atom or a methyl or ethyl group, and R5 represents an alkyl or alkoxy group from C1 to C4, linear or branched, an alkenyl group from C2 to C4, linear or branched, or a group of formula in which Y has the same meaning as X and R8 is a linear or branched alkyl group from C1 to C4 or a linear or branched alkenyl group from C2 to C4, are novel compounds showing musky odors and which confer musky-velvety, voluminous and very tenacious notes to the products to which they are added.